2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題四第三節(jié)重難增分一謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案含解析

1、重難增分篇如何判斷動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)1找謂語(yǔ)：一個(gè)句子無(wú)論是主句還是從句，必須要有謂語(yǔ)。若句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但空處所需詞與之是并列關(guān)系，空處就用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。2若句中找到了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而又缺關(guān)聯(lián)詞(并列連詞或從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞)時(shí)，則所給動(dòng)詞用非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)需要考慮v.ing形式、v.ed形式和動(dòng)詞不定式。題組一he volunteered to help control traffic，_(donate)an hour of his time every week.he volunteered to help control traffic

2、，and _(donate)an hour of his time every week.分析：兩句的差別是連詞and。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，中設(shè)空處為現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；中設(shè)空處與volunteered并列作謂語(yǔ)。故填donating；填donated。題組二jim was listening attentively to the lecture，and all his attention _(fix)on it.jim was listening attentively to the lecture，with all his attention _(fix)on it.jim was list

3、ening attentively to the lecture，_(fix)all his attention on it.分析：三句的差別是逗號(hào)后面的部分。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句為and連接兩個(gè)并列句，通過(guò)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的分析，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；句是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；句為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填was fixed；填fixed；填fixing。題組三he went into the room，_(sit)at the table and began to read newspapers.they walked along the stream together，_(talk)and

4、laughing.分析：兩句看似結(jié)構(gòu)一致，但仔細(xì)分析卻是大相徑庭。句為and連接三個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)；句為and連接兩個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填sat；填talking。重難增分一謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞授課提示：對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第56頁(yè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的必考點(diǎn)，考生在答題時(shí)如果分析不到位就容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。無(wú)論語(yǔ)法填空還是短文改錯(cuò)，解題時(shí)一定要注意句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、隱含的語(yǔ)境及要表達(dá)的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)含義，從而找到解題的突破口，語(yǔ)法填空中還要注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的拼寫(xiě)。語(yǔ)法填空中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞高考這樣考1(2020新高考全國(guó)卷)the 80，000 objects collected by

5、 sir hans sloane，for example，_(form)the core collection of the british museum which opened in 1759.2(2020高考全國(guó)卷)the artist was sure he would _(choose)，but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister，the old man laughed.3(2019高考全國(guó)卷)picking up her “l(fā)ifetime achievement” award，proud

6、 irene _(declare)she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.4(2019高考北京卷)on the first day of my first grade，i stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.i _(voice)my biggest concern to my mother，“how will i make friends？”5(2018高考全國(guó)卷)since 2011，the country _(grow)more corn than rice.

7、題目這么解填什么樣的謂語(yǔ)形式：1先看“主語(yǔ)”定“語(yǔ)態(tài)”，再看“時(shí)間”定“時(shí)態(tài)”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。語(yǔ)態(tài)主要看主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者(如t2)；時(shí)態(tài)主要根據(jù)時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞(如t1，t5)、有無(wú)并列關(guān)系、主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)(如題t3)及上下文語(yǔ)境(如t4)來(lái)把握；2要注意時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)變化時(shí)動(dòng)詞的拼寫(xiě)形式(如t2，t5)，需不需要雙寫(xiě)，要不要大寫(xiě)首字母等；3特殊句型中時(shí)態(tài)需要特別關(guān)注。自我診斷：1.formed2.be chosen3.declared4voiced5.has grown類(lèi)題對(duì)點(diǎn)練1according to paul denlinger，who came(come)to

8、 china many times when young，qingming shanghe tu or along the river during the qingming festival should be regarded as the most significant classical chinese painting.2the 3yearold panda landed in chengdu on wednesday after a 16hour flight，during which she was looked(look)after by a professional pan

9、da keeper.3once，she was wondering(wonder)how to complete a scene set in ancient china when the doorbell suddenly rang.4in recent years，the demand for goji berries has been rising and we have seen(see)the increasing numbers of buyers from overseas.5the father，along with his four children, has gone(go

10、)to hangzhou.when they will be back has not been fixed.短文改錯(cuò)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞高考這樣考1(2020高考全國(guó)卷)actually，i start to learn kung fu when i was seven years old._2(2020高考全國(guó)卷)my dad dont like the soup and i dont enjoy apples._3(2018高考全國(guó)卷)during my last winter holiday，i went to the countryside with my father to visit m

11、y grandparents.i find a big change there._4(2018高考全國(guó)卷)they would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.still i unwilling to play the games with them sometimes._題目這么解1明確常錯(cuò)類(lèi)型：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的不統(tǒng)一與語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤混用；主謂一致錯(cuò)誤；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤；2具體判定方式：(1)是否忽略了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如t1)；上下文時(shí)態(tài)是否一致，主從句時(shí)態(tài)是否呼應(yīng)(如t3)；(2)并列謂語(yǔ)形式是否一致；(3)主謂、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

12、要分明；(4)be動(dòng)詞的缺失或多余(如t4)；(5)主謂是否一致(如t2)。自我診斷：1.startstarted2.dontdoesnt3findfound4.unwilling前加was類(lèi)題對(duì)點(diǎn)練1(2019高考全國(guó)卷)one was that i was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.and the other is that i wanted to help people in need.答案：one was that i was amazed at

13、the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.and the other that i wanted to help people in need.2(2019高考全國(guó)卷)now my dream is to open a cafe.though it may appear simple，it required a lot of ideas and efforts.答案：now my dream is to open a cafe.though it may appear simple，it a

14、 lot of ideas and efforts.3(2017高考全國(guó)卷)before getting into the car，i thought i had learned the instructors orders，but once i started the car，my mind goes blank.答案：before getting into the car，i thought i had learned the instructors orders，but once i started the car，my mind blank.4consequently，instead

15、of giving us immediate answers，he is always encouraged us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.答案：consequently，instead of giving us immediate answers，he is always us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的核心知識(shí)提煉一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志詞1看到always，every time，now and then，oft

16、en，seldom，sometimes，usually等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；2看到y(tǒng)esterday，last week，two days ago，the other day，in 1998，just now，once upon a time等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要想到用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；3看到tomorrow，next year，in a week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要想到用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；4看到all the time，now，at 4 oclock，at this moment，at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；5看到at that time，at this time yest

17、erday，at five yesterday，the whole morning等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要想到用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；6看到since，recently，lately，already，in/for/during the last/past few years，so far，up to now，during the past/last時(shí)間段等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；7看到by that time，by the end of過(guò)去時(shí)間，before 2000，by the time一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要想到用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。二、并列關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞并列連詞and，but，as well as，or，

18、or else，both.and.，neither.nor.，either.or.，not only.but(also).，rather than等以及從屬連詞than可連接兩個(gè)平行的結(jié)構(gòu)。平行的另外一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)與所選謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系，決定著所選動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。三、記準(zhǔn)常考的固定句式1看到no sooner.than.或hardly.when.，要想到主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2看到并列連詞when，要想到was/were doing sth.when.；be about to do sth.when.等句式。3看到it/this/that isthe序數(shù)詞timethat從句，要想到從句

19、用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。4看到it/this/that wasthe序數(shù)詞timethat從句，要想到從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。5在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。6在由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。7看到“祈使句and/or陳述句”，要想到陳述句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。四、關(guān)注特殊詞的關(guān)鍵用法1有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))的用法特殊，例如belong to不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；date back to/date from常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等。2系動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。look，feel，taste，seem，sound，smell，prov

20、e，appear等屬于系動(dòng)詞。五、主謂一致1主語(yǔ)后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。2由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。授課提示：對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第58頁(yè).單句語(yǔ)法填空1the newlyelected ministers should understand that with th

21、e great honor of being government officials of this nation comes_(come)great responsibility.2ill take you there tomorrow.now we are leaving the business district and approaching(approach)the harbor.3a material can be really special when it was named after the place where it was_created(create)origin

