乳腺癌英文相關(guān)

1、乳腺癌相關(guān)英文單詞metastatic breast cancer (MBC)轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌early menarche初潮nulliparity未經(jīng)產(chǎn)late age at first birth頭胎生育年齡大mutations of tumor suppresser genes抑癌基因突變BRCA1 and BRCA2乳腺癌易感基因1和2radiation exposure射線(xiàn)暴露contiguityenvironmental and lifestyle factors環(huán)境和生活方式的因素solitary孤立（病灶）unilateral單側(cè)nonmobile活動(dòng)性查nipple change

2、s乳頭改變prominent skin edema皮膚水腫嚴(yán)重redness皮膚發(fā)紅warmth皮溫升高induration硬結(jié)bone pain骨痛difficulty breathing呼吸困難abdominal pain or enlargement腹痛或腹脹jaundice黃疸mental status changes.精神狀態(tài)改變r(jià)outine screening mammography常規(guī)乳腺鉬靶篩查asymptomatic women.無(wú)癥狀的患者Initial workup初始的檢查localized lesion局限的病灶suggestive symptoms具有提示意義的癥

3、狀breast imaging techniques乳腺成像技術(shù)ultrasound超聲magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)核磁共振Breast biopsy活檢a palpable mass on physical examination體格檢查可觸及腫塊indicated for a mammographic abnormality（預(yù)示）乳腺異常the size of the primary tumor extent原發(fā)灶大小presence and extent of lymph node involvement是否存在淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及數(shù)目presence or

4、 absence of distant metastases是否存在遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移assists with treatment decisions協(xié)助治療方案決策Simplistically stated簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)basement membrane基底膜Involvement of regional lymph nodes區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)受侵extensive nodal involvement淋巴結(jié)廣泛受侵fixed to the chest固定于胸壁inflammatory breast cancer炎性乳腺癌rapidly progressive進(jìn)展迅速preinvasive轉(zhuǎn)移前adenocarci

5、nomas腺癌ductal導(dǎo)管的lobular小葉的maximize quantity and quality of life延長(zhǎng)生存期，提高生活質(zhì)量axillary lymph nodes腋窩淋巴結(jié)the risk for breast cancer recurrence乳腺癌復(fù)發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)disease characteristics疾病特點(diǎn)provide prognostic information提供預(yù)后信息histologic subtype組織學(xué)亞型nuclear or histologic grade核分級(jí)及組織分級(jí)lymphatic and vascular invasion淋巴或

6、血管侵犯轉(zhuǎn)移proliferation indices增殖指數(shù)The estrogen receptor (ER)雌激素受體progesterone receptor (PR)孕激素受體predict response to hormone therapy預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)激素治療的反應(yīng)HER2/neu (HER2) overexpressionHER2過(guò)表達(dá)transmission of growth signals that control aspects of normal cell growth and division控制正常細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)分裂的生長(zhǎng)信號(hào)的傳遞increased tumor aggre

7、ssiveness腫瘤侵襲性增加rates of recurrence復(fù)發(fā)率mortality死亡率favorable prognostic features好的預(yù)后因素cure治愈prolong survival延長(zhǎng)生存rapidly evolving快速發(fā)展the most promising interventions最具希望的干預(yù)措施in the primary literature在原始文獻(xiàn)中combination regimen聯(lián)合治療方案appropriate references should be consulted.查找適宜的參考文獻(xiàn)Breast-conserving th

8、erapy (BCT)保乳術(shù)modified radical mastectomy改良根治術(shù)cosmetically superior results效果更美觀(guān)lumpectomy乳腺腫瘤切除術(shù)radiation therapy (RT)放療prevent local recurrence.預(yù)防局部復(fù)發(fā)Reddening and erythema of the breast tissue乳腺組織紅腫Simple or total mastectomy簡(jiǎn)單或全乳切除術(shù)dissection of underlying muscle or axillary nodes切除下方肌肉及腋窩淋巴結(jié)carc

9、inoma in situ原位癌Lymphatic mapping with sentinel lymph node biopsy前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢了解淋巴結(jié)定位及受侵invasive phases廣泛轉(zhuǎn)移期Local-Regional Therapy局部治療preferable to更優(yōu)于subsequent shrinkage治療后縮小minor complications輕微的并發(fā)癥definitive local therapy精準(zhǔn)局部治療reflect the trend toward the use of chemotherapy傾向于化療menopausal status月經(jīng)狀態(tài)de

10、cision-support tools決策輔助工具distant recurrence遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移at a time of low tumor burden 腫瘤負(fù)荷小emergence of drug-resistant tumor cell clones耐藥的腫瘤細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)Selected Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens優(yōu)選的輔助治療方案Anthracycline-containing regimens含蒽環(huán)類(lèi)的治療方案doxorubicin 多柔比星epirubicin表柔比星taxanes紫杉類(lèi)docetaxel多西他賽paclitaxel紫杉醇Dose in

11、tensity劑量強(qiáng)度Dose density劑量密度Dose-dense regimens劑量密集方案serotonin-antagonist5-羥色胺拮抗劑substance P/neurokinin 1antagonist P物質(zhì)/神經(jīng)激肽1拮抗劑colony-stimulating factors集落刺激因子ADJUVANT BIOLOGIC THERAPY輔助生物治療adjuvant trastuzumab輔助曲妥珠治療o(wú)ptimal concurrent chemotherapy適宜的同時(shí)應(yīng)用的化療方案Tamoxifen他莫昔芬toremifene托瑞米芬oophorectomy卵

12、巢切除術(shù)ovarian irradiation卵巢放療luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone (LHRH) agonists促黃體生成激素釋放激素（LHRH）激動(dòng)劑aromatase inhibitors芳香化酶抑制劑adjuvant hormonal therapy of choice最佳輔助內(nèi)分泌治療premenopausal women未絕經(jīng)女性estrogenic 雌激素的antiestrogenic properties抗雌激素的特點(diǎn)estrogen withdrawal雌激素撤退hot flashes潮熱vaginal bleeding陰道出血de

13、crease in frequency and intensity over time頻率和強(qiáng)度隨著時(shí)間推移而下降hip radius 髖關(guān)節(jié)半徑spine fractures脊柱骨折stroke中風(fēng)pulmonary embolism肺栓塞deep vein thrombosis深靜脈血栓endometrial cancer子宮內(nèi)膜癌ovarian ablation with LHRH agonists應(yīng)用LHRH激動(dòng)劑使卵巢去勢(shì)goserelin戈舍瑞林anastrozole阿那曲唑letrozole來(lái)曲唑exemestane依西美坦bone loss骨量丟失osteoporosis骨質(zhì)疏

14、松myalgia肌痛arthralgia關(guān)節(jié)痛rendering inoperable tumors resectable使不可切除腫瘤降級(jí)為可切除increasing the rate of BCT保乳率提高extend survival延長(zhǎng)生存The choice of therapy治療方案的選擇hormone receptorpositive metastases轉(zhuǎn)移灶激素受體陽(yáng)性soft tissue軟組織pleura胸膜viscera腹腔sequentially treated with endocrine therapy 逐一內(nèi)分泌治療cease to respond不再獲益ci

15、rculating and target organ estrogens循環(huán)中及靶器官的雌激素blocking peripheral conversion from an androgenic precursor抑制外周雄激素轉(zhuǎn)化prototype原型aminoglutethimide氨魯米特lower incidence of thromboembolic events 較低的血栓時(shí)間發(fā)生率Fulvestrant氟維司群progressed on tamoxifen他莫昔芬應(yīng)用后進(jìn)展Medical castration藥物去勢(shì)reserved for third-line therapy作為

16、三線(xiàn)治療方案weight gain體重增加fluid retention液體潴留leuprolide亮丙瑞林triptorelin曲普瑞林The choice of treatment depends on the individual個(gè)體化治療time to progression至進(jìn)展時(shí)間sequential single agents序貫單藥化療recommended over相比于*，推薦objective responses客觀(guān)應(yīng)答The median duration of response中位應(yīng)答持續(xù)時(shí)間unequivocal evidence of progressive disease疾病進(jìn)展的可靠證據(jù)cardiotoxicity心臟毒性u(píng)nacceptably high不可接收地高doublet/triplet combinations 二藥/三藥聯(lián)合方案Trastuzumab曲妥珠單抗an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor口服酪氨酸激酶epidermal growth factor receptor表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體rash皮疹diarrhea腹瀉