世紀商務英語閱讀教程第四版(基礎篇1)Unit1課件

1、CENTURY BUSINESS ENGLISH大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社閱讀教程（基礎篇閱讀教程（基礎篇I I）（第四版）（第四版）世紀商務英語世紀商務英語 主編：王洗薇主編：王洗薇Unit One Business L大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Business Language Do you know how native speakers should use English in business contexts and why Chinese is becoming popular in South Korea? You wi

2、ll know the answers after the learning of this unit. Besides, you will also read an introduction to a training course which shows the features of effective English training methods and learn some reading skills about how to guess the meaning of new words from context clues.大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Business

3、 LanguageReading Skill FocusWords and ExpressionsPractical ReadingComprehensive Reading大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus Successful readers use a variety of plans to deal with words they do not know. Theymay study the formation or parts of the word, or they may make use of definition, its synony

4、m or antonym provided by the author to work out its meaning. Determining meaning through context is the most effective method for handling unknown words. Context Clues (1)大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill FocusThat is, examine the sentence in which the word appears, or even the sentence before and aft

5、er the word. When the surrounding text contains a hint or suggestion to help determine the meaning of theunknown word, we refer to this hint or suggestion as context clue. There are commonly sixtypes of context clues:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus1. Inference /General Sense Context Clues（推論/常

6、識）2. Contrast /Antonym Clues（對比/反義）3. Restatement /Synonym Clues（重述/同義）4. Example Clues（示例）5. Cause and Effect Relationship Clues（因果關系）6. Definition Clues（定義） We will discuss the six types of context clues from Unit 1 to Unit 4. In this unit, we willbegin with Inference /General Sense Context Clues

7、and Contrast/Antonym Clues.大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill FocusInference/General Knowledge CluesSometimes a word or phrase is not immediately made clear within the same sentence.Relationships, which are not directly apparent, are implied. The reader must look for clueswithin, before, and after the

8、sentence in which the word is used.Contrast/Antonym CluesIn some sentences, we will find two words with opposite meanings. If we know themeaning of one word, we will be able to guess the meaning of the other word. The cluewords commonly used in the sentences are:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus

9、Clue Wordsbutwhileyetthoughhoweveralthoughneverthelesseven thoughconverselyin spite ofin contrast on the contrarydespiteon the other handPunctuationSemicolon;大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill FocusAGuided PracticeSample 1 As you look down from the tower, you have the panorama of sea, bay, city and cou

10、ntryside. A.real beauty B. great excitement C. whole idea D. complete view Clue: 當“panorama”作為單獨一個詞出現時，你可能猜不出它的意思, 不過當你讀到后面的詞“sea, bay, city”和“countryside”時，通過推理就會猜出它的意思與“視野”有關。因此從所給的四個選項中，可以確定D 為正確選項。大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill FocusSample 2 Elvis Presley was afraid of being assassinated, and h

11、e wore a bullet-proof vest, but hecouldnt stay away from the crowds who loved him. A. laughed at B. killed C. taken away D. beatenClue: 從后面的句子可以分析出Elvis Presley 所擔心的是“be killed”，否則的話，他不會穿上防彈背心(bullet-proof vest)。因此B 為正確選項。大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill FocusSample 3 Some students tried to help, but

12、 some tried to hinder him.Clue: “but”這個線索詞表明“hinder”與“help”的詞義形成對比，由此可以猜出“hinder”這個詞含有“阻止，阻撓”的意思。大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill FocusBLets Try Try to figure out the meaning of the underlined words in the following sentences and explain the clues.1. I cant believe it! Right in the middle of our conv

13、ersation, Peter turned around abruptly and walked out of the room! A. formally B. slowly C. suddenly D. quietly 首先，第一句話表明說話人對于后面發(fā)生的事情感到非常首先，第一句話表明說話人對于后面發(fā)生的事情感到非常驚訝。從第二句話中，我們明白了驚訝。從第二句話中，我們明白了“當我們正在談話時，彼得當我們正在談話時，彼得很唐突地（很唐突地（abruptly）轉身離開了房間）轉身離開了房間”，這就是說話人為什，這就是說話人為什么感到吃驚的原因。選項中最接近這個意思的應該是么感到吃驚的原因。