22、ally.4it was the third time that she had_been(be)to the great wall.5various efforts have_been_made(make)in the past decades to protect the environment.6on that day，i lined up with other 25，000 runners，most of whom were(be)professional runners.7not only the swimmers who are in the swimming pool but a

23、lso the coach is_trying(try)to save the drowning girl now.8the new haircut completely transformed(transform)her into a fair lady yesterday.9the study suggests that neonicotinoid pesticides(新煙堿類(lèi)殺蟲(chóng)劑)that_are_used_(use)around the world are incredibly poisonous to honeybees and other insects.10a bowl of

24、 noodles from a stranger made me feel indebted，but i have never thanked my mom for what she_has_done(do)for me.單句改錯(cuò)1growing up，i didnt have much ambition and i was wasted a lot of time on video games.答案：growing up，i didnt have much ambition and i wasted a lot of time on video games.2she encourages u

25、s to think independently and have discussions among ourselves when we faced with problems.答案：she encourages us to think independently and have discussions among ourselves when we faced with problems.3i am remember the first time my parents and i talked about my dream of becoming a writer.答案：i rememb

26、er the first time my parents and i talked about my dream of becoming a writer.4i hated to fail in any sport，so i continued to try and finally manage to skate all the way down a slope(斜坡)without an accident.答案：i hated to fail in any sport，so i continued to try and finally to skate all the way down a

27、slope without an accident.5have you ever been to wuzhen？it is so beautiful a village that i had already visited it many times.答案：have you ever been to wuzhen？it is so beautiful a village that i already visited it many times.語(yǔ)法填空(2020合肥第二次調(diào)研)chopsticks play an important role in chinese food culture.c

28、hinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven，while the other end is square which symbolizes earth.this is because keeping enough food is 1._(great)concern than anything else.it is important to note that chopsticks are used in many different cultures and there is no single st

29、andard for the use of chopsticks.here are some customs 2._(associate)with chopsticks in china.playing with chopsticks 3._(consider)bad manners.and chopsticks should not be placed 4._(vertical)in a bowl of rice or other food.any sticklike object pointing upward 5._(resemble)the incense(香)sticks that

30、people use 6._offerings to their dead family members.it is also bad manners to tap chopsticks on 7._edge of ones bowl，because in ancient china beggars often made this noise 8._(attract)attention.in chinese，“chopsticks” reads “kuai zi”，which means “to have sons soon”，so a newlymarried couple will be

31、very happy to accept chopsticks as 9._(they)wedding gift.10_has already been found out is that using chopsticks improves ones memory，increases finger dexterity(靈巧)and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as chinese character printing and brush painting.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了筷子的特征以及圍繞筷子形成的

32、一些習(xí)俗。1解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)下文中的than可知，此處要用形容詞的比較級(jí)形式。答案：greater2解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)associated with chopsticks作定語(yǔ)，修飾customs。答案：associated3解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。該處為客觀性描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句使用了動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)playing with chopsticks作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；且此處表示玩筷子被看作不禮貌的行為，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案：is considered4解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用副詞，故填vertically。答

33、案：vertically5解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。該處為客觀性描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；本句為含有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，其中主句的主語(yǔ)是any sticklike object pointing upward，是單數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。答案：resembles6解析：考查介詞。as在這里用作介詞，意為“作為”。答案：as7解析：考查冠詞。此處特指后面的bowl(碗)的邊緣，故填定冠詞。答案：the8解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to attract作目的狀語(yǔ)。答案：to attract9解析：考查代詞。此處的wedding gift與上文提到的a newlymarried couple為所屬關(guān)系，故填their。答案：their10解析：考查主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“的事物”，故用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)該從句。答案：what.短文改錯(cuò)(2020福建漳州4月模擬)dear editor，having learned from the newspaper that you will hold the annually summer camp in our city，i cant wait to apply to join i