(課件)初中英語寫作教學(xué)漫談

1、 初中畢業(yè)初中畢業(yè)(5級級)要求達(dá)到的目標(biāo)：要求達(dá)到的目標(biāo)： a. 能根據(jù)寫作要求，收集、準(zhǔn)備素材；能根據(jù)寫作要求，收集、準(zhǔn)備素材； b. 能獨(dú)立起草短文、短信等，并在教師的指導(dǎo)能獨(dú)立起草短文、短信等，并在教師的指導(dǎo) 下進(jìn)行修改；下進(jìn)行修改； 新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中關(guān)于新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中關(guān)于寫寫的要求的要求c.能使用常見的連接詞表示順序和邏輯關(guān)系能使用常見的連接詞表示順序和邏輯關(guān)系（即文章中用于表示并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，舉例，因果，（即文章中用于表示并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，舉例，因果，遞進(jìn)，讓步，總結(jié)等邏輯關(guān)系的固定單詞或詞遞進(jìn)，讓步，總結(jié)等邏輯關(guān)系的固定單詞或詞組）組） ； d.能簡單描述人物或事件；能簡單描述人物或事件； e.

2、能根據(jù)所給的圖示或表格寫出簡單的段落或能根據(jù)所給的圖示或表格寫出簡單的段落或操作說明。操作說明。 初中英語寫作教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀初中英語寫作教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀 寫作能力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于閱讀能力 很少有專門的寫作指導(dǎo)課 很多教師采取簡單的方式處理寫作： 指定題目，要求在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成后上交，逐一批閱，給予評價(jià)或劃分等級。忽視了在寫作過程中技能的培養(yǎng) 有的教師在平時(shí)不進(jìn)行寫作訓(xùn)練，讓學(xué)生在考試前讓背幾篇范文來應(yīng)付考試。 多數(shù)學(xué)生對老師的評改反饋只看評分 對寫作喪失信心，不再重視（草率應(yīng)付） 惡性循環(huán) 寧波陳佩芳（2010）推廣中的推廣中的 “過程法過程法”三階段三階段構(gòu)成： 寫前準(zhǔn)備（pre-writing）: 小組討論

3、 brainstorm for ideas 寫作（drafting）: 匯總意見，確定提綱 學(xué)生定時(shí)完成 修改（revising）: 同伴互批, 定稿 優(yōu)點(diǎn)：優(yōu)點(diǎn)：調(diào)動學(xué)生，啟發(fā)思維 缺點(diǎn)：缺點(diǎn)：費(fèi)時(shí)，英語課堂時(shí)間有限。還忽略了中學(xué)生的苦衷：“想得到，寫不出” 和 “想的精彩，寫的難堪” 。 近幾年杭州地區(qū)中考英語作文題目近幾年杭州地區(qū)中考英語作文題目viii書面表達(dá)（共書面表達(dá)（共1題，計(jì)題，計(jì)15分）分） 假如你叫李華，在英特網(wǎng)上找到了一個(gè)叫david的網(wǎng)友，現(xiàn)在請你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)給david寫個(gè)e一mail，介紹你自己的一些情況。1李華，中學(xué)生，家住在上海。2喜歡集郵和運(yùn)動。3對英語很感興

4、趣，會唱不少英文歌曲。4班里同學(xué)也想找網(wǎng)友，希望得到幫助。5想去英國看看。注意： 1.開頭部分已寫好，只需接著寫。 2下面方框中所給的詞語可供你選擇使用，也可適當(dāng)增加一些詞語，使所寫的短文正確、連貫。 3詞數(shù)：65個(gè)左右。 live in， collect stamps， do some sports， pen friends， visit ones country， soon， english songs david， how are you？近幾年杭州地區(qū)中考英語作文近幾年杭州地區(qū)中考英語作文 沒有超過課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)五級要求 任務(wù)簡單明了。 篇幅短，寫一段就夠了（65-80詞，10句話左右） 關(guān)

5、鍵在于語言正確，表達(dá)清楚（注意順序和邏輯關(guān)系）。 寫作能力的培養(yǎng)需要進(jìn)行寫作能力的培養(yǎng)需要進(jìn)行語言語言知識知識積累和積累和寫作技能寫作技能訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練。 guided practice and pa學(xué)生作文學(xué)生作文sentence問題診斷問題診斷my home have three people.i want go home. there are some students play football in the playground.搭配不當(dāng) next week, we are going to take part in the final examinations. examination

