代詞語(yǔ)法整理之歐陽(yáng)地創(chuàng)編

1、代詞語(yǔ)法整理時(shí)間：2021.03. 04創(chuàng)作：歐陽(yáng)地代詞的定義和特征代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語(yǔ)、分詞和句子的 詞。1）because he had a bad cold, jack decided to stayi n bed the who i e day.（代詞 he 代替名詞 jack）2）the browns said they might move to california（代詞they代替名詞短語(yǔ)the browns）3）bob a i ways answers h i s teacher' s questions well; that shows that he

2、 works very hard at home （代詞that代替前面的分句）代詞之間有兩點(diǎn)共同之處：第一，它們本身的詞義都很弱，必須從上下文來(lái)確定； 第二，許多代詞都有兩種功用：一可單獨(dú)取代名詞的位 置，二可起修飾語(yǔ)的作用。代詞的種類(lèi)代詞可分為八類(lèi)：1）人稱代詞 （personal pronoun）a）主格：i, you, he, she, it, we, you, t heyb)賓格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2) 物主代詞(possess i ve pronoun)a) 形容詞性物主代詞：my , your , his, her , its

3、 , our, your, thei rb) 名詞性物主代詞：mine, yours, his, hers, its,ours, yours, theirs3) 反身代詞(ref lexive pronoun) : myself, yourself,h imseif , herseif ,itseif , ourseives ,yourseives, themseives, oneseif4) 相 互代詞(reciprocal pronoun) : each other , one another5) 指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun) : this , that,thes

4、e, those, it, such, same6) 疑 問(wèn)代詞 (interrogative pronoun) : who , whom ,whose, which, what7) 關(guān) 系代詞(re i a t i ve pronoun) : who, whom, whose, which, that, as8) 不定代詞(indefinite pronoun) : some, some thing, somebody , someone , any , anythi ng , anybody , anyone , no , noth i ng , nobody , no one , eve

5、ry , everyth i ng , everyone , everybody 、 each , much ,many , little, a little, few, a few , other ,another, all, none, one, both, either, neither一、人稱代詞1、人稱代詞的形式(見(jiàn)下表)2、人稱代詞的作用人稱代詞在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。(1) 人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用主格i i ost my wallet in the park.(2) 人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格i saw you in the street.(3) 人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用賓格who

6、 i s knock i ng at the door ? it' s me.3、在使用人稱代詞時(shí)有下面幾點(diǎn)注意：(1) we, you兩詞有時(shí)泛指一般人，指大家。you never know what may happen.(2) she可以用來(lái)代表國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等。i think chinese wi i i do what she promised to do.(3) i在并列的主語(yǔ)中，總放最后。(4) it有許多用法(a) 代表已提到過(guò)的一件事物。i iove swimming. it keeps me fit.(b) 當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不知道對(duì)方的性別時(shí)，可用it來(lái)表oit&#

7、39; s a lovely baby. is it a boy or a girl?(c) 可用來(lái)指帶時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。it is ha if past three now(d) 用于固定搭配中。take it easy.waik it 步行 make it 辦成 take it out of somebody拿某人出氣二、物主代詞1物主代詞的形式2、物主代詞的作用1) 形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語(yǔ)。the ta i i boy i s my student.2) 名詞性物主代詞作表語(yǔ)whose dictionary is this? it' s mine.(2) 作主語(yǔ)our

8、room i s on the f i rst floor and the i rs i son the second.作賓語(yǔ)you may use my pen. i' ii use hers.(4) 與of連用作定語(yǔ)he i s a ciose fr i end of ours三、反身代詞1反身代詞的形式2、反身代詞的作用作賓語(yǔ)i can' t express myseif in eng ii sh.作表語(yǔ)he is not quite himseif these days.(3) 作同位語(yǔ)反身代詞作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)名詞或代詞的語(yǔ) 氣，應(yīng)重讀；在句中常置于名詞、代詞

9、之后或句子末 尾。the theory itself is a i i r ight.we had better ask the teacher herseif about it.(5) 偶爾用作主語(yǔ) 這種獨(dú)立使用的反身代詞語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。both my s i ster and myse if were invited to the par ty. 用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ) help oneself to, hurt oneself, enjoy oneseif , dress oneseif , by oneseif , in oneself (本身)，bet ween ourse丨ves (私下說(shuō)的話，不

10、可 告訴別人)四、相互代詞相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系。1、相互代詞的形式2、相互代詞的用法(1) 相互代詞賓格用作賓語(yǔ)we can he ip each other.(2) 相互代詞屬格用作定語(yǔ)we should point out each other, s shortcomings.五、指示代詞指示代詞是用來(lái)指示或標(biāo)識(shí)人或事物的代詞。1、指示代詞的形式其他還有：such, so, same, it (指人用)2、指示代詞的用法(1) 作主語(yǔ) these aren' t my books.(2) 作賓語(yǔ) she wi i i do that.(3) 作表語(yǔ) my idea is this.

