全國高考匯編閱讀之社會生活類

1、2018 全國高考匯編閱讀之社會生活類一（ 2018 安徽卷）cyou are the collector in the gallery of your life. you collect. you might not mean to but you do. one out of three people collects tangible （有形的） things such as cats, photos and noisy toys.there are among some 40 collections that are being shown at“ the museumof” the

2、first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. in doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.some of the collections are fairly common records, model houses. others are strang

3、ely beautiful branches that have fallen from tree, for example. but they all reveal （顯露） a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.other on the way include “ the museum of collectors ” and “ the museum of me.” these new ones, it is hoped, will build

4、on the success of“the museum of.the thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. they hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.some collectors say they started or stopped making collection

5、s at important point: the beginning or end of adolescence “ it s a grow-uinpgthing; you stop when you grow up, ” says one. other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. for time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial （順序排列的） arrangement is comforting.64. how

6、 will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?a. by collecting more tangible things.b. by showing what ordinary people have collected.c. by correcting what museums normally represent.d. by accumulating 40 collections two years from now.65. what can be learned about collectors from their

7、 collections?a. who they are.b. how old they are.c.where they were born.d. why they might not mean to collect.66. which of the following is an aim of the new museums?a. to help people sell their collections.b. to encourage more people to collect.c. to study the significance of collecting.d. to find

8、out why people visit museums.67. according to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they a. become adultsb. feel happy with lifec. are ready for a relationshipd. feel time to he uncontrollable【考點】考察社會生活類閱讀【文章大意】本文介紹了一種新型的收藏模式：普通人自己收藏一些很零碎的東 西。這和以前的常規(guī)的收藏形式不一樣，介紹了這一收藏模式的特點和意義。64 .【答案】b【試

9、題解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章1,2段you are the collector in the gallery of your life. you collect. you might not mean to but you do. 和 there are among some 40 collections that are being shown at“the museumho fi rst-of severalnew museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown co

10、llectors 可知這是一種新型的收藏方式， 展示的是很 多普通人的收藏品，這會讓這些新型的博物館顯得很流行。故 b正確。65 .【答案】a【試題解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二行but they all reveal （顯露）a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who theyare.可知在這樣的展覽里可以得知 who they are。也就是誰在搞這樣的收藏。故 a 正確，其余bcd 三項沒有提及。66 . 【答案】 c【試題解析】推理題。 根據(jù)文章第四段2,3 行

11、the thinkers behind the project wantto explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. they hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect. 他們希望人們能夠探索他們收藏這些東西的意義，明白他們這樣做的原因。也就是說讓他們知道收藏的重要性。故c 正確。67 . 【答案】 a【試題解析】 細節(jié)題。 根據(jù)文章最后一段1,2 行 s

12、ome collectors say they startedor stopped making collections at important point: the beginning or end of adolescence “ it s a grow-uinpgthing; you stop when you grow up, ” says one. 可知當人們青春期結(jié)束的時候， 他們就不再這樣做了， 也就是說當他們成年以后， 他們就不要這樣做了。故a 正確。二（ 2018 安徽卷）eyou may not have heard of ashoka, but for the past

13、 27 years,this association, founded by bill drayton, has fought poverty （ 貧窮 ）and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. to support these worthy causes, ashoka provides money for the world's most promising "changemakers" seeking to solve （解決 ） urgent problems and

14、 would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. the important thing is to simply give yourself permission. if you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. the young in particular are willing to accept

15、 this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. in fact it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. an excellent example is an ashoka project started in 1995 in dhaka, which handled the

16、rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .when masqsood and iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in dhaka' s streets,attracting tats and disease , theydiscovered that 80% of it was natural waste . so

17、 they educated the poor people in the city to compost （ 把制成堆糞）this waste . they knew that they wouldhave a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers （ 化月巴）which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . at first

18、 , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. in 2009 sales were $14,000.drayton is optimistic that in ten years ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we lo

19、ok at economic development.72. which of the following could be the best title for the passage?a. changemakersb. businessmenc. social conditionsd.rubbish problem73. the underlined word "them" in paragraph 3 probably refers to" "a. the local farmersb. masqsood and iftekharc. drayto

20、n and his teamd. the poor people in dhaka74. it can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he a. considers drayton's conceptb. gets permission from ashokac. tries to improve social conditionsd. is a young, happy and healthy adult75. the authors attitude towards ash

21、oka's program can be described as a. changing b. forgiving c. cautious d. positive【考點】考察社會生活類閱讀【文章大意】本文介紹了一個公益組織 ashoka 組織人們和貧窮做斗志，促進教育事業(yè)，鼓勵人們做小生意，讓每個人都成為變化產(chǎn)生的人。并舉例進行說明?！敬鸢浮?a【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段his association, founded by billdrayton, has fought poverty （貧窮 ）and sickness, promoted education and

22、encouraged small businesses. to support these worthy causes, ashoka provides money for the world's most promising "changemakers" 可知作者向我 們介紹了 ashoka ， 這個組織和貧窮做斗志， 促進教育事業(yè)， 鼓勵人們做小生意， 讓每個人都成為變化產(chǎn)生的人。 接著文章介紹了這個組織所做的一些事情。 這個 組織才是真正的 changemakers 。故 a 項正確。73. 【答案】 d【試題解析】 推理題。 根據(jù)文章第三段they knew

23、 that they would have a marketfor the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers （ 化肥 ） which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . 可知 masqsood 和 iftekhar 讓當?shù)厝税牙兂煞柿?，可以解決他們購買化肥的問題，開始的時候人們拒絕了他們。但是當他們知道這樣可以掙錢的時候就開始做了。這里的them

24、 應(yīng)該是指當?shù)氐母F人。故d 正確。74. 【答案】 c【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第二段前三行the important thing is to simply giveyourself permission. if you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. the young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contrib

25、uting adult. in fact it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. 可知只要你愿意解決你所關(guān)心的問題，只要能夠 提高社會生活的條件，你就可以成為 changemakers 。故 c 正確。75. 【答案】 d【試題解析】推理題。提高文章最后 2 兩段中介紹 ashoka 所組織的把垃圾變成肥料獲得成功的故事告訴我們作者認為 ashoka 的活動是有意義的， 所以對它的態(tài)度也是積極的。故d 正確?！鹃L難句解析】y

26、ou may not have heard of ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by bill drayton, has fought poverty （ 貧窮 ）and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses.【翻譯】 你也許沒有聽說過ashoka ， 但是在過去的 27 年里， 這個由 bill drayton成立的組織一直都在和貧窮和疾病做斗志，促進教育和鼓勵人們做小生意?！痉治觥勘揪漭^長，句中時間狀語for the

27、past 27 years 通常都是和現(xiàn)在完成時連用。另外句中的過去分詞短語founded by bill drayton 做定語修飾前面的名詞association ， 因為兩者之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系， 所以使用過去分詞的形式， 相當于定 語從句 which was association.三（ 2018 北京卷）cchoosing the right resolution （ 決定 ）millions of americans began 2018 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight.

28、however, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.to reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input （ 輸入 ）. that is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. this is a bad way to construce goals. the alternative is to focus your resol

29、ution on the input. instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution:“ i ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “ i ll walk ever20 minutes. ” creating a goal that focuses on a wel-lspecified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.recently a new science b

30、ehind incentives （ 激勵 ） , including in education, has been discussed. for example, researcher roland fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. in some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentiv

31、es were based on output, like results on exams. his mainfinding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. fryer s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam, asidefrom general rul

32、es like“ study harder. ” reading certain books, on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control.as long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. and it s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need

33、to do.if you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. this is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. spending less money isn t a goal because it s too general. similarly,

34、if you want to spend more time with your family, don t stop with this general wish.think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every wednesday.in the long run, these new goals could become a habit.63. the writer thinks that setting weight loss as a go

35、al is a mistake becausea. it is hard to achieve for most americansb. it is focused too much on the resultc. it is dependent on too many thingsd. it is based on actionable decisions64. in roland fryer rsesearch, some students did better than the others because .a. they obeyed all the general rulesb.

36、they paid more attention to examsc. they were motivated by their classmatesd. they were rewarded for reading some books65. according to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?a. “ i ll give up desert.b. “ i ll study harder.c. “ i ll cut down my expense”d. “ i ll spend more time

37、 with my family66. the writer strongly believes that we should .a. develop good habits and focus on the outcomeb. be optimistic about final goals and stick to themc. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsd. set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output 【考點】考察社會生活類閱讀【文章

38、大意】 人們總是為自己的減肥設(shè)立目標， 但是又總是無法成功。 作者告訴我們那是愿望我們只關(guān)注了輸出， 而忽視了輸入的影響。 同時作者還通過實驗告 訴我們要養(yǎng)成采取行動的習慣。63. 【答案】 b【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段1,2 行 to reach our goal of losing weight- the output, we need to control what we eat - the input （ 輸入 ）. that is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. 可知為了實現(xiàn)我們減

39、肥 的目的，我們需要控制我們的輸入，而不是只關(guān)注結(jié)果（輸出）。這就是我們只為自己設(shè)立減肥的目標的錯誤所在：只注意結(jié)果。故b 正確。64. 【答案】 d【試題解析】 推理題。 根據(jù)文章第三段4,5 行 his main finding was that incentivesincreased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. 可知 當以輸入為基礎(chǔ)的時候，激勵會有很好的結(jié)果。再根據(jù)第三段2,3 行 in somecases, he gave students incentives based on input,

40、 like reading certain books 可知針對輸入的激勵是讓他們讀書。 故 d 項說法： 獎勵他們讀書是有效的。 故 d 正確。65. 【答案】 a【試題解析】 推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知要想減肥， 很重要的是控制住我們的輸入。選項里的a項："i ' ll give up desert.我將放棄甜點。這就屬于控制輸入。 故 a 正確。66. 【答案】 c【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句 think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family

