高中英語(yǔ)句子成分分析

1、句子成分 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) subject 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) predicate 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) object 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) predicative 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) complement 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) attribute 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) adverbial 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) appositive1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)謂謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)定定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)同同位位語(yǔ)語(yǔ)狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see

2、 is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ): 可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞, 主格代詞主格代詞,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式不定式, 動(dòng)名詞等等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。動(dòng)名詞等等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。名詞名詞主格代詞主格代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞the + 形形容詞容詞句子句子謂語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ): 簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組或動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 一一般在主語(yǔ)之后。般在主語(yǔ)之后。 I saw the flag

3、on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)復(fù)合謂語(yǔ) 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞; He can speak English well. She has finished the homework. I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.He asked where he was.（三）賓語(yǔ)（三）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的接受者，一般在謂語(yǔ)后賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的接受者，一般在謂語(yǔ)后面面 賓語(yǔ)分

4、為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指直接賓語(yǔ)指物物,間接賓語(yǔ)指人間接賓語(yǔ)指人. He gave me some books.間接間接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)直接直接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.(四)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 位于位于賓語(yǔ)之后賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you hear Tom singing? He made himself understood. She asked me to l

5、end her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.形容詞形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)副詞副詞名詞名詞(五)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) He is a clever boy. They are building a stone bridge. There are 54 students in our class. Do you known Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills.

6、 There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.(形容詞形容詞)(名詞名詞)(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格名詞的所有格)(動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)(過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞)(副詞副詞)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke ju

7、st now?There is nothing interesting in this book.（六）狀語(yǔ)（六）狀語(yǔ) 用于修飾形容詞用于修飾形容詞,副詞副詞,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或介詞短語(yǔ)或句子句子.可表示時(shí)間可表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn),原因原因,結(jié)果結(jié)果,目的目的,方方式式,伴隨伴隨,條件條件,程度程度,讓步讓步,頻率等頻率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the

8、train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.（七）表語(yǔ)（七）表語(yǔ) 在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: Be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 (

9、am, is, are) 感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 變化系動(dòng)詞變化系動(dòng)詞 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is w

10、hat I need. The apple tastes good.八、同位語(yǔ)八、同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)同等位置時(shí), 一個(gè)句子成分一個(gè)句子成分用來(lái)說(shuō)明和解釋用來(lái)說(shuō)明和解釋另一個(gè)句子成分另一個(gè)句子成分, 這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)。We students should study hard. (students是是we的同位語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ), 都是指同一批都是指同一批“學(xué)生學(xué)生”)We all are students. (all是是we的同位語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ), 都指同樣的都指同樣的“我們我們”)句子分類(lèi)句子

11、分類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用連詞連接而成。單句用連詞連接而成。如：如：and, but, or, so等等定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句名詞性從句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）組成的句子謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）組成的句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.五大基本句型五大基本句型 一一: (主謂主謂)

12、二二: (主系表主系表) 三三: (主謂賓主謂賓) 四四: (主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓) 五五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓賓補(bǔ))基本句型基本句型 一一: :( (主謂主謂) )謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ):不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ), 形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如如: We come.( (不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞) )1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly基本句型二：基本句型二：( (是系動(dòng)詞是

13、系動(dòng)詞) ) ( (表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)) ) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 基本句型基本句型 三三: : ( (主謂賓主謂賓) )此句型的此句型的特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,必須必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)跟有一個(gè)

14、賓語(yǔ), 即動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。( (及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞)( (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) )1. Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken. 基本句型基本句型 四四: : ( (主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓) )有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ), e.g. give/pass/bring/show。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人指人(間

15、接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)); 一個(gè)指物一個(gè)指物(直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ))。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth= give sth to sb( (及物及物)( (多指人多指人)( (多指物多指物) ) She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how t

16、o run the machine. 基本句型基本句型 五五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主謂賓賓補(bǔ))此句型的此句型的特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)是是: 動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞, 但是只跟一個(gè)但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思, 必須加上一個(gè)必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ), 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 位于位于賓語(yǔ)之后賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。可以用作可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有名詞賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有名詞, 形容詞形容詞, 不定式不定式,動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞, 分詞分詞, 介詞短語(yǔ)等。介詞短語(yǔ)等。 常用賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞常用賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 且賓補(bǔ)為不

17、帶且賓補(bǔ)為不帶to不定式不定式 1感感,feel 2聽(tīng)聽(tīng),hear ,listen to 3 讓讓,let ,make ,have4看看,see, look at ,watch, notice ,observe （其實(shí)是五看）（其實(shí)是五看）半幫助半幫助 help 賓補(bǔ)既可以帶賓補(bǔ)既可以帶to也可以不帶也可以不帶The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat

18、 running across the road.名詞名詞形容詞形容詞介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 (及物及物) (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) (賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)) 1. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. a. b. c. d. e. 1. Pleas tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job is to train swim

19、mers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabecExercises:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) You are a student. He felt happy today. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music.劃分句子成分劃分句子成分 You will tell yo