潔凈管道和管件焊接程序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書概要

1、潔凈管道和管件焊接程序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書welding procedure sop for cleaning piping and fitting編號(hào)no.wps-001版本versiona1生效日期eff date20090801修訂年限r(nóng)eview period2潔凈管道和管件焊接程序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書編寫公司/部門簽字日期審核公司/部門簽字日期批準(zhǔn)公司/部門簽字日期1. purpose目的this sop procedure describes the actions to be carried out to ensure the quality of the weldingwork. it c

2、overs the special requirements for welding for ideal service project.該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)指導(dǎo)程序描述了為確保焊接質(zhì)量必須采取的措施。它概括了所有ideals服務(wù)的焊接工程項(xiàng)目的特殊要求。the objective is to achieve a smooth, hygienic, clean profile to the bore side of welds.目的是要實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)光滑的、符合衛(wèi)生要求的、干凈的焊接表面。welds shall be in accordance to the requirements proper of de

3、sign code mentioned inengineer's drawing(s), document(s), requisition(s) and to the requirements outlined in thisspecification.焊接應(yīng)該符合工程設(shè)計(jì)圖紙、文件、工作單以及此技術(shù)說明書注明的要求。the welding specifications and the inspection requirements are described in this sopprocedure.此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)指導(dǎo)程序?qū)⒕唧w描述焊接說明和檢查要求。2. scope范圍use of o

4、rbital welding shall be mandatory for welding on hygienic stainless steel tube, fittingsand other process components. only after approval of project manager/customer, the manualweld shall be realized.對(duì)于衛(wèi)生型的不銹鋼管道、管件和其他工藝部件強(qiáng)制性執(zhí)行軌跡焊接。只有在得到項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理或客戶的批準(zhǔn)，才可以使用手工焊接。orbital welding may be used elsewhere at th

5、e discretion of the welder operator. the designershall highlight to engineering any areas other than these in above where he intends to useorbital welding.具體焊接執(zhí)行者可以判斷并決定在其他的場(chǎng)合也可以使用軌跡焊接。而設(shè)計(jì)人員更應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)指明在上述情況之外的其他區(qū)域哪些確實(shí)需要使用軌跡焊接。3. responsibility直接責(zé)任the site welder and its assistance mechanical engineer ar

6、e the welding result responsiblepersons.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)焊工和其輔助機(jī)械工程師是焊接結(jié)果的直接責(zé)任人。4. accountability間接責(zé)任the site welding inspector and site project manager are the welding result accountable persons.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)焊接檢查員和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理是焊接結(jié)果的間接責(zé)任人。the customer has to appoint a responsible person to do the follow-up of this sop procedure.客戶

7、必須指定一位負(fù)責(zé)的人監(jiān)督本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)指導(dǎo)程序的執(zhí)行。5. terms and explanations術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋和縮略語(yǔ)na6. procedure程序6.1 qualification of welders焊工資格確認(rèn)the welders should have passed the normal welding training before and have more than 6months site working experience.焊工應(yīng)經(jīng)過正規(guī)焊接培訓(xùn)，并具備6 個(gè)月以上現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。only certified welders are allowed to produce w

8、elds. the welders must obtain the certificaterequired by different welding procedure.只有持有焊接資格證書的焊工才能從事焊接。焊工必須按照相應(yīng)的焊接工藝取得對(duì)應(yīng)的資質(zhì)。for example, in europe, the welding operations may be executed only by personnel whopossess a valid welding certificate in accordance with en 287-1 141/en 1418. it is indicat

9、ed inthe welding certificate that the diameters and wall thickness of the product permitted to be weld.例如，在歐洲，焊接操作可能只有按照en 287-1 141/en 1418 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)取得有效證書的人員才可以來(lái)執(zhí)行。焊工證中注明了焊工有資格焊接的直徑和壁厚。also some welders (manual or automatic) will be qualified by the asme section ix for gtaw tomanual or automatic weld.也有些

10、焊工（手焊或自動(dòng)焊）是按照asme ix 節(jié)關(guān)于gtaw 手動(dòng)或自動(dòng)焊接來(lái)認(rèn)證的。in china, a welder shall have the prc qualification certificate for special operations issued bystate administration of work safety or professional certificates issued by regional.在中國(guó)，焊工要持有：“國(guó)家安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理局”頒發(fā)的中華人民共和國(guó)特種作業(yè)操作證。it must be included in the final docum

11、ental dossier (iq support) the welder certifications.在最終的檔案（iq 支持文件）中應(yīng)當(dāng)備有焊工的證明文件。6.2 material handing and preparation work材料處理和準(zhǔn)備工作6.2.1 the welder will wear the standard ideals welder clothes and necessary protection.焊工須穿著ideal統(tǒng)一的工裝和必要的保護(hù)。the applicable security norms must be followed. these includ

12、e but not limited to the follows:適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩Ｗo(hù)規(guī)范必須遵守。這里列出一些（但不局限于此）：adequate protection for eyes and body眼睛和身體的適當(dāng)保護(hù)。adequate ventilation / respiratory system適當(dāng)?shù)耐L(fēng)換氣系統(tǒng)presence of appropriated fire extinguisher適合的滅火裝置appropriated grounded in all the electric kits適當(dāng)?shù)碾姎馄骶呓拥豠ny other applicable local law其他適合的當(dāng)

13、地法規(guī)的規(guī)定內(nèi)容6.2.2 welding should not be made if the surface going to be weld is wet. under environment with bad climate, or strong wind or bad weather, unless prevention measurement is available, welding should not be made in outdoor place.當(dāng)焊接表面潮濕時(shí)，不得進(jìn)行任何焊接。除非有適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)措施，在嚴(yán)酷氣候或風(fēng)速高或不良大氣條件下不得進(jìn)行室外焊接。6.2.3 the

14、 welding material should meet the technical specification of the customers requirements.用于焊接的材料須符合客戶要求的技術(shù)規(guī)格。pipes, accessories, valves, etc., must be protected against strange elements in any moment,except when they are being used during the manufacturing.管道、附件、閥門等等，除了在被正式用于加工制造期間，其他時(shí)間都必須具備阻礙外界成分破壞的

15、適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)。6.2.4 mark all codes with marking felts which do not contain any sulphur or carbon (e.g. waterproof felt-pen), grease pencils may not be used. cutting marks must be made by means of widia etching point or alcohol stylus.在材料表面做標(biāo)記時(shí)使用的記號(hào)筆不得含有硫磺或碳成分（例如防水氈筆），不能使用油筆。必須用碳化鎢硬質(zhì)合金來(lái)進(jìn)行蝕刻點(diǎn)或乙醇雕刻刀標(biāo)上切割的標(biāo)志。6.2

16、.5 a straight end piece without bevel must result. the "gf"-blade may only be used for high-grade steel. cutting by means of an abrasive wheel is not allowed.切割的結(jié)果必須是直面而不能有斜角，gf 鋸將只用于切割高級(jí)不銹鋼。切割不允許使用砂輪。6.2.6 in order to work complying standards, the ends of the pipes have to be prepared by

17、means of a tube squaring machine.為滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，管子的斷面應(yīng)該用專用的管口斷面平口機(jī)進(jìn)行整平加工，同時(shí)除去毛刺。6.2.7 burrs on the interior and exterior surfaces of pipes can be removed by means of a high-grade steel knife (with changeable blade).管子內(nèi)外表面的毛刺可以用高級(jí)鋼刀去除（可換刀刃）6.2.8 pre-treat the ends of other fittings so that they correspond t

18、o the pipe tolerances.其他管件的端面同樣需要預(yù)處理，以符合與之對(duì)焊的管道公差的一致要求。6.2.9 weld only perfectly clean pipes and fittings. no grease, oil, dust, dirt, paint or other substances may remain on the pipes. do not touch cleaned pipes. remove grinding dust and filings before starting to weld.徹底清潔的管子和管件才能焊接。開始焊接前，應(yīng)將管子表面的各

19、種雜質(zhì)清除，如油污、灰塵、泥土、油漆、研磨的碎屑等。不得用手觸摸已經(jīng)清潔好的管子焊接端面。6.2.10 all the tools, kits and machinery will be protected from the environmental pollution as far as it was compatible with the daily work.所有的工具、器具和機(jī)械都應(yīng)該進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)和保管，以使其避免環(huán)境的污染，滿足日常工作的要求。6.2.11 check the welding machine special tungsten electrode.檢查焊機(jī)專用鎢電極