11、(4) 作定語(yǔ) this book is about chinese traditional med i c i ne.（5）this和that有時(shí)可用作狀語(yǔ)，表示程度，譯為"這 么"和“那么”the book is this thick（6）that和those有時(shí)用來(lái)代表前面提到的東西，以避免 重復(fù)這個(gè)名詞the we a ther i n han dan i s coo i er t han that inguangzhou.（代替不可數(shù)名詞weather）the mach i nes are better than those we made i astyear.（

12、代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)mach i nes）my room was i ighter than the one next door.（如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用the one來(lái)代替）六、疑問(wèn)代詞1、疑問(wèn)代詞的形式2、疑問(wèn)代詞的用法1）who通常作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)who is on duty today?2）whom作賓語(yǔ)whom do you wish to speak to?with whom did you go? （口 語(yǔ)中說(shuō) who did you gowith?更多一些。）3) whose> what、which這三個(gè)代詞可以用作主語(yǔ)whose i s better ?what happened

13、 next?表語(yǔ)whose i s it?what' s your father ?賓語(yǔ)whose are you going to borrow?定語(yǔ)whose umbrei i a i s this?七、關(guān)系代詞1>關(guān)系代詞的形式who, whom, whose, which, that是用來(lái)引起定語(yǔ)從句 的。它一面代表定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞，一 面又在從句內(nèi)擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分(通稱為先行詞)o2、關(guān)系代詞的用法1) who代表人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。the girl who spoke is my best friend.do you i i ke the teache

14、r who (whom) we ta i ked with?2) whom代表人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。he is the man whom (who) you have been looking for.3) whose代表某個(gè)人的，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。do you know anyone whose fami i y i s in xi' an?4) which代表事物，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。he to id a st ory which moved us deep i y.5) that既代表人也代表物，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 或表語(yǔ)。thi s i s the plane that

15、 wii i fiy to tokyo in the afternoon.foo i that i was!八、不定代詞不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞， 英語(yǔ)中 不定代 £司有:some (something , somebody , someone) , any(anythi ng , anybody , anyone), no(nothing, nobody , no one) , every(everything , everybody , everyone) , all, each , both , much , many , (a)little, (a)fe

16、w , other (s) , another , none, one，either, neither 等。1 不定代詞的作用1）作主語(yǔ)both （of us） are r i ghteither （of the answers） i s cor rect.neither （of the answers） i s correct.i s everybody here?noth i ng spec i a i happened yesterday.al i i s go ing well.2）作賓語(yǔ)there i s room for a i i of us.i ii ke none of th

17、e booksif you have any， give us some.3）作表語(yǔ)thanks, it' s too much for me.thas reai iy something.4）作定語(yǔ)you may take either road.everybody' s bus iness i s nobody * s business. 人 人都管等于沒(méi)人管。（諺）please give another examp ie to illustrate your point.5）作同位語(yǔ)we none of us said anything.g i ve them two e

18、ach.2 不定代詞的用法比較1）al i, every 和 each 的比較all在表示抽象的整體概念時(shí)，作單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于everyth i ng:al i was destroyed in the big f i re.grasp all, iose al i.什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（諺） all指人時(shí)用作復(fù)數(shù)，意為指三者以上的“全部”、“全 體”，相當(dāng)于everyone,例:ai i are present.she knows us all.all在人稱代詞前面，只能用all of,而且要與人稱代 詞的賓格us, you, them等連用，如：a i i of us,而不 能說(shuō)成a i

19、i usoevery用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物，是"每一個(gè)”的意 思，只能作定語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念，例：every piayer i s present.they he i ped us i n every way.在表示“每個(gè)”、“全體”意思時(shí)，every的意思與all 很接近。但一般情況下every和單數(shù)名詞搭配，a i i和復(fù) 數(shù)名詞搭配，例：every child enjoys chr i stmasal i chiidren enjoy chr i stmas.each也是“每一個(gè)”的意思，但與every不同，each用 于指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，著重于個(gè)別概念，例：two

20、men came into the room. each carr ied an umbrei i a.each book on this desk is worth reading.he gave three to each (of them).2) some和any的比較不定代詞some, any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可數(shù) 名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some 一般用于肯定句中；而 any則用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件從句中，例：have you any questions?if there are any new magazines in the i ibrary,take some for

21、me.注意：在表示請(qǐng)求或建議，希望得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中，應(yīng)用some而不用any,例：would you pi ease give me some paper ?would you iike some sugar?some還可用于盼望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問(wèn)句，如：isn' t there some ink in that bottle?當(dāng)any表示“任何”或“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”的意義時(shí)，可用 于肯定句，此時(shí)any要重讀，例：any one wi i i do.任 何一個(gè)都彳亍。you may come at any time that is convertient to you.some ,

22、any 和 body , one , t hi ng 構(gòu)成合成代詞 somebody , someone , something, anybody , anyone , anything等和some, any的基本用法一樣，由some構(gòu)成 的合成代詞一般用于肯定句，由any構(gòu)成的合成代詞一 般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。如果要在疑問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求，建議等肯定的意思或者盼 望得到肯定的答復(fù)，須用somebody , someone或 someth i ng。3）many、 much 和 few、 iittlemany （很多），few（很少），a few（有幾個(gè)）是表示數(shù)的代 詞，用以代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；

23、much（很多），i ittle（很 少），a i ittle（有一些）是表示量的代詞，用以代替或修 飾不可數(shù)名詞。a few和a i ittle表示肯定的意義，而 few和little則表示否定意義。這些詞一般作定語(yǔ)時(shí)較 多，有時(shí)也可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，例：she has as many books as you.（定語(yǔ)）i have few books to lend you.many have come to the meeting.he knows little about it.how much i s it?注意：a iot （of） , p ienty of等一類(lèi)的短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于many 和much,可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名