14、選項中最接近這個意思的應該是C項。項。 Clue:C( )大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社 After the harvest, we had an abundant amount of apples. We made apple pie, applesauce, and apple juice because we had so many apples! A. small B. not enough C. limited D. plentifulD( ) 通過后面句子中的解釋通過后面句子中的解釋“because we had so many apples”，推測出，推測出“蘋果大豐收蘋果

15、大豐收”，因此可以猜出，因此可以猜出“abundant”的意思是的意思是“豐富的，大量的豐富的，大量的”，正確答案，正確答案是是D項。項。 Clue:Reading Skill Focus大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus When Sara was sick, her voice was almost inaudible. We couldnt hear what she was trying to say clearly. A. very loud B. very soft C. very strange D. very shyB( ) 通過前面句子

16、設定的背景（通過前面句子設定的背景（when Sara was sick），），再加上后面句子的描述（再加上后面句子的描述（We couldnt hear what she was trying to say），很顯然，），很顯然，Sara說話的聲音很輕，說話的聲音很輕，B項為正確答案。項為正確答案。 Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus4. There is an optimum way to approach each kind of exam question. For a multiple-choice item, for example

17、, first remove any clearly wrong answers. For an essay question, write down an outline first. A. inconvenient B. best C. annoying D. easyB( ) 后兩句對考試答題的方法進行了講解，根據常識可后兩句對考試答題的方法進行了講解，根據常識可以判斷，這兩種方法應該是比較好的。因此，可以排除以判斷，這兩種方法應該是比較好的。因此，可以排除A，C，D三個選項。三個選項。optimum的意思是的意思是“最優(yōu)的，最佳的最優(yōu)的，最佳的”。 Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工

18、大學出版社Reading Skill Focus The doctor said that there was only a slim hope of survival for the people in the air crash. A. numerous B. considerable C. moderate D. very littleD( ) 根據常識，在空難（根據常識，在空難（air crash）中生還的可能性一）中生還的可能性一般很小，所以，般很小，所以，“醫(yī)生醫(yī)生”表達的意思應該是表達的意思應該是“乘客幸存的乘客幸存的希望渺茫（希望渺茫（only a slim hope of s

19、urvival）” Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus Black clouds, thunder and lightning show that a storm is imminent. A. transient B. about to happen C. coming to an end D. to last longB( ) 根據常識，在空難（根據常識，在空難（air crash）中生還的可能性一）中生還的可能性一般很小，所以，般很小，所以，“醫(yī)生醫(yī)生”表達的意思應該是表達的意思應該是“乘客幸存的乘客幸存的希望渺茫（希望渺茫（only a

20、 slim hope of survival）” Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus They suspended the construction of the bridge during the strike. A. opposed B. supported C. continued D. delayed D( ) 在該句中，非常重要的線索就是在該句中，非常重要的線索就是“strike”這個詞。這個詞。“在工人罷工期間，他們只能推遲（在工人罷工期間，他們只能推遲（suspend）橋梁的建）橋梁的建造。造?！彼裕_答案是選項所以，正確答案

21、是選項D。Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. A. lack of order B. harmony C. peace D. simplicityA( ) 此句中，以信號詞此句中，以信號詞however為線索，可以看出作者為線索，可以看出作者把現在的事情與過去相比。過去是把現在的事情與過去相比。過去是in an orde

22、rly way“秩秩序井然序井然”，而現在是，而現在是“in a state of turmoil”，即沒有秩，即沒有秩序，因此正確答案是選項序，因此正確答案是選項A。Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus During office hour he looked very tense and anxious, but he was very relaxed on weekend. A. unhappy B. nervous C. exhausted D. sickB( ) “but” 這個線索詞表明這個線索詞表明“tense”與與“relaxed

23、”的詞的詞義形成對比，由此可以猜出義形成對比，由此可以猜出“tense”這個詞含有這個詞含有“緊張緊張”的意思。的意思。Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Reading Skill Focus Unlike the well-mannered John, Jim was rather uncouth. A. rude B. polite C. untidy D. informalA( ) “unlike”這個線索詞表明在原句中這個線索詞表明在原句中John和和Jim在行在行為舉止方面是截然相反的，為舉止方面是截然相反的，John彬彬有禮（彬彬有禮（well-mannered），由此

