選修6U4教師版

1、U4 Global Warming知識(shí)講解1、 重點(diǎn)詞匯和詞組1. When compared to.當(dāng)跟.比較而言原文再現(xiàn)：That probably does not seem much to you and me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.那個(gè)數(shù)值對(duì)你我來(lái)說(shuō)可能是無(wú)所謂的，但是當(dāng)跟其他自然變化相比較時(shí)，它卻是一種快速的增長(zhǎng)。句型剖析：when compared to.是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，當(dāng)主從句的主語(yǔ)一致，從句里又含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式的時(shí)候，我們可以把從句里的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省略，能

2、這樣用的連接詞或短語(yǔ)有when,while, if , once, though, unless, as, even if等。鞏固練習(xí)： If _(give) another chance, I will do it much better. Even if _(invite) to the party, I wouldnt go.Keys: given ; invited2. There is no doubt / No doubt.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn).原文再現(xiàn)：There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and

3、that is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球在變暖（見(jiàn)表1），并且全球變暖是人類(lèi)活動(dòng)所致，而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象。句型剖析：there is no doubt/ No doubt.為固定句式，意思為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”，后面接that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，肯定句中有whether引導(dǎo)。請(qǐng)翻譯：他是否能當(dāng)選還不太確定。 _Keys:There is some doubt whether he will be elected.doubt

4、懷疑，疑慮。后常接賓語(yǔ)從句，在肯定句中doubt后面常接whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句；在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，doubt后面常接that引導(dǎo)的從句。請(qǐng)翻譯：我不懷疑他來(lái)自中國(guó)。 _Keys: I dont doubt that he comes from China.溫馨提示：There is no.和 It is no.是英語(yǔ)中兩個(gè)重要的句型。There is no .側(cè)重“沒(méi)有.；毫不.”；It is no.常用于use/good+動(dòng)詞ing句型或.wonder that.句型中。請(qǐng)翻譯：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)他會(huì)成功。_難怪交通堵塞如此嚴(yán)重。_Keys: there is no doubt that h

5、e will succeed. It is no wonder that the traffic jam is so serious.3. tend 趨向，易于，照顧 原文再現(xiàn)：It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.這意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層里，從而引起全球溫度升溫。 詞匯擴(kuò)展：tendency 傾向，偏好 短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展： tend to do sth. 常常會(huì)做某事，傾向于做某事 tend (to) sb/sth

6、= look after sb/sth 照顧/護(hù)理 have a tendency to/ towards sth.有.的傾向 請(qǐng)翻譯：別人不同意她的看法時(shí)，她容易生氣。 _ 他的業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在照顧他的寵物狗上。 _ 有一種國(guó)際性合作的趨勢(shì)。 _Keys: she tends to get angry when others disagree with her. He spends his spare time tending (to) his pet dog. There is a tendency towards the world cooperation. 4. result in 導(dǎo)致

7、 原文再現(xiàn)：They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他們也同意以下觀點(diǎn)：正是由于越來(lái)越多的化石燃料的燃燒導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。 短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展： result from 由.引起 as a result of 作為.的結(jié)果，由于 as a result 結(jié)果 請(qǐng)翻譯： 他的病是由于吃了變質(zhì)的食物所致。 _ 由于下雪他遲到了。 _Keys: his illness resulted from bad

8、food. He was late as a result of the snow. 5.oppose 反對(duì) 原文再現(xiàn)：On the other hand, there are those,like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.另一方面，還有一些人，像喬治漢布利，反對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心空氣中有高含量的二氧化碳。 短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：oppose (doing) st

9、h. 反對(duì)做. oppose oneself to sth.反對(duì)某事 請(qǐng)翻譯：這位母親反對(duì)她女兒一個(gè)人去那兒。 _ 他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)你出國(guó)。 _Keys: the mother opposed her daughters going there alone. He opposes himself to your going abroad. 溫馨提示： oppose表示采取積極行動(dòng)來(lái)反對(duì)，著重動(dòng)作，反對(duì)被認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)誤的計(jì)劃、看法等，通常經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮。 object指突然的、未經(jīng)過(guò)深層思考的反對(duì)，與個(gè)人有關(guān)。名詞為objection，常見(jiàn)搭配為object to 6.consequence 后果，結(jié)果，影

10、響 原文再現(xiàn)：They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.他們預(yù)言說(shuō)，變暖的情況不會(huì)很?chē)?yán)重，對(duì)環(huán)境的影響也不會(huì)太大。 短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：in consequence of / as a consequence of = as a result of 作為.的結(jié)果 in consequence/ as a consequence= as a result 結(jié)果是；因而 take the consequences 為（自己的行為、行動(dòng)的）結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé) 詞匯擴(kuò)展：consequent 隨之發(fā)

11、生的 consequently 所以，因而 請(qǐng)翻譯：由于嚴(yán)重的地震，這座城市變成了廢墟。 _ 我睡過(guò)頭了，因而上學(xué)遲到了。 _ 如果你毀壞建筑物，就必須準(zhǔn)備好承擔(dān)后果。 _Keys:the city was in ruins in consequences of/as a consequence of a severe earthquake. I overslept,and in consequence/as a consequence I was late for school. If you damage the building, you must be ready to take th

