英語(yǔ)新聞的標(biāo)題語(yǔ)言

1、HeadlinesePart I: Grammatical FeaturesPart II: Wording FeaturesPart III: Rhetorical Features1. Omission2. Tense3. Voice4. Punctuation1. OmissionOmission of function words, such as articles, possessive pronouns, be verbs, auxiliary verbs, etc.省略冠詞、物主代詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞,等等37 Killed in Italian Plane Crash= 37 K

2、illed in an Italian Plane CrashLaurel, Aquino Cut TiesLaurel and Aquino Cut Ties (勞雷爾和阿基諾夫人分道揚(yáng)鑣）Gunfire, Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel = Gunfire and Explosions Rock (a) Mumbai HotelMother, Daughter Share Fulbright Year= (A) Mother (and) Her Daughter Share (a) Fulbright Year母女同享富布萊特訪學(xué)年Three Dead After

3、 Inhaling Oven Gas. =Three Are Dead After Inhaling Oven Gas.Political Efforts Vital to Reform- Party Leader= Political Efforts Are Vital to Reform- Party LeaderFinancier Killed By Burglars= (A) Financier Is Killed By BurglarsMoscows Food Prices Soaring= Moscows Food Prices Are Soaring保留冠詞、連詞和系動(dòng)詞等虛詞：

4、顧全某些習(xí)語(yǔ)或詞組的完整性e.g:1) Combat on the Web 網(wǎng)絡(luò)之戰(zhàn)2）TB on the Rise Again in London 倫敦地區(qū)結(jié)核病卷土重來新聞標(biāo)題中一般不用過去時(shí)態(tài)，而采用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，使讀者閱報(bào)時(shí)一如置身于這條新聞事件中，這叫做“新聞現(xiàn)在時(shí)新聞現(xiàn)在時(shí)”(Journalistic Present Tense)，與文學(xué)寫作中的“歷史現(xiàn)在時(shí)”(Historical Present Tense)實(shí)際上完全一樣。英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題中常用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)主要有三種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)?，F(xiàn)分述如下：新聞?dòng)昧诉^去時(shí)態(tài)，容易給人一種

5、陳舊感，被認(rèn)為新聞不“新”。e.g: Heavy Rain Lashed Cityvs Heavy Rain Lashes City一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從形式上來增強(qiáng)報(bào)道的此外，標(biāo)題采用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)還可省去動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成中常見的“ed”兩個(gè)字母，節(jié)省標(biāo)題字?jǐn)?shù)。Russian Leader Meets Fidel Castro In Cuba(Russian Leader Meets (Met) Fidel Castro InGunfire, Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel (Gunfire and Explosions Rocked a Mumbai Hotel)注意：當(dāng)標(biāo)

6、題中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)。例如：Unemployment in U.K. Increased in October 十月份英國(guó)失業(yè)率上升對(duì)于正在發(fā)生的事態(tài)或動(dòng)作,英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題采用“Be現(xiàn)在分詞”這一形式，但其中“Be”又通常省略。因此，剩下的ing分詞便在新聞標(biāo)題中直接表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)展的事態(tài)。例如：BBC Considering Starting Global Television Service(BBC is Considering Starting (the) Global Television Service）Deposits, Loans Rising In Sha

7、nghai.(Deposits And Loans Are Rising In Shanghai)標(biāo)題中動(dòng)詞的將來時(shí)：1）will+動(dòng)詞原形Next Century will Challenge Law of Land2）更多采用“be動(dòng)詞不定式”，其中be通常省略，以節(jié)省標(biāo)題字?jǐn)?shù)。即動(dòng)詞不定式在英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題中可直接表示未來動(dòng)作。例如：Romania to Buy Iran Oil at $35 a Barrel=Romania is to Buy Iran Oil at $35 a BarrelLargest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in N

8、ov. = Largest Chinese Trade Delegation is to Visit US in Nov. 1. Global Poll: Fashion Models “Too Thin”2. What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean?3. Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low4. Great Wall at Top of “Worlds New Seven Wonders”5. Both Ends of Films to Be Shortened6. Lots

9、 of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk7. US, Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War 1. A Global Poll Shows Fashion Models are “Too Thin”(全球調(diào)查：時(shí)裝模特“太瘦”）2. What Does the Declining Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean?(考研熱為何降溫？）3. Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to a New Low(布什支持率跌至歷史新低）4. T

10、he Great Wall is at the Top of the “Worlds New Seven Wonders”(長(zhǎng)城躋身“世界新七大奇跡”之首）5. Both Ends of Films are to Be Shortened(片頭片尾將“減肥”）6. Lots of Fruit in ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer Risk(孩提時(shí)水果攝入多 成年后癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低）7. The US and Russia are Warned of a Repeat of the Cold War (俄美受到警告，謹(jǐn)防冷戰(zhàn)重現(xiàn)）英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題中的動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

11、時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)“be過去分詞”形式中的助動(dòng)詞“be”，通常被省略，也經(jīng)常不用“by”來引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，剩下的過去分詞在標(biāo)題里就可直接表示被動(dòng)意義，讀者切忌將之誤解為該動(dòng)詞的過去式。如：Europe Tested by Financial Crisis (Europe is Tested by Financial Crisis)33 Killed in Northeast India Fighting (33 are Killed in Northeast India Fighting)英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題一