24、可以推測出），由此可以推測出uncouth的意思是的意思是“粗魯粗魯的的”。Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingText A Is Your English Too English? English may be the language of business but as Alison Thomas reports, its not only non-native speakers who need to learn how to use it . Ask a Swedish “Talar du Svenska?”and he may w

25、ell reply“Yes. But only at ernationalinternational a. 國際的，世界的effectivelyeffectively ad. 有效地，有力地executiveexecutive n. 業(yè)務主管 a. 執(zhí)行的 英語是國際商務語言，但是正如艾莉森英語是國際商務語言，但是正如艾莉森托馬斯報道托馬斯報道的，不僅僅是非英語國家的人需要學習如何有效地使用英的，不僅僅是非英語國家的人需要學習如何有效地使用英語。語。 如果問一位瑞典愛立信公司的管理人員：如果問一位瑞典愛立信公司的管理人員：“你講你講瑞典語嗎？瑞典語嗎？”他的回答可能是：他的回答

26、可能是：“講，但只在家里。講，但只在家里。 EricssonEricsson: 愛立信公司, 世界知名的電信供應商和移動通訊供應商；公司總部位于瑞典。大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingAt work I speak English.” Ericsson is one of a growing number of European companies that use English as their official language. These companies recognizeand at the same time increase th

27、e of English as the language of international communication. Soon the number of speakers of English as a second language will exceed that of native English speakers.corporateCorporate 公司的，團體的dominanceDominance 優(yōu)勢，統(tǒng)治（地位）工作時講英語。工作時講英語?！痹絹碓蕉嗟臍W洲公司把英語作為公司的越來越多的歐洲公司把英語作為公司的官方語言，愛立信公司便是其中之一。與此同時，這些公官方語言，愛立

28、信公司便是其中之一。與此同時，這些公司認識并提高了英語作為國際交流語言的統(tǒng)治地位。不久司認識并提高了英語作為國際交流語言的統(tǒng)治地位。不久以后，使用英語作為第二語言的人數將超過母語為英語的以后，使用英語作為第二語言的人數將超過母語為英語的人數。人數。 大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading Although a company might use English as its official language, its employees are unlikely to be . Language trainer, Jacquie Reid, think

29、s we consistently the fluency of non-native speakers. “We always that their language skills are as good as ours, so they understand everything we say.”bilingualbilingual 雙語的overestimateOverestimate 估計，評估assumeassume 假定，設想 盡管公司可以將英語作為它的官方語言，但員工們不可能熟練地掌握兩門語言。語言培訓師夏克雷德認為我們經常會高估了非母語者的流利程度?！拔覀兛偸钦J為因為他們的語言

30、技能與我們一樣好，所以他們能聽懂我們所說的一切。”大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading So how should we our use of language and what are common problems? “Simplify it” is Reids advice. “Dont over-complicate the message. Reduce what youre saying to manageable .” Reid always tells people to limit themselves to one idea per

31、 sentence. “Its also important to slow down and not to raise your voice.”adaptadapt 使適應；改編chunksChunk 語塊；大塊 那么，我們應如何調整語言的運用，有什么常見的問題呢？雷德的建議是“簡化語言”?！安灰寖热葸^于復雜。將你想表達的內容縮減到可以接受的長度?！崩椎驴偸歉嬖V人們每句話只表達一個想法?！胺怕Z速，不提高音量也很重要?！贝筮B理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading Dr. Jasmine Patel, a language at , says differ

32、ent languages also have their own approaches to dialogue. “The British start with I expressions such as So, should we get down to it? And they understate important issues with phrases such as There could be a slight problem.consultantconsultant 顧問，咨詢者idiomaticIdiomatic 慣用的，符合語言習慣的 歐洲電話公司的語言顧問嘉思敏佩頓博士

33、說，不同語言有各自不同的談話方法。英國人開始交談的常用語是，“那么，我們言歸正傳，好嗎？”而且對重要問題輕描淡寫地說：“有個小問題。” EurophoneEurophone: 北美著名無線數據服務公司。大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingThey also say Thats a good idea, but. when they mean No and they repeatedly use the word get with different meanings. And worst of all they insist on using humo