41、 movie night everywednesday. 可知作者建議我們快樂那些我們能夠采納也能夠堅持的行動習慣。也就是說作者認為我們要采取一些能夠成為習慣的行動。故c 正確?！鹃L難句解析】to reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat- the input （ 輸入 ）.【翻譯】為了實現(xiàn)我們減肥的目標 輸出，我們需要控制我們吃的東西 輸入?！痉治觥勘揪渲械牟欢ㄊ絫o reach our goal of losing weight 在句中充當?shù)氖悄康臓钫Z，后面的主句中有一個動詞 c

42、ontrol 的賓語從句 what we eat ， what 引導(dǎo) 起這個賓語從句，并在句中充當 eat 的賓語。四（ 2018 大綱卷）aarriving in sydney on his own from india, my husband, rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.during the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping.he came

43、 back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. he was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport （護照） .he reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting

44、 all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.late in the evening, the phone rang. it was a stranger. he was trying to pronounce my husband s name and was asking him a lot of questions. then h e said they had found a pile of papers in their trash

45、can （垃圾桶） that had been left out on the footpath.my husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents （文件） . their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found

46、mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. at last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.that family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. we still

47、 remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.56. what did rashid plan to do after his arrival in sydney?a. go shoppingb. find a housec. join his familyd. take his family57. the girl s parents got rashid s phone number from.a. a friend of his familyb. a sydney policemanc. a letter in

48、 his papersd. a stranger in sydney58. what does the underlined word“ restored ” in the last paragraph mean?a. showedb. sent outc. deliveredd. gave back59. which of the following can be the best title for the text?a. from india to australia.b. living in a new country.c. turning trash to treasure.d. i

49、n search of new friends.【考點】考察社會生活類閱讀【文章大意】正所謂：山窮水復(fù)疑無路，柳暗花明又一村。我的丈夫到了悉尼以后， 裝有重要文件的箱子被偷掉了。 我的丈夫束手無策， 突然有人主動把丟失的文件送還過來，讓我們對別人重新有了信任。1. 【答案】 b【試題解析】 細節(jié)題。 根據(jù)文章第一段arriving in sydney on his own from india,my husband, rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking f

50、or a house for me and our children. 中的 while looking for a house for me and our children 可知我的丈夫到了悉尼稍作停留之后就開始為我和孩子找房子了。說明找房子是丈夫計劃要做的事情。故b 正確。2. 【答案】 c【試題解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段后 3 行 her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. at last

51、they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which myhusband had given his new telephone number to a friend. 孩子的父母親仔細把這些文件進行分類， 盡管里面有很多他們不熟悉的外國地址。 最后他們找到了 “ a half-written letter 一封寫了一半的信，信里有丈夫給朋友的電話號碼。根據(jù)電話 ”號碼他們找到了我的丈夫。故c 項正確。3. 【答案】 d【試題解析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)本句 that family not only restored the importa

52、nt documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people 這個家 庭不僅僅把這些重要的文件歸還給我們， 而且還把對人的信任歸還了我們。 再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句 my husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. 說明restore 表示歸還。故c 正確。4. 【答案】 c【試題解析】 主旨大意題。 本文敘述了作者的丈夫到悉尼， 裝有重要文件的箱子被偷掉了。 在他萬般無奈的

53、情況下， 有人主動聯(lián)系他， 并歸還他丟失的重要文件。這些重要的文件在別人看來都不重要， 但是對于丈夫來說卻是萬分重要。 選項中的 c 項能夠說明文章的中心思想。故c 正確?！鹃L難句解析】1 .he came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.【翻譯】那天下午當他回來的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的手提箱不見了。【分析】本句中的不定式在句中充當?shù)氖墙Y(jié)果狀語，通常和 only 連用表示意料之外的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在分詞在句中做狀語，通常表示意料之中的結(jié)果。2. that family not only restored t

54、he important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.【翻譯】那家人不僅僅歸還了這些重要的文件而且還歸還了我們對人的信任。【分析】本句中的謂語部分是由not only - -.but also組成的一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)。要注意當 not only 放在句首的時候，要使用部分倒裝的形式。本句可以改為： notonly did the family restore the important documents to us that day but also restored our fa

55、ith and trust in people.五（ 2018 福建卷）it was mother s day morning last year and i was doing my shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, tenyson. as we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concr

56、ete. her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.walking towards the scene, tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. he said to me,“ mum, it ' s not much fun falling over infront of everyone. ”at the front of

57、 the supermarket a charity（ 慈善）group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower."it will make her feel bets0rd. i was am azedthat he ' d come up with such a sweet idea. so we went over to the flower seller an

58、d asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“just take it,she replied. "i can ' t take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”by now paramedics （救援人員）had arrived, and were attending the injured woman. as we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. he said he was just too scared to go up to her.instead i gave the flower to the woman' s husband and told him, “ my son wasvery upset for your wife