12、e consequences. 7.even if 即使 原文再現(xiàn)：Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.即使我們開(kāi)始減少二氧化碳及其他溫室氣體的含量。 易混辨析：even if ,even though, although, though,as,while even if 即使，其意義在于假設(shè)某事物存在 even though 則有“盡管”之義，其意義在于已經(jīng)承認(rèn)某事物存在 although 側(cè)重于“轉(zhuǎn)折”，置于句首，意思為“雖然.但是” though側(cè)重于“轉(zhuǎn)折”，

13、位于句子前后都可以，但往往與as一樣可以構(gòu)成僅提前 表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)的倒裝句式。 As僅用于表示“雖然.但是”意思的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝句中 while“然而”側(cè)重于句子的對(duì)比內(nèi)容 經(jīng)典例句：He will come on time _ it rains. Young _she is , she knows a lot. He got the first prize in English contest,_his sister got nothing. Keys: even though/even if; as/though; while. 8.on behalf of 代表.一方，作為.

14、的代言人 原文再現(xiàn)：I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表學(xué)校進(jìn)行一個(gè)關(guān)于全球變暖方面的課題研究。 短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：on sbs behalf.代表.一方 stand for 代表 請(qǐng)翻譯：我代表在座的各位祝你旅途愉快 _ 今天英語(yǔ)老師不能來(lái)，所以我將代表他發(fā)言。 _ Keys: On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a very happy journey. The English teacher cant be here today, so Im going

15、 to speak on his behalf. 9. circumstance環(huán)境，情況 原文再現(xiàn)：Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情況允許的話，回收罐頭盒，瓶子，塑料袋和報(bào)紙。 詞匯擴(kuò)展：environment 環(huán)境（自然或精神的） surrounding 周?chē)氖挛?短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：under/in the circumstances 在這種情況下 under no circumstances 決不（置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝) 請(qǐng)翻譯：她明確表示，無(wú)論如何都不會(huì)取

16、消旅行。 _ 無(wú)論在何種情況下，種族主義都是千萬(wàn)要不得的。 _ Keys: She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip. Racism is wholly unacceptable under any circumstances. 重難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 -it 用法1.It is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，可以who用來(lái)替換，如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子，這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其他從句的方法。It was the

17、y that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.例句：It was with great joy _he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)A. because B. which C. since D. that2. It is not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that該句型譯成漢語(yǔ)“直到才”，可以說(shuō)是的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。It was not until she took

18、 off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was _back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北)A. not until midnight did he go B. u

19、ntil midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that.該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為“清楚（顯然、真的、肯定）”是主語(yǔ)從句最常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.=That hes round and tall like a tr

20、ee is very clear.4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural) that該句型和上一句同屬一個(gè)句型。由于主句中的形容詞不同，that后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形）should 可以省去。建議記住該句型中的形容詞。It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.5. It is said (reported, learned) that

21、該句型中的it 仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.6. It is suggested (ordered) that該句型和上一句屬一個(gè)句型。主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （should+動(dòng)詞原形）?？梢允÷?，常譯為“據(jù)建議；有命令”It is suggested that the me

22、eting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.7. It is a pity (a shame) that 在該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他

23、生病了，真遺憾！8. It is time (about time, high time) that該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，值得注意的是：常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬，有時(shí)也用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 不能省。常譯為“是（正是）的時(shí)候”It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.9. It is the first (second, )time that該句型應(yīng)和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。該句型中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至于用哪種完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

24、來(lái)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去；it有時(shí)用this替換，常譯為“是第一（二,）次”。10. It is since該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。主句中是時(shí)間作表語(yǔ)，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)和完成時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞。如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.It is almost five years _we saw each other last time. (2

25、005 北京) A. before B. since C. after D. When11. It is when該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的it指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，是”It was 5 oclock when he came here.12. It bebefore該句型主句中的it指時(shí)間，主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)，主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示時(shí)間段的詞和短語(yǔ)。常譯為“之后才”，“沒(méi)過(guò)就”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.

26、It will not be long before he finishes his job.13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that該句型中的it 是形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，主句中的happen, seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧)It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看來(lái))The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope t

27、hat the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京) A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 14. It takes sbto do sth.該句型中的不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，是形式主語(yǔ)，句型中的直接賓語(yǔ)是時(shí)間。常譯為“做要花費(fèi)某人”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.15It is no good (use) doing sth.該句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是 no good (not a

28、ny good), no use (not any use ).It is no good learning English without speaking English.16. It doesnt matter whether該句型中的引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，該句型譯為“不論（是否）沒(méi)關(guān)系It doesnt matter whether they are old.17It is kind (of sb) to do sth.該句型中的不定式短語(yǔ)是真正主語(yǔ)，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由of引出，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)的形容詞。常見(jiàn)的有：bad, brave, careless, c

29、lever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教養(yǎng)的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等。這個(gè)句型可以改寫(xiě)為sb.is kind to do sth.It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth該句型與上一句統(tǒng)屬一個(gè)句型。如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for 引出的，主句的形容詞通常是表示

30、重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant.等。It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.19. It looks (seems) as if 該句型中it 無(wú)意義。As if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句

31、，常譯為：“看起來(lái)好像”如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）It looks as if he was ill. （事實(shí)上沒(méi)有生?。㊣t seemed as if he was dying.20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.該句型中的it作形式賓語(yǔ)。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為“7123結(jié)構(gòu)”7指主句中的常用的動(dòng)詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take.1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it .2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：

32、形容詞和名詞3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. XiaoLi felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.-Do you like _here?-Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so

33、 nice. (2004 全國(guó)卷二)A. this B. these C. that D. it 二、單選鞏固1_that there will be another good harvest this autumn.A. He is said B. It is saidC. It says D. It was said2._ she was free on Monday morning,A. That happened B. It is happened thatC. It happened to D. It happened that3._three years since he join

34、ed the army.A. That is B. It is C. This is D. It was4. _is good _you to have taken good care of your classmates.A. This; to B. It; for C. That; it D. It; of5. What a long way _!A. it is B is it C. is that D. This is6. Does _matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow?A. this B. it C. that D. which7

35、. _makes me sick to think of the matter.A. That B It C. This D. Which8. The parents will never forget that _ the doctor _had saved their childs life.A. It is; that B. It was; thatc. That is; when D. It was; when 9._about half past ten _we got to the station.A. It is; that B. It was; that C. That is;

36、 when D. It was; when10. We consider _our duty helping him.A. it B. that C. which D. ThatKeys: BDBDA BBBDA課堂檢測(cè)一、 單項(xiàng)選擇1. Ms Nancy didnt mind at all _ to the ceremony.A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited2. _ your meeting is! he offered them his sincere congrat

37、ulations.A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success3. We must remember that _fashion is not the most important thing in _ life.A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the4. It _ quite a few years _ the accused was declared innocent and set free.A. was; sinc

38、e B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before5. The professor said he could talk on _ interested the audience.A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it6. Under no circumstance _ to tell lies to parents.A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will a

39、llow D. will children allow7. Modern science and technology has _ communication between people far apart.A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to8. I heard that you really had a wonderful time at Johns birthday party, _?A. didnt I B. didnt you C. ha

40、dnt you D. will you9. The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _ to teach you the art of learning.A. as B. that C. than D. but10. No matter how frequently _ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. bei

41、ng performed11. _ their real economic situations, they got some relief fund from the government.A. Considering B. Considered C. Having been considered D. Being considered12. Tina _ have known the truth, or she would have told us.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. neednt13. There are some police cars i

42、n front. What do you suppose _?A. is the matter B. is happened C. is the wrong D. the trouble is14. _ of water makes Death Valley a desert, but it is by no means devoid.A. Lacking B. Being lack C. Because of lack D. Lack15. In recent years much more emphasis has been put_ developing the students pro

43、ductive skills.A. onto B. in C. over D. on16. A survey was carried out on the death rate of those who were infected by SARS, _were surprising.A. as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which17. The organization broke no rules, but _had it acted responsibly.A. neither B. so

44、 C. either D. both18. Many workers were organized to clear away remained of the World Trade Center.A. those B. that C. what D. where19. My train arrive in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _by then.A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left20.

45、The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to baseKeys: 1-10 BBBDC BABAB 11-20 ACADD DACBD2、 首字母填空1. Make your actions deliberate, not rushed and r_.2. We are making slow but s_ progress

46、.3. Several cars are available within this price r_.4. Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous c_.5. Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe p_6. They had stopped by a spring to r_ themselves.7. When you give a p_,do you usually stand in one place or move around?8. Th

47、e area has seen a rapid population g_.9. Look out! Youd better walk s_10. We have a t_to focus more on our shortcomings than our success.11. Chinese characters will e_for centuries.12. Childrens words and actions are often fairly r_13. All of these projects are e_doubtful.14. People in the remote vi

48、llage live in w_places.15. The writer and the e_have visited our school.Keys:random; steady;range; consequences; pollution; refresh; presentation; growth; steadily; tendency; exist;random;economically; widespread;educator.三、完成句子1. One _ _ _ _.(沒(méi)有空氣就不能生存）2. He is just _ _(一名普通)sort of student.3._ _ _

49、(總的來(lái)說(shuō)），he made great progress in English.4. No one knows when the company _ _ _(成立）5.I cant let him go _ _ _(在我的范圍內(nèi))Keys: cant live without air; an average; On the whole; came into existence; within my range;四、完形填空 We live in a fast-paced and anxiety-filled world that oftentimes seems to shift beneath our feet. Thus we are sometimes affected by fears or anxiety impacting our life. For as long as I could remember I had struggled with anxiety. After I left university, I made friends with a Moroccan woman at work. One day she invited me to 16 her a