不定式動名詞和分詞的區(qū)別基礎教資

1、不定式和動名詞作主語區(qū)別1.含義上的不同。 不定式一般表示特定的，具體的行為，特別是表示將來的，或一次性的行為。如： to write a new book about medicine is his wish. 寫一部醫(yī)學方面的新書是他的愿望。（將來的動作） it took me two hours to finish this work today. (表示一次性的動作) 動名詞表示一般的事實 raising pigs is her job. 養(yǎng)豬是她的工作。2. 結構上的不同。 在一些固定的句子中 動名詞 its no use doing it is useless doing 做 無用

2、 its no good doing its no help doing 做 無用，無益 there be 句型 there is no joking about such matter. 不定式it isnt easy to do i have no time to do 不定式復合結構 it is + adj.+ of/for sb + to do it is very kind of you to help me. 代詞+不定式結構 marys coming late made him angry. 疑問詞+不定式 where to hold the meeting has not be

3、en decided. its time for sb to do3. 主語和表語同時使用要一致 to live is to learn. reading is learning.不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語區(qū)別1.動名詞和不定式相當于一個名詞，分詞相當于一個形容詞。2.不定式、動名詞與分詞作表語的區(qū)別。不定式和動名詞作表語相當于一個名詞作表語，含義是回答主語“是什么”；分詞作表語相當于形容詞作表語，含義是回答主語“怎么樣”。如：   our plan is to keep the affair secre

4、t.  我們的計劃是讓這件事成為秘密。（主語和表語是相等的）   their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.  他們的工作是為殘疾人制造輪椅。（主語和表語是相等的）   the music they are playing sounds exciting.  他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。（主語并不等于表語

5、）  3. 不定式和動名詞作表語的區(qū)別。不定式和動名詞作表語雖都是用于回答主語“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些區(qū)別。不定式作表語強調的是一次性、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動作；動名詞作表語強調的是一般性、抽象的、經常發(fā)生的動作。(跟主語一樣) his job is to paint the walls.  他的工作是粉刷這些墻。（一次性的，具體的，目前要做的事情，并不是他日常的工作）   his job is painting walls

6、.  他的工作是粉刷墻。（這是他日常的工作）4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的特征或屬性；動名詞作表語表示主語的內容、功能等。the news is exciting. (現(xiàn)在分詞表特征） the story sounds interesting. (現(xiàn)在分詞表特征）her work is nursing children. （動名詞表內容） her favorite job is teaching english. (動名詞表內容）不定式、動名詞作賓語動名詞：enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 spend.doing sth. 花費做某事 be busy doing

7、 sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 練習做某事miss doing sth. 錯過做某事suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（繼續(xù)）做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考慮做某事?？冀樵~

8、: at, in, on， of, off, for, from， up, about, without， to 等等be good at doing sth 擅長做某事 be interested in doing sth.對做某事感興趣 insist on doing 堅持做某事be used for doing sth. 被用來做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 謝謝某人做某事be tired of doing sth. 厭煩做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 put off doing 推遲做某事stop sb. from doin

9、g sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放棄做某事without doing sth. 沒有做某事think about doing sth. 考慮做某事what how about doing 做某事怎么樣?look forward to doing sth.（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意） be used to doing sth. （習慣于） prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于）make a contribution to doing(做貢獻）

10、不定式：decide to do sth. 決定做某事want would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 計劃做某need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用來做cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事 used to do 過去常常做某事fail to do 未能做某事happen, wish, hope, refuse, offer, learn, agree不定式、

11、動名詞和分詞作賓語補足語的區(qū)別：不定式：ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 promise sb. to do 答應某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告誡某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.

12、允許某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事省略to 的不定式：使役動詞和感官動詞后：一感二聽三讓四看 feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see, watch, noticeo had better （not）do sth. 最好(不)做o why not /why dont you do sth為什么不做?o help sb.（to）do stho would rather寧愿做would rather do a than (do) bo

13、 would you pleaseo 情態(tài)動詞+do，助動詞+do區(qū)別：see sb. doing/ do sth.hear sb. doing/ do sth.watch sb. doing/ do sth.notice sb. doing/ do sth.感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel+ do表示動作的完整性，+doing 表示動作的進行性。注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。i cant understand his behaving like that. his behaving 名詞所有格或者物主代詞+動名詞i

14、 saw him standing there. they found the story amusing. 名詞或人稱代詞的賓格+現(xiàn)在分詞不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語的區(qū)別：1、動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的作用、用途等，常常放在所修飾名詞之前；i want to join the story telling club. flying suit = suit for flying 飛行衣a walking stick a swimming pool a sleeping car2、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示它所修飾的名詞的動作，被修飾名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主謂關系，說明所修飾的詞、所代表的人或物所做的

15、動作或特征；單個分詞作定語，位于所修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞之后。flying fish = fish which can fly 飛魚 the walking man the swimming girl the sleeping boy3.不定式作定語時，應放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關系(1)動賓關系 i have a lot of work to do. (2)主謂關系 he is always the first to come. (3)同位關系 we all have a chance to go to coll

16、ege.不定式、動名詞和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別:1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。 they stood by the roadside talking about the plan他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨) they stood by the roadside to talk about the plan他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的) 2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。 reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在專心讀書

17、，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因) reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔細讀書時發(fā)現(xiàn)了些從前不知道的東西。(時間) reading carefully，you'll learn something new只要你仔細閱讀，你會學到一些新的東西。(條件) his family was too poor to support him他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結果) the boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf這男孩個子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結果) we are glad to hear the news我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因) 注：在do nothinganythingeverything but(except)結構中。例