34、ur which is so that no one understands it.”culture-specificculture-specific 文化限定的當他們想說“不”卻說“這是個好主意，但是”。他們重復使用get這個詞，含義卻不同。最糟糕的是，他們堅持使用幽默語言，然而由于幽默文化限定性，外國人無法理解。大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading The majority of English native speakers are to the stress of trying to understand a foreign language

35、in a work environment because they rely on the business world speaking their language. At Ericsson, however, this is not the case. At the UK , Ericsson Telecommunications, management training courses include seminars onboth language and cross-cultural issues.insensitiveinsensitive 感覺遲鈍的，不敏感的subsidia

36、rysubsidiary 子公司 大多數以英語為母語的人對在工作場所理解外語的壓力不敏感，因為他們知道在商界人們都講他們自己的語言。然而，在愛立信公司，情況并非如此。在愛立信電信公司英國子公司，管理培訓課程包括既討論語言也討論跨文化問題的研討會。 大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingA frequent comment made in follow-up is that increased awareness has improved communication and more importantly given participants a bet

37、terunderstanding of their own language and how others might it.evaluationsevaluations 評價interpretinterpret 解釋；口譯在跟蹤評價中經常聽到的評論是，認識的提高改善了溝通，更重要的是讓接受培訓者更好地了解自己的語言以及別人是如何理解的。大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 1 At the very beginning of this unit, youve learned the techniques of guessing the mea

38、ning of unfamiliar words from context clues. Read Text A and choose the most probable meaning for the following words, and explain the clues.1. exceed (Para. 2, Line 7): A. to be fewer than B. to be greater than C. to be better qualified than_B 前一句講到英語作為國際交流語言，其重要性越來前一句講到英語作為國際交流語言，其重要性越來越明顯，因此學習英語的

39、人必然會增加，由此可以推出，越明顯，因此學習英語的人必然會增加，由此可以推出，以英語作為第二語言進行交流的人的數量會超過以英語為以英語作為第二語言進行交流的人的數量會超過以英語為母語的人。母語的人。 Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading over-complicate (Para. 4, Line 3): A. to make something easy B. to make something short and clear C. to make something too difficult to deal withC_ 這是根據反義線

40、索而猜測的詞義。前一句的建議是這是根據反義線索而猜測的詞義。前一句的建議是 simplify，緊接著本句建議，緊接著本句建議dont over-complicate，很明，很明顯，顯，over-complicate應該與應該與simplify 意思相反，因此是使意思相反，因此是使某事物變得過分復雜難以應對的意思。某事物變得過分復雜難以應對的意思。 Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社3. understate (Para. 5, Line 4) : A. to emphasize a statement, fact, or idea B. to describe something

41、in a way that makes it seem less important than it really is C. to say something in a strong wayB_ 整句話的意思是，英國人將重要的問題說成是整句話的意思是，英國人將重要的問題說成是“有可有可能有一個小問題能有一個小問題”，因此可以推斷，因此可以推斷，understate的意思是的意思是“有意往少了說，輕描淡寫有意往少了說，輕描淡寫”。 Clue:Comprehensive Reading大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社 seminar (Para. 6, Line 5) : A. Class

42、B. event C. promotionA_ training course “培訓課程培訓課程”包括的一定是包括的一定是“課課”，因此可以推斷正確選型是因此可以推斷正確選型是A。該詞的詞義是。該詞的詞義是“研討班課程，研討班課程，研討會研討會”。 Clue:Comprehensive Reading大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社5. improve (Para. 6, Line 7) : A. to make something difficult B. to make something less important C. to make something betterCompr

43、ehensive ReadingC_ improved communication 前面是前面是increased awareness“提高了的意識提高了的意識”，后面是，后面是better understanding“更好的理解更好的理解”，因此，因此improve的意思一定的意思一定也是也是“改善，變得更好改善，變得更好”。 Clue:大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Task 2 Choose the best answer for each of the following questions according to Text A. What may “Talar du Svens

44、ka” mean？ A. Do you speak Swedish? B. Do you speak English? C. Can you speak English? D. Do you use a computer?( )AComprehensive Reading大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社2. Why do many companies use English as their official corporate language?A. The employees can only speak English.B. They want to do business with

45、 native English speakers.C. The number of speakers of English is large.D. English is the dominant language in international business.( )DComprehensive Reading大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社 Jacquie Reid suggests native speakers adapt their use of language and gives the following advices except that . A. they sho

46、uld raise their voice and speak loudly B. they should speak slowly C. they should use simple language D. they should express one idea in one sentenceA_Comprehensive Reading大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社4. Which of the following statements is NOT true？ A. A foreigner may not understand the humour used by the Bri

47、tish. B. The British tend not to say No when they mean No. C. Most British understand foreigners difficulty in using English. D. Its advisable to speak simple sentences to non-native English speakers.( )CComprehensive Reading大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社 What do the British really mean when they say “Thats a g

48、ood idea, but.”? A. They do think its a good idea. B. They reluctantly agree with you. C. They dont think its a good idea. D. They want to discuss the idea with you.Comprehensive Reading( )C大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading At the Ericsson Telecommunications, . A. seminars on language is inclu

49、ded in management training courses in that managers cant speak English B. seminars on language and cultural issues prove to be useful. C. participants of the seminars have learnt how to interpret other languages D. participants of the seminars are evaluated to see if they have improved their communi

50、cation skillsB_大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading What is the main idea of the passage？ A. More and more people throughout the world will learn to speak English. B. People will learn to speak English better to communicate with native-speakers. C. Effective business communication depends on good

51、 understanding of both language and culture. D. Its necessary to learn English grammar well.( )C大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 3 Word Formation Learning Suffix（1）Learning some knowledge about Word Formation can be very helpful for you to guess the meaning of a new word in a passage. In

52、this book you will learn the basic rules of wordformation, including suffixes, prefixes, and compound words. In this unit, we will begin with Suffix. Suffix is an affix added to the end of a word or stem, serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending. The following suffixes can

53、 be found in the text.大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingSuffixMeaningExamples-ive / ative(in nouns or adjectives) (a person or thing)showing the ability to perform the activity represented by the verb表示有能力實施某一動作的人或物，或具有性質的有作用的relative,representative,active, decorative-tion(in nouns) an action,

54、condition, process or consequence due to action 表示行為、情況、狀態(tài)、行為的過程、結果，或由行為而產生的事物attention, perception,reduction, description大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社SuffixMeaningExamples-ly(in adverbs) in the way mentioned以方式greatly, obviously,finally, casually-able(in adjectives) that you can do something to 表示“可以的”或“能夠的”s

55、uitable, believable,unbreakable, enjoyableComprehensive Reading大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingNow, read Text A carefully, locate the words in the text that contain one of the above-mentioned suffixes, and tell the part of speech and the meaning of each word.1. -ive/ative (Para. 1, Line 2) (P

56、ara. 1, Line 3) (Para. 2, Line 1) (Para. 6, Line 1)native _ effectively _ executive _ insensitive _ 2. -tion (Para. 2, Line 6) (Para. 6, Line 7)communication _ evaluation _大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading3. -ly (Para. 1, Line 3) (Para. 3, Line 2) (Para. 3, Line 3) (Para. 5, Line 6) (Para. 6,

57、Line 8)effectively _ unlikely _ consistently _ repeatedly _ 4. -able (Para. 4, Line 3) importantly _manageable _大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 4 Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. A successful company must be to the changing business environ

58、ment.(adapt)2. Nowadays businesses have to be able to compete . (international)3. She didnt want to work for a large where everything was so impersonal.(corporate)adaptable _ internationally _corporation _大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading He has won wide in the field of telecommunication techn

59、ology.(recognize) The manager is , and you can just talk to him if you want to take part in the project. (approach) A lot of people make the that poverty does not exist in the developed countries. (assume)recognition _approachable _assumption _大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive Reading In my a lot of o

60、ther banks are going to have the same problem. (estimate) We need to set up a committee to deal with Public Relations Crisis.(consult)estimation _estimation _大連理工大學出版社大連理工大學出版社Comprehensive ReadingTask 5 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.Interpret bilingu