6、 或 test不能與 take part in搭配使用, 但可以和take, attend, have , sit for, conduct, enter for, get through, pass, fail 搭配。搭配不當(dāng) we should learn as many knowledge as possible. knowledge 不能與learn 搭配, 只能與acquire, gain, obtain, absorb, accumulate, develop, broaden, enlarge, deepen, digest 等詞搭配使用。

7、/bncverb + knowledgeacquire + knowledge 全部例句adjective + knowledge she felt dangerous. when we go into society, we will (go out into the world; join the society加入?yún)f(xié)會)詞匯似是而非詞匯似是而非 由于學(xué)生缺乏英語基礎(chǔ)知識和技能，許多句子看起來類似用漢語想好了語句再用英語逐字死譯。（李志雪，2008）讓我們的廣州充滿愛。讓我們的廣州充滿愛。 lets make love everywhere in our guangzhou. “對于中國學(xué)

8、生最有用的幫助是讓他認(rèn)識英對于中國學(xué)生最有用的幫助是讓他認(rèn)識英語和漢語的差別語和漢語的差別”。（呂叔湘）。（呂叔湘） 要克服英文寫作中的要克服英文寫作中的“ 漢化漢化” 傾向傾向, 一個(gè)一個(gè)很重要的方法是與母語的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較很重要的方法是與母語的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較, 使使學(xué)生努力排除母語特點(diǎn)的干擾學(xué)生努力排除母語特點(diǎn)的干擾, 并有意識地并有意識地模仿英語的特點(diǎn)模仿英語的特點(diǎn), 寫出具有英語味的東西來。寫出具有英語味的東西來。英漢句子結(jié)構(gòu)差異英漢句子結(jié)構(gòu)差異1)英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整（英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整（complete），），動詞變化多動詞變化多 （transitivity , number, time,

9、aspect)2)主干成分語序基本一致：主干成分語序基本一致：sv(o) （不過漢語中有許多sov句：你書讀了嗎？英語中有大量倒裝句）3)英漢語中的定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語位置有很大不同英漢語中的定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語位置有很大不同summary chart of verb tensestimeaspectpresentpastfutureprogressiveperfectperfect progressivesimplesimple presentsimple pastsimple futurepresent progressivepast progressivefuture progressivepr

10、esent perfectpast perfectfuture perfectpresent perfect progressivepast perfect progressivefuture perfect progressivewhat do you do everyday?what did you do yesterday?what will you do tomorrow?what are you doing now?what were you doing at this time yesterday?what will you be doing at this time tomorr

11、ow?what have you done since you got up this morning?what had you done before you went to bed yesterday?what will you have done by the time you go to bed tonight?what are you doing? how long have you been doing that?what were you doing before i walked into the classroom today? how long had you been d

12、oing that?what will you be doing before i walk into the classroom tomorrow? how long will you have been doing that?answer the following 12 questions in complete sentences.英漢句子主干成分的語序差異英漢句子主干成分的語序差異 主語主語 英語一般嚴(yán)格遵循sv結(jié)構(gòu)要求。每個(gè)句子都要有主語（除祈使句），并且以動詞為中心；主謂之間相互制約。 漢語多用“topic comment” 結(jié)構(gòu)，幾乎什么結(jié)構(gòu)都可以做主題（topic）。主題總是

13、在前。 put the following into english 她十歲死了父親。她十歲死了父親。 臺上作者一位老者。臺上作者一位老者。 （衣服）洗好了。（衣服）洗好了。 下雨了。下雨了。 her father died when she was ten. an old man is sitting on the platform. i have washed the clothes. it is raining.主語主語 e.g. 活到老，學(xué)到老?；畹嚼希瑢W(xué)到老。 one is never too old to learn. 很難說誰對誰錯(cuò)。很難說誰對誰錯(cuò)。 its hard to te

14、ll who is right and who is wrong. 昨天找到了丟失的鋼筆。昨天找到了丟失的鋼筆。 the lost pen was found yesterday. 上飯店吃飯很貴。上飯店吃飯很貴。its expensive to eat out. 謂語動詞謂語動詞 漢語：無動詞或多動詞英語：單動詞（除非有連接詞）e.g. 我媽媽很漂亮。 my mother is very pretty. 我們又唱又跳。 we sang and danced. 我們邀請他們到上海來玩。 we invited them to come to shanghai for a visit. 你上課常常