20、。the welding machine electrodes will be of tungsten with a 2% of thorium (or cerium) agreeableto the aws-astm ewth 2 or aws-astm ew ce 2 classification. the electrodes must besharpened as a pencil of point with a dull extreme, with slightly finish and re-sharpened toregular gaps to maintain the elec

21、trodes cleaned.焊機(jī)電極一般為2%釷（或鈰）鎢極，符合aws-astm ewth 2 或aws-astm ew ce 2 分級(jí)。這種電極必須是磨尖的，就像略帶鈍頭的鉛筆頭尖，但要有細(xì)長(zhǎng)光潔的外表面，否則要清潔電極、重新磨尖，以使其適合焊接對(duì)縫的要求。change a new one if it is contaminated too much.焊接電極如污染嚴(yán)重須更換。6.3 gases焊接氣體all welding must be done under protection gases.所有的焊接必須在保護(hù)氣體氛圍中完成。to avoid oxidation when weld

22、ing, forming gas used in sufficient quantity to assure that alloxygen has been removed. the choices of the protection gases affects the temper color when tack welding or welding. they also affect the structural composition of the starting material (formation of ferrite).為了避免焊接時(shí)候的氧化，用充足的成形氣體確保全部的氧氣已經(jīng)

23、被驅(qū)除出去。保護(hù)氣的選擇正確與否將影響點(diǎn)焊和焊接時(shí)的回火顏色。它們也都影響最終成形材料的組分（鐵素體的形成）。shielding gas shall normally be commercially pure (99.5%) argon or better and internal purgegas may be argon or nitrogen. normally, only argon 4.8(99.99% pure) shall be used aspurging gas or backing gas.鈍化氣一般為市場(chǎng)上常用的99.995%的氬氣或更高濃度，而內(nèi)部的凈化氣可能是氬氣或氮

24、氣。通常，我們僅用argon 4.8(99.995%純度)作為凈化氣或背襯氣。inspecting each bottle for the “argon4.8” or “99.995% pure” mark.對(duì)照檢查每一氣瓶的 “argon 4.8”或 ”99.995%純度”標(biāo)記。while only 0,5 to 1,0 m3 argon remained in the cylinder, a new cylinder shall be changed.最后每個(gè)氣瓶的氬氣剩氣量少于0,5 到 1,0 m3 時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)更換新瓶。6.4 tacking點(diǎn)焊tack welding to be p

25、erformed without adding filler material.實(shí)施的點(diǎn)焊，不得添加填充材料。pipes and fittings must be aligned to decrease the possible deviations.管道和配件必須校直對(duì)準(zhǔn)，將偏向降低到最小。edge preparations for butt welds shall be flat and true and perpendicular to the pipe axis towithin 0.5 degree.對(duì)焊的兩個(gè)端口要求是平的、直的、并沿軸線對(duì)齊，沿軸線偏差在0.5 度以內(nèi)。tacki

26、ng is done only when backing gas flow.只有在有背襯氣流時(shí)進(jìn)行點(diǎn)焊。the tacking points must be little fusion points, not bigger than 1,5 mm of diameter. the quantityof provisional points will not exceed of 4 units each weld in a pipe until 4” Ø.點(diǎn)焊點(diǎn)應(yīng)為盡量小的熔點(diǎn)，不能大于1.5mm 直徑。對(duì)于小于4” 的管道，臨時(shí)焊點(diǎn)的數(shù)量不許超過4 個(gè)。tack points may

27、 show no over thickness and may not appear on the inside of the tubes. aftertack-welding alignment must be checked, and unacceptable deviations must be adjusted before welding.點(diǎn)焊點(diǎn)不能超過壁厚，不可出現(xiàn)在管內(nèi)。在點(diǎn)焊后，必須檢查對(duì)口情況，在正式焊接前，不能接受的錯(cuò)口必須被糾正。6.5 welding焊接if there is a hard air flow in the work environmental, the

28、weld operation must be protected inorder not to affect the protection gas.在工作環(huán)境中如存在較強(qiáng)氣流流動(dòng)情況，焊接操作過程必須進(jìn)行必要的保護(hù)措施，以減小對(duì)氬氣保護(hù)氣體工作的影響。the backing gas area must be made as narrow as possible by means of suitable backingstoppers.兩頭使用適當(dāng)?shù)暮附訐醢?，并使焊接區(qū)域盡量地變窄。6.5.1 manual welding手動(dòng)焊接the parameter for manual tig weld

