托福名詞(必須講)

1、A.重要的可數(shù)名詞discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance,population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal,insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature,picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device,structure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind,resource, source, origin,

2、 pioneer, automobile, purpose,style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, typeB. 常見的不可數(shù)名詞 poem jewel a of furniture, luggage, clothing, equipment, poetry, jewelry,machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge,homework, evidence (that), foliage, advertising, healthC. 常見的不規(guī)則名詞 be based

3、on *tooth, foot 一定錯 a man teacher ; 2 men teachers man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese,basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes,hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-laver,fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media,bacterium-bacteria, spectrum-sp

4、ectra, mouse-mice,child-children = people , phenomenon-phenomenaD常見的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞aircraft, spacecraft 等 craft結(jié)尾的詞 （an aircraft / ten aircraft）species, series, means(mean不加s不是名詞) (a species / ten species )sheep, deer, trout（鱒魚）, carp（鯉魚）, salmon, fish-（two fish / a fish）推薦精選1. 物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)：water, coal, rain, s

5、teel, sunlight = U nouns( excessive rains: 過量的雨水；a heavy rain 一場大雨；the rains: 雨季) 2. 抽象名詞不可數(shù)evidence證據(jù)不可數(shù)，intelligence 不可數(shù)， advice 建議皆不可數(shù)3. 學(xué)科不可數(shù)mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics,mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry,philosophy, biology, history, ecology 4. 疾病不可數(shù): me

6、asles, mumps(腮腺炎) , diabetes(糖尿病)5. 總稱不可數(shù) machinery； weaponry； citizenry 魚類一般單復(fù)同形6. 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)意義有差異的名詞（可以不講）sky-skies(氣候) water-waters(水系，永遠不錯)good-goods(貨物) part-parts(才能)custom=customs(海關(guān)) spectacle(風(fēng)景)-spectacles(眼鏡)letter-letters(文人) arm-arms(武器)force-forces (武裝力量)7. 即可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞推薦精選不可數(shù) 可數(shù)paper 紙 文件rock

7、 碎巖 塊巖brick 磚料， 磚塊Stone: 石料， 石頭sugar 砂糖 方糖work 作品；工作 著作；工廠，工程，工事room 空間 房間time 時間 倍數(shù)，時代* art： art 泛指藝術(shù) 不可數(shù)一種藝術(shù) an art各種各樣的藝術(shù) artseighteen pieces of paper 十八張紙eighteen newspapers 十八種報紙此類：強調(diào)種類就屬于可數(shù)二、名詞作定語的單復(fù)數(shù)問題 a man teacher/ two men teachers(A)名詞作主語，即noun.修飾noun.,前面的名詞必須是單數(shù)color effects, employment a

8、gencies, sentence forms, tree trunks（干）例外：a sales girl, a sales taxa greetings card, a sports cara savings bank, a communications satellite推薦精選a systems engineering, surroundings, clothes (B)man或woman修飾noun.時，其單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該同時變a woman boxer-women boxers, men teachers (C)表示某一學(xué)科的教授、學(xué)生、教科書、實驗室.時，只能用學(xué)科名本身修飾a mat

9、hematical professor 錯 a mathematics professora biological textbook 錯: a biology textbook the chemical lab 錯 a chemistry lab the highest science award 錯a mathematical model 對三、重要的限定詞: 用在名詞前面(A) many + 復(fù)數(shù)men, people, books much + 不可數(shù)n time, water 看見many 去找復(fù)數(shù)名詞We have as many students as26. You can tak

10、e as many students as you like. as much as 50 percent of the money不可數(shù) 不可數(shù)many和much可為代詞many of., much of., .by many(B)some, any 后跟單/復(fù)數(shù), 不可數(shù)/可數(shù) 均可some object 某一物體推薦精選some objects 一些物體some money 一些錢 some time 也可作代詞：some of., any of.(C)few/a few, little/a littlefew students / a few students a little Eng

11、lish, little water +可數(shù) +不可數(shù)few+復(fù)數(shù)(D)every/each + 單可each major styles 錯each ten boys 對every four years 對(E)數(shù)詞/several + 復(fù)數(shù)five aircraft 對several setting 錯(F)one of/among + 復(fù)數(shù)* be considered (to be) +noun./adj.be regarded asbe viewed as(G)first/only/single + 單/復(fù)均可the first school 第一所學(xué)校the first school

12、s 第一批學(xué)校推薦精選a single + 單可= one a single student = one student no single + 復(fù)可(H)hundred, thousand, million, billionfive hundred boys, hundreds of boys, hundred million boysthousands of students, millions of (I)another + 單可 another person other + 復(fù)名(純粹的other) other persons any other+ 單可 例外：other part .(part 永遠對)(J) a number of + 復(fù)noun. + 復(fù)Verbthe number of + 復(fù)noun. + 單verbA number of students are interested in sports. The number of the students is 26. 限定詞：(1)Many, a number of, a large number of, a great many, few, a few, A great many people / students (2) Much, a great deal of, a large amount