獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)—with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“with+名詞名詞+分詞分詞”的用法的用法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 目的：表環(huán)境，心態(tài)，氛圍目的：表環(huán)境，心態(tài)，氛圍 形式：名詞形式：名詞+形容詞形容詞/分詞分詞/介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ) 實(shí)質(zhì)：主系表去掉系動(dòng)詞，由句子退化而實(shí)質(zhì)：主系表去掉系動(dòng)詞，由句子退化而來(lái)的小短語(yǔ)（做狀語(yǔ)）來(lái)的小短語(yǔ)（做狀語(yǔ)）“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)”“表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)”短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)The soup is hotThe soup hotSword in hand and knife on back, they stepped onto the Guangming Peak.Room empty and windows opened, pe

2、ople left the house. 描述圖片和人物心態(tài)氛圍環(huán)境的絕佳句子描述圖片和人物心態(tài)氛圍環(huán)境的絕佳句子1.名詞或代詞名詞或代詞+分詞（分詞（doing或或done）The guests having left, he began to take a short rest.All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.Mr. Lee falling ill, Ill do it instead of him.2. 名詞或代詞名詞或代詞+形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞He entered the room, hi

3、s nose red with cold.= He entered the room, his nose being red with cold.All the guests (being) here, she felt very happy.Our lessons (being) over, we went out to play basketball.It being Sunday, I neednt go to school.being的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，being不能省略不能省略3.名詞或代詞名詞或代詞+不定式不定式The exam to be held tomor

4、row, I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.4.名詞或代詞名詞或代詞+名詞名詞He fought the robber, a stick his only weapon.5.名詞或代詞名詞或代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)The teacher was walking up and down the classroom, with the iron ruler under his arm.The children came running towards us, with flowers in their hands.6.There表存在時(shí)，也可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表存在

5、時(shí)，也可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)There being no buses, they walked to the theatre.邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或者有引導(dǎo)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或者有引導(dǎo)詞there時(shí)，時(shí)，being不不能省略。能省略?！皐ith+名詞+分詞”的用法 WithWith復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)式英語(yǔ)的一種重要的句復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)式英語(yǔ)的一種重要的句法現(xiàn)象。它是由法現(xiàn)象。它是由with+with+名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ +介詞介詞短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)/ /形容詞形容詞/ /副詞副詞/ /名詞名詞/ /現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞/ /過去分過去分詞詞/ /不定式組成，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示不定式組成，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示伴隨、方

6、式、原因、結(jié)果等各種復(fù)雜的情伴隨、方式、原因、結(jié)果等各種復(fù)雜的情況。其中分詞的形式取決于該動(dòng)詞與前面況。其中分詞的形式取決于該動(dòng)詞與前面名詞之間的關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)名詞之間的關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系、用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。系、用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。一、句法結(jié)構(gòu)一、句法結(jié)構(gòu)1.with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.The old man stood there, with his back against the wall.Mary was sitting near the

7、fire, with her back towards the door.2. with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+形容詞形容詞He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery.He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 3.with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+副詞副詞 With production up by 60%, the company has had anoth

8、er excellent year. The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 4.with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+名詞名詞 She used to sit reading in the evening with he pet dog her only companion. He died with his

9、daughter yet a schoolgirl. 5.with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her. With you helping me whenever Im in trouble, I feel very obliged to you. 6.with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+過去分詞過去分詞 “I think we can leave with out heads held high,” Erik said. The goalkeep

10、er left England with his flaws laid bare. 7.with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+不定式不定式 With 10 minutes to go, youd better hurry. With you to lead us, out group is sure to succeed. 二、句法功能二、句法功能 1. with獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示伴隨、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示伴隨、方式、原因、時(shí)間等。方式、原因、時(shí)間等。 With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.(原因原因) With win

11、ter coming on, it is getting colder and colder day by day. （時(shí)間）（時(shí)間） The streets are even more beautiful with all lights on.（方式）（方式） The teacher came into the classroom with a ruler under his arm.（伴隨）（伴隨） 2.也可以用作后置定語(yǔ)也可以用作后置定語(yǔ) The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks. 三，句法省略三，句法省略 With獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略主要是指在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略主要是指在“with+名詞名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)”