29、ing depends on material and wall thickness of the pipe.手動(dòng)tig 焊接參數(shù)主要決定于材料和管道的壁厚。the manual tig welding only can be done by the welder who has rich welding experience.手動(dòng)tig 焊接只有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的焊工才能執(zhí)行。6.5.2 orbital welding軌跡焊接orbital welding is based on different basic programmers. the parameters of these program

30、mers must be adapted to different material content.軌跡焊接是基于不同的基本程序，這些程序的參數(shù)必須適合焊接材料的情況。the log-files of the seams would be memorized on a memory card and in the projectdocumentation on the fileserver.適合一種焊縫情況的記錄文件可以儲(chǔ)存在記憶卡中，也可以將其打印出來(lái)放入該項(xiàng)目的存檔文件中。if more than one system is manufactured at the same time h

31、ave each one a separate memorycard.如果在相同的時(shí)間里有多個(gè)系統(tǒng)被加工制作，各自的程序都可以保存在記憶卡內(nèi)。the weld programs must be developed for each size of pipe, wall thickness, diameter and isospecifications. it must be done as minimum (two) acceptable test tubes to establish an initialweld program. if the weld program has to be

32、modified, it must be done as minimum 2 (two)acceptable test tubes.根據(jù)每種管道的規(guī)格、壁厚、外徑和不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)特性，焊接程序需要對(duì)應(yīng)的調(diào)整和完善。必須最少兩次被視為可接受的試驗(yàn)后，確立一個(gè)初始化的定義程序。如果焊接程序得以修改，同樣還是要通過這一程序可以得到至少兩個(gè)合格可被接受的焊接才可以保存該編號(hào)程序。during setting one welding machine program, the following items should be paid attention (butare not limited) to:在設(shè)定

33、一個(gè)焊機(jī)焊接程序時(shí)，有下面需要注意的一些項(xiàng)（但不局限于此）：pre-flow: to make sure that the oxygen level is acceptable low, and the pre-flow duration should be more than 15 seconds.預(yù)送氣：確保氧氣含量是否低到可接受的程度，注意預(yù)送氣的持續(xù)時(shí)間大于15 秒。inside protection gas: constant flow of 15 to 25l/min；內(nèi)部保護(hù)氣：連續(xù)流量為15-25l/分鐘；backing during welding: constant flo

34、w of 10 to 20l/min；焊接的背襯氣體：連續(xù)放氣流量10-20l/分鐘；post-purge time: >15 seconds (temperature below 200)；滯后斷氣時(shí)間：大于15 秒（溫度低于200）。the electric current for the weld will be direct unipolar (negative electrode). each weld machine will be connected to an independent electric circuit and for exclusive use, when

35、ever the junction electric installation, provided by the property, will permit it.焊接電流一般為直流單極電流（負(fù)極）。每個(gè)焊機(jī)建議使用單獨(dú)的供電回路，如果要共用電源，必須保證正確的連接，才允許使用。all the welds and reference welds will be inspected by welding inspector of the ideal andchecked by the customer if necessary in order to quality control.為實(shí)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量控

36、制，所有的焊點(diǎn)和焊接樣品都要由ideals的焊接檢查員進(jìn)行檢查，如有需要也要經(jīng)客戶檢查。all the welds will observe the acceptance view established in the present documentation.所有的焊接能夠被接受的檢查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將在此文件中確立。all the welds that dont observe the requirements detailed in this specification should bereplaced. the reason of any defective weld should be de

37、termined and should be taken anappropriated action to correct the problem and prevent its recurrence.any deviation in the acceptance view which is detailed in the following chapter of this document, will require a previous writing approval.所有按照此說明書指示的不滿足要求的焊接要被取代。任何造成缺陷的焊接原因要被指出，并表明糾正該錯(cuò)誤的適當(dāng)?shù)男袆?dòng)，避免重復(fù)犯

38、錯(cuò)。every welding seam must be recorded in the “welds log register”. also the necessaryinformation showed on the isometric drawing.每一個(gè)焊點(diǎn)必須按照”焊縫日誌記錄” 文件記錄在案，而且其他必要信息反應(yīng)在對(duì)應(yīng)的軸側(cè)圖紙上。after the weld to protect the components appropriately完成焊接后的部件要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)。6.6 reference welds焊接樣品before the start of the work on

39、site, reference welds are made for each diameter for approval by the customer.在開始現(xiàn)場(chǎng)正式焊接工作前，焊接出每一種直徑的焊接樣品供客戶檢驗(yàn)直至其滿意并確認(rèn)。these reference welds undergo the same inspections as arranged for installation welds of thework site.焊接的參照樣品，接受與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的焊接同樣的檢查。the reference welds must be kept as a reference for inspec

40、tion of all welds carried out.焊接樣品，在焊接施工后不得進(jìn)行任何方式的處理，將作為所有正式焊接的一個(gè)檢查結(jié)果的樣例被妥善保管。each reference welds test must be recorded welding-sample “welds log register” documentwhich is same with the formal welding seams:每個(gè)焊接樣品，要按照焊樣”焊縫日誌記錄”文件的要求與正式焊縫焊接一樣記錄在案。n one reference weld shall be prepared to represent

41、each diameter and wall thicknessof pipe to be welded in production.每種直徑和壁厚的管道都要進(jìn)行焊樣準(zhǔn)備。n every day, before the welder starts welding a certain diameter, he makes a referenceweld for that diameter.每天，在開始某一直徑尺寸的焊接前，要做這一尺寸對(duì)應(yīng)的焊樣。n when the diameter of the tube changes, he first makes a reference weld bef

42、ore hestarts executing the installation welds.每次更換管道直徑時(shí)，須要重新制作要開始的焊接對(duì)應(yīng)的焊樣。n the exact reference welds ratio should be defined at the contract document. and thendo the reference welds quantity according to this document.焊接樣品選取比例要在合同文件中定義清楚。并按此文件規(guī)定作焊樣數(shù)量。the reference welds must be kept separately and

43、are handed over at the end of the job to thecustomer.這些焊接的樣品單獨(dú)保留，并在工作結(jié)束后移交給客戶。each piece of reference weld must be marked with:每一個(gè)焊接樣品應(yīng)標(biāo)有：“reference welds”: ”焊樣”字樣“reference weld seam number：s年月日焊工編號(hào)序號(hào)，如s-080505fh1” “樣品”: 焊點(diǎn)編號(hào)6.7 welds inspection焊接檢查6.7.1 visual inspection外觀檢查the welder himself insp

44、ects externally all welds. as reference, the reference weld of the samediameter is used. this inspection is entered in the welds log register.焊工自己檢查所焊焊縫的外觀，以焊接的參照樣品作為參考。檢查結(jié)果填入焊縫日誌記錄。100% visually inspection of all the welding seams (outside).100%的焊點(diǎn)均要進(jìn)行外觀檢查（外部檢查）100% visually inspection of all the r

45、eference welds (outside and inside)100%的焊樣均要進(jìn)行外觀檢查（外部和內(nèi)部檢查）visual inspection with the aid of a mirror and a lamp外觀檢查可以借助于反射鏡和燈具等工具the following faults may, for example, occur:舉例說明，以下的缺點(diǎn)或過錯(cuò)可能發(fā)生：l incomplete penetration沒焊透all the welds done, will have total penetration on the internal surface welded,

46、this shouldshow uniformity in the four sectors.所有的焊接都必須焊透，而且在四個(gè)斷面上都要顯示是同樣的結(jié)果。l overlapping焊接重疊過多excessive penetration (penetration may not exceed 10%-15% of nominal wall thickness)額外的焊接成型部分（不能超出一般管壁厚度的10%-15%）l the weld collar is better with minimum discoloring. a light yellow or straw-coloureddisco

47、loration is permissible. discoloration like dark brown to black is poor forming.焊縫最好是只有最小的顏色改變。亮黃或淡黃色是允許的。黑褐色或黑色是很差的形成色。l not continuously welded不連續(xù)的焊接the welding bead must have a uniform width around the entire circumference of the seam.there may be no cracks, discontinuities or hollows.焊縫成型的鱗片必須是圍

48、著整個(gè)焊縫的焊道形成統(tǒng)一的寬度。沒有裂縫、中斷或凹洞。l the realization of the weld will assure that the finishing surface of the weld will be free ofpores, cracking, bubble, crystals or any other rugosity or surface irregularity, through theregulation of the weld current, purge gas, etc.通過調(diào)整焊接的電流、送氣等參數(shù)，使得焊接結(jié)果要保證外表面的最終成形沒有氣孔、

49、裂紋、氣泡、小晶粒或其他褶皺或表面不規(guī)則。l the weld should present regularity of pulses gaps on four levels or sectors. each pulseshould overlap or cover as minimum a 50% of the previous pulse surface. the mechanicalresistance traction of the weld made, result optimum when the superposition of pulses isapproximately a

50、75% of the area.焊接應(yīng)沿著四個(gè)斷面均呈現(xiàn)出一種有規(guī)律的脈沖波紋，每一個(gè)波紋至少有50%的部分被上一個(gè)波紋覆蓋著，露出的部分是小于50%的，否則將不可接受。在焊接過程中，通過焊接機(jī)械阻力的牽制，使波紋的覆蓋接近75%的理想結(jié)果。l as a general rule, the collar width should be approximately twice the pipe walls thickness.weld collar width should be uniform throughout the pipe wall. for pipes of 1,2 mm.thic

51、kness, weld collar should be made by an only run and weld collar base should beapproximately from 2 mm. up to 4 mm. width, and present a regular width on the foursectors.作為一般的原則，焊縫的寬度大約為管道厚度的兩倍。焊縫的寬窄沿管道一圈要做到基本一致相同。例如，管道厚度為1.2mm，焊縫只能是一個(gè)唯一的一圈，焊縫的寬度大約2mm 到4mm 寬。在四個(gè)斷面上的呈現(xiàn)一致的寬度。l all the pipe extremes, a

52、ccessories and valves will be carefully aligned to reduce as much as possible the not-lined. the not-lined mustnt exceed over the 15 % of the wall thickness.所有的管接頭、附件和閥門等在焊接時(shí)都要非常小心地盡量排列對(duì)齊，以減少錯(cuò)位偏心的發(fā)生。錯(cuò)位偏心不能超過15%的壁厚。l the internal concavity of the weld collar mustnt exceed from the 10% of the pipe wal

53、lthickness. the external concavity of the weld collar mustnt be higher from the 15% of thepipe wall thickness.焊縫向內(nèi)凹陷，不能超過10%的管道壁厚；向外凸起不能大于15%的管道壁厚。automatic weld：自動(dòng)焊接：the inspector or welder enters the results of the inspection in the attached form” welds logregister”.檢查員或焊工要將檢查結(jié)果填寫在附件“焊縫日誌記錄”表格中。we

54、lds that do not comply must be removed and re-welded.不合要求的焊縫必須切除并重新焊接。6.7.2 internal inspection內(nèi)部檢查the steps identified with the word "option" are executed only if they have been specificallyordered by the customer.凡是用“可選項(xiàng)”定義的步驟，只在客戶特殊地訂貨時(shí)才被執(zhí)行。in addition, special customer requirements can

55、 be taken into account. in such cases,order-related quality proof documents will be created as necessary.另外，客戶特殊的要求也將能夠考慮。這種情況，必須制定有關(guān)的特殊要求訂單的證明文件作為支持文件。6.7.2.1 endoscope inspection（option）內(nèi)窺鏡檢查（可選項(xiàng)）normally, there is about 10% welding seams will be inspected through the endoscope machine.通常地，大約10%的焊

56、點(diǎn)將進(jìn)行內(nèi)窺鏡檢查。purpose:目的the following items are checked when we inspect internally the weld with endoscope:當(dāng)用內(nèi)窺鏡檢查焊縫內(nèi)部時(shí)，需要檢查以下項(xiàng)目：penetration, alignment, backing result color, and smoothness焊透、對(duì)口、背襯結(jié)果的顏色和光潔度preparation:準(zhǔn)備before each series of inspections, a functional test of the endoscope is carried out

57、 as described in the section "functional controls" in the operator's guide.在每次進(jìn)行一系列的檢查前，按照操作者的指南中有關(guān)功能控制的章節(jié)描述，進(jìn)行一次內(nèi)窺鏡的功能測(cè)試。execution of the inspection:檢查的執(zhí)行the entire internal circumference of the welded seam is inspected with the endoscope.用內(nèi)窺鏡進(jìn)行對(duì)一個(gè)焊縫的整個(gè)一圈進(jìn)行內(nèi)部焊縫的完整的檢查。depending on the pipe diameter, the endoscope inspection can be documented with the aid of2-3 pictures on a floppy disk or cd-