模塊語法專題整合

1、限制性定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式形式從句前無逗號(hào)從句前無逗號(hào)從句前有逗號(hào)從句前有逗號(hào)功能功能修飾名詞或代詞修飾名詞或代詞修飾名詞或代詞；也可修飾名詞或代詞；也可修飾整個(gè)主句修飾整個(gè)主句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞可用可用that引導(dǎo)；作賓語的引導(dǎo)；作賓語的關(guān)系代詞常省略關(guān)系代詞常省略一般不用一般不用that引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞不能省略詞不能省略翻譯翻譯譯在先行詞前譯在先行詞前(從句譯作從句譯作先行詞的定語先行詞的定語)譯成與主句并列的分句譯成與主句并列的分句意義意義起限制作用起限制作用(若省去從句若省去從句，主句意義不完整，主句意義不完整)起補(bǔ)充說明作用起補(bǔ)充說明作用(若省去

2、若省去從句，不影響主句意義從句，不影響主句意義)關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种谐洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謙hat指人或物指人或物主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語which指物指物主語、賓語、定語主語、賓語、定語who指人指人主語、賓語主語、賓語whom指人指人賓語賓語whose(of whom/of which)指人或物指人或物定語定語as指人或物指人或物主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語that which which who whose aswhich位置上位置上位置靈活，可位于句前、句中，位置靈活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后也可置于句后只能放在先行只能放

3、在先行詞的后面詞的后面搭配上搭配上謂語動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺或心理謂語動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如see, hear, know, expect, remember, guess, hope等等無動(dòng)詞的限制無動(dòng)詞的限制句意上句意上表示表示“正如正如，正像，正像的那的那樣樣”意為意為“這一點(diǎn)這一點(diǎn)”As 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞值木渥映煞謜hen(介詞介詞which)表示時(shí)間表示時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語where(介詞介詞which)表示地點(diǎn)表示地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語why(for which)表示原因表示原因原因狀語原因狀語w

4、here whom whom who where that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語從句定語從句定語從句相當(dāng)于形容定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限定作用，與先行、限定作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系詞之間有從屬關(guān)系The news that she told me shocked everyone here.她她告訴我的消息震驚了這兒告訴我的消息震驚了這兒的每個(gè)人。的每個(gè)人。(that引導(dǎo)定語引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作賓語從句，在從句中作賓語)that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)同位語從同位語從句句同位語從句相當(dāng)于名同位語從句相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞給詞，對(duì)前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步予補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解

5、釋，是前面名詞的解釋，是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容，與先行詞具體內(nèi)容，與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系之間是同位關(guān)系The news that she had passed the driving test surprised me.她通過駕照她通過駕照考試的消息讓我吃驚?？荚嚨南⒆屛页泽@。(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中不作句子成分從句中不作句子成分)that where for whom whom of whom about which where that that in which whose whom/who/that which/that which/that which/th

6、at whose when where why where where whom whose The old man has a son who is in the army.The parcel which is red in color is about to be posted. /The parcel which is about to be posted is red in color.I will always remember the first lesson that was given by Miss Dora.The girl whose hair is brown is

7、from America.He is the very person that I am waiting for.The day when we will win the final victory will come.I forgot the exact place where I had hidden the box.That is the reason why I dont want to go.Hangzhou is a famous city in which there is a beautiful lake.He didnt tell me the reason for which he was so upset.Fortunately we had a compass without which we would have got lost.The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklac