高中英語第四冊第四模塊外研版基礎(chǔ)知識薈萃xiugai - 副本 - 副本

1、Module 4 smart expressoinsBOOK4 Module 4 carry out perform conduct an experiment 做實驗做實驗 do make2. make a breakthrough 取得重大突破（進(jìn)展）取得重大突破（進(jìn)展）3. convert A into/to B 把把A轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成B4. take the place of=replace取代；代替取代；代替 in place of 取代，代替取代，代替5. a quantity of+不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)單數(shù) a quantity of+可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

2、，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) quantities of+ 可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) quantities of+不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)6. bring up 撫育，教養(yǎng)；提出（話題等）；嘔吐?lián)嵊?，教養(yǎng)；提出（話題等）；嘔吐 bring down 使降低使降低 bring about 導(dǎo)致，引起導(dǎo)致，引起 bring back 歸還歸還 bring in 賺錢；帶進(jìn)，引入賺錢；帶進(jìn)，引入 owing to thanks to 由于由于 due to because of as a result of graduate fro

3、m從從.畢業(yè)畢業(yè)7.be diagnosed with /as被診斷出被診斷出10. escape doing sth. 逃避做某事逃避做某事 escape from /out of+sp. 從某地逃脫；逃走從某地逃脫；逃走 escape from reality 逃避現(xiàn)實逃避現(xiàn)實 a narrow escape 九死一生九死一生 a fire escape 緊急出口；安全們緊急出口；安全們11. earn ones living= make a living 謀生謀生 live/lead a life 過著過著的生活的生活12. come to power/take power掌權(quán)；執(zhí)政掌權(quán)

4、；執(zhí)政13. become the voice of 成為成為的代言人的代言人14. partly because (of) 一部分是因為一部分是因為 mainly because (of)主要是因為主要是因為15. clear up 天氣放晴；煙霧消散；整理，收拾天氣放晴；煙霧消散；整理，收拾 clear ones throat 清嗓子清嗓子16.the key to 的的關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵;鑰匙鑰匙 the answer to the question 問題問題的的答案答案 the entrance to the building 大廈大廈的的入口入口 the solution to the pro

5、blem 解決問題解決問題的的方法方法 the access to the house 到達(dá)房子到達(dá)房子的的通路通路 the approach to learning English 學(xué)習(xí)英語學(xué)習(xí)英語的的方法方法17.很可能很可能 It is possibleprobable that SbSthIt is likely that.18. publish v.出版（出版（有被動有被動） come out 出版（出版（無被動無被動）19. as a result, 句子句子 as a result of+名詞名詞 result in 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致 result from 由。造成由。造成 Readi

6、ng analysis of sentencesIn the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.Q1: in the rice-growing world 變成定語從句變成定語從句Q2：Yuan Longping 成分成分?He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.Q1: the key to 中中to 是介詞還是不定式標(biāo)志詞是

7、介詞還是不定式標(biāo)志詞“to”?Q2: to have more 和和 to produce 做什么成分做什么成分?3. He thought there was only one way to do this - by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.Q1: one way to do this 可否說可否說 one way of do

8、ing this?Q2：理解：理解 either of the original plants Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.Q1:用哪個代詞可以替代用哪個代詞可以替代 the yield ? Q2: grown in Pakistan 成分？成分？thatIn the world(領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)域) which grows richThe Chinese scientist同位語同位語 介詞介詞表語表語可以可以后置定語后置定語(which is grown.)eith

9、er兩者中的任意一個兩者中的任意一個5. 50 thousand square kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops. Following this, Yuan Long pings rice was exported to other countries.Q1: convert to. “把轉(zhuǎn)化為” 中to是介詞還是不定式標(biāo)志詞“to”Q2: Following this怎么理解?to 是介詞是介詞Following 為介詞，為介詞，following this“

10、在在之后之后”“”“緊跟著緊跟著”,相相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于“after this”Cultural corner and function analysis of sentencesToday rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. (para. 1)Q1: which 可否換成可否換成that?可否省略可否省略? 在定語從句中做什么成分？在定語從句中做什么成分？Q2：分解句子（主句和從句）：分解句子（主句和從句）從句：從句： we can use (which =rockets

11、) to send astronauts into space.2. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. (para. 2)Q1： escaping from the tube 做什么成分做什么成分? Q2：改成定語從句：改成定語從句gas which escaped from the tube could.3. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped(to) keep the rocket

12、moving in a straight direction.(para.2)Q1：定語從句：定語從句 which helped keep.改成非謂語動詞短語作定語改成非謂語動詞短語作定語 a long stick helping keep the .先行詞先行詞 “rockets”，關(guān)系詞可以用，關(guān)系詞可以用which或或that。Which做做use的賓語的賓語。后置定語后置定語4. No one knows what happened? (para. 4)Q1: what引導(dǎo)什么從句，為什么要用引導(dǎo)什么從句，為什么要用what來引導(dǎo)？來引導(dǎo)？賓語從句；從句中缺主語，因此用賓語從句；從句中

13、缺主語，因此用what引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。5. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut? (para.4)Q1: becoming the worlds first astronaut 做什么成分？做什么成分？ 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語6. In Stephen Hawkings case, it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist. Moving in a wheelchair

14、and speaking through a special computer, he has become the voice of science.Q1: it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist?？煞褶D(zhuǎn)成可否轉(zhuǎn)成 He was discovered to be a brilliant scientist?Q2：Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special computer 做什么成分做什么成分 做狀語做狀語,表方式表方式能能 Grammar passive voic

15、e時態(tài)構(gòu)成主語謂語狀語一般現(xiàn)在時My home-workdoneevery day一般過去時yesterday一般將來時next month現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時now過去進(jìn)行時at 5 yesterday現(xiàn)在完成時since you left過去完成時before you came過去將來時the next day被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成iswaswill beis beingwas beinghas beenhad beenwould be“get 過去分詞過去分詞”形式形式 表示被動表示被動我的自行車昨晚被偷了。我的自行車昨晚被偷了。 你沒有太多時間換衣服了。你沒有太多時間換衣服了。My bike got s

16、tolen last night.You dont have enough time to get changed. 直接賓語sth作主語時要在間賓前加上to或或for Jim gave me a book. I was given a book by Jim. A book was given to me by Jim. tell sb sthgive sb. sth. pass sb. sth. throw sb sthsend sb. sth. show sb. sth.lend sb sthbring sb. sth.be told to sbbe given to sb. be pa

17、ssed to sb. be thrown to sb. be sent to sb. be shown to sb. be lent to sb. be brought to sb.主主動動被動被動 sth含有雙賓語句子的被動態(tài)主動主動 被動被動 sthbuy sb sthmake sb. sth. get sb. sth. sing sb sthdraw sb sthbe bought for sbbe made for sb be got for sb be sang for sbbe drawn for sb朝向性動詞需加to 目的性動詞需加for使役動詞和感官動詞使役動詞和感官動詞

18、主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) make/let/have/see/hear sb do sth 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) sb be made/let/had/seen/heard to do sth含有賓從的句子的被動態(tài)1.sb be saidreportedbelievedsupposed to do sth/ to have done sth.=It be saidreportedbelievedsupposed that 不用被動語態(tài)不用被動語態(tài)不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語last, fail, happen, break out, take place , come true , belong to等等2.表示主語內(nèi)在表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)品質(zhì)或或性能性能 sell, write, wash, clean, last(耐久耐久), wear(耐穿耐穿), 常常和常常和well, easily等副詞連用等副詞連用。3. 系動詞無被動語態(tài)：系動詞無被動語態(tài)：appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound