納米科學(xué)與納米技術(shù)進(jìn)展與應(yīng)用1

1、emersonvralph waldo emerson (18031882)vamerican essayist, philosopher, and poet vplace of birth: boston, massachusetts vknown as: the leader of the american literary movement of transcendentalism, which rejected the conventions of formal religion and argued that one can achieve spirituality through

2、intuition and connection with nature vmilestones v1821 graduated from harvard university v 1829 was ordained as a unitarian minister, but left the church in 1832 due to philosophical differences with the religion v 1832-1833 in europe, met british writers samuel taylor coleridge, william wordsworth,

3、 and thomas carlyle, and began a lifelong correspondence with the latter v 1834 moved to concord, massachusetts, and developed a circle of literary friends, including nathaniel hawthorne, henry david thoreau v1836 anonymously published his first book, nature, a long philosophical essay that establis

4、hed his transcendentalist views v1837 delivered his american scholar lecturev 1838 delivered the “address at divinity college” v 1841 published his first series of essays, which included “self-reliance,” “prudence,” and “friendship” v 1842-1844 edited the dial, a transcendentalist journal v1846 publ

5、ished poemsvwhy should we grope among the dry bones of the past, or put the living generation into masquerade out of its faded wardrobe? the sun shines today also. there is more wool and flax in the fields. there are new lands, new men, new thoughts. let us demand our own works and laws and worship.

6、 v -ralph waldo emerson v (from “introduction” of nature)vtranscendentalism, vin philosophy and literature, refers to the belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience or in a higher kind of knowledge than that achieved by human reason. vin its most specific usage, transcendentalism

7、 refers to a literary and philosophical movement that developed in the u.s. in the first half of the 19th century. it was strongly influenced by deism. transcendentalism was a rejection of the strict puritan religious attitudes. the transcendentalists were deeply influenced by romanticism, especiall

8、y such aspects as self-examination, the celebration of individualism, and the extolling of the beauties of nature and humankind. consequently, transcendentalist writers expressed semi-religious feelings toward nature, and saw a direct connection, or correspondence, between the universe (macrocosm) a

9、nd the individual soul (microcosm). in this view, divinity permeated all objects, animate or inanimate, and the purpose of human life was union with the so-called over-soul. vintuition, rather than reason, was regarded as the highest human faculty. fulfillment of human potential could be accomplishe

10、d through mysticism or through an acute awareness of the beauty and truth of the surrounding natural world. vtranscendentalists believed that god is inherent in nature and in human beings and that each individual has to rely on his or her own conscience and intuition for spiritual truths. major concepts of transcendentalismv1. it stressed the power of intuition.v2. it placed spirit first and matter second.v3.