15、缺席所以我想要提醒你。 you are often absent from class so i want to warn you. 賓語賓語 漢語中還有較多sov，osv句式。他英語不懂，法語也不懂。他英語不懂，法語也不懂。工人晚飯沒吃。工人晚飯沒吃。那座山我們已經(jīng)爬過了。那座山我們已經(jīng)爬過了。這本書她沒看過。這本書她沒看過。他把車停街上了。他把車停街上了。he knows neither english nor french. the workers didnt have their supper yet.we have climbed the mountain.she didnt rea

16、d the book.he parked the car on the street.附加成分的語序差異附加成分的語序差異 定語位置定語位置 漢語：通常放中心詞前 英語：不然 1. 單詞做定語單詞做定語，英漢語序基本相同。但英語中有定語后置的情況。 something old nothing important the manager involved students present the baby awake on the way home 2. 多詞定語多詞定語 英語中定語都后置 (目標(biāo)先于參照點(diǎn)) the apples on the tree are ripe. the way to

17、 start the machine the roses in the backyard of the caos looked great. 曹家后院的玫瑰花好看極了。（參照點(diǎn)先于目標(biāo)）三到六歲的孩子children from 3 to 6 years of age隔壁的音像店the music store next door用英語寫的信the letter(s) in english玩/放松的時(shí)間time to play/relax當(dāng)一個(gè)音樂家的計(jì)劃plans to be a musician出國學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會the chance to study abroad城市用水water used by

18、 cities不亂扔垃圾的習(xí)慣the habit of not throwing away rubbish我曾經(jīng)生活的村莊the village where i stayed/lived我昨晚吃的某樣?xùn)|西something i ate last night到月球去的宇航員astronauts who traveled to the moon 狀語位置狀語位置 漢語：一般放中心詞前漢語：一般放中心詞前 英語：英語： 位置靈活多變位置靈活多變 i always remember the day. he gave me a gift yesterday. they have recently bou

19、ght a car. i have visited the museum twice. he fell heavily and twisted his ankle. he studied as hard as he could in order to pass the exam. 為了通過考試，他盡最大努力學(xué)習(xí)。為了通過考試，他盡最大努力學(xué)習(xí)。 她一周有三個(gè)下午在一家百貨公司做兼職。she works part time in a department store three afternoons a week.在我十歲那年我和家人經(jīng)歷了一次奇妙的旅行。 i took a fantastic

20、trip with my family when i was ten years old.英漢段落連貫性表現(xiàn)英漢段落連貫性表現(xiàn) 英語：顯性連貫（形合） 漢語：隱形連貫為顯著特點(diǎn) （意合） 段落不是句子簡單相加。句子間要過度自然，不應(yīng)該有跳躍式的轉(zhuǎn)換；前后語句應(yīng)有符合邏輯的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。 知彼知己, 百戰(zhàn)不殆; 不知彼而知己, 一勝一負(fù); 不知彼不知己, 每戰(zhàn)必殆（少用語言形式手段連貫，注重邏輯事理順序, 注重內(nèi)在關(guān)系） (你) (若) 知彼(而又) 知己, (你) (則)(將) 百戰(zhàn)不殆; (你)(若)不知彼而知己, (你(則)(將)一勝(及)一負(fù); (你)(若)不知彼(而又)不知己, (你)(

21、則)每戰(zhàn)(將)必殆。 （按英語形合的特性, 把其中省略、隱含、模糊的東西都補(bǔ)上） television serves us in many ways. most importantly, television serves us as a kind of entertainment in our spare time. for instance, we can enjoy ourselves by watching our favorite programs, such as movies, sports games and plays. also, television provides u

22、s with a lot of information. for example, by watching advertisements, we learn about the latest products available on the market; or by watching news programs, we get to know what is going on in every corner of the world. in addition, television can help us widen our views. these days, many televisi

23、on programs introduce different cultures and places of historical interest. in this way we learn a lot on tv.transition signals1、并列,遞進(jìn): and, also, besides, in addition, whats more2、轉(zhuǎn)折和對比：but, however, on the other hand, 3、舉例： for example, for instance, such as4、因果：as a result, due to, because of, th

24、us, therefore5、讓步： although, though,6、總結(jié)：in short, in brief, for these reasonsunity in a paragraphevery sentence in a paragraph should support the main idea expressed in the topic sentence.main ideasentencesentencesentencesentenceis this a unified paragraph? my father is very strict with his childre

25、n, especially me. he will not let me out of the house unless i have done all my homework. frankly, i do not care whether i go to school or not. school is such a waste of time. there are not any good jobs, anyway. my mother does not agree with my father. they quarrel a lot. sometimes i wish they woul

26、d get a divorce, but then whom would i live with?1234567this is a unified paragraph my sister liz was born lucky. she has a beautiful smile. when she does something bad, she smiles and my parents are not angry. she eats a lot and does not get fat. her favorite meal is a double cheeseburger with fren

27、ch fries, a milkshake, and an ice cream sundae. after school she does her homework in five minutes while she watches television at the same time. in conclusion, i believe some people are born lucky, but some are not.1234567英漢語思維方式差異英漢語思維方式差異漢語思維漢語思維英語思維英語思維 環(huán)形的，不直接，在主要觀點(diǎn)前作大量鋪墊直線形的，直擊主題 dear teacher,

28、 how are you? now i am a college student. college life is quite different from middle school. it is new for me. i am trying to adjust myself to the new life. dear teacher, when i was at middle school you not only taught me a lot of knowledge, but you influenced me in various ways. i am very grateful

29、. you were very kind to me in various ways. i am very grateful. you were very kind to me just as kind as a father might be. i still remember once you lent your umbrella to me whereas your were caught in the rain as i learnt later. you were generous to me, too. once you invited me over for dinner. i

30、will never forget what you have done for me, and i will keep grateful for what you have done for me. dear teacher, im busy with my study. but i am in bad need of an english-chinese dictionary. i remember you have one. would you let me have it? if you would i will be very thankful. best wishes to you

31、. yours sincerely, li dong壓軸壓軸 dear mr. smith, as you know, i am a student here at peking university. i am enjoying my chinese classes very much but i have a problem and i was wondering if you could help me. i am in need of an english-chinese dictionary and i remember that you have one that you do n

32、ot use. would you be willing to lend it to me? i would really appreciate it. college life is very different from that in high school, but i am having a great time. i have already make some good friends and i feel quite at home in the dorm. thank you very much for your help. sincerly, tom 開門見山開門見山中文思

33、維中文思維英語思維英語思維感性、抽象、玄乎明確描述和具體例證，細(xì)節(jié)、邏輯tips for english writing when describing or explaining things, try to use specific or concrete words whenever possible, for they are vivid, exact and interesting. the weather in early spring is bad. the weather in early spring is cold and wet. he is a nice boy. he

34、 is tall, rich, handsome, humorous, warm-hearted . i wasted a lot of time yesterday. in the morning, it took me two hours to get to my office because i had got into several traffic jams. then i waited for half an hour for the manager to begin a meeting. in the afternoon i had to go to a public lectu

35、re. the speaker talked for three hours but i couldnt make out what his main points were. to chair a meeting , a pretty woman a high mountain, a tall tree, a tall/high window merry/happy christmas, * merry birthday a bit/little sad, *a bit/little happy very pleased * very delighted (absolutely/so) ha

36、ppen 常與令人不愉快的事物(e.g. a car accident)聯(lián)系在一起 provide 的賓語是令人愉快的事物（e.g. help, service, support, money.)不要只記單詞，因?yàn)橛⑽闹胁灰挥泦卧~，因?yàn)橛⑽闹?0%都是固定表達(dá)方式都是固定表達(dá)方式things i hate to dowhatwhygo to the tutorstiring, boringget up earlystay up late at night, havent enough sleeptell liesfeel guiltythings i hate to do i often d

37、o things that i enjoy. however, there are still things that i hate to do. i hate going to the tutors because it is boring and tiring. i often stay up late and i dont get enough sleep. so getting up early is also what i dont like. but the thing i hate most is telling lies. i feel guilty after cheatin

38、g others. i hate being dishonest, and i hope that everyone will be honest to others. (78words)writing is a very demanding task in language learning! by limiting the demands made on the students at any one time and by focusing our attention on the different stages of the process, we have been able to

39、 simplify the task, and increase the students chance of success. (學(xué)過游泳嗎？) thanks for your attention!wjlndaa(b1on-&lufrum1qw1opyh0s$8c63rgfivnw&djkvi#cd)8+g8ltgfjfdgo0v0oncyzb&cmqs1hycs(mffeavvcqmiszbl5wl9h*mcszsgiyjw+rs-et1tic3sjsz8e0ihwv(frs$%ke3iknxr5aixv*zlyoo-umtfurpx8%hd9kcf66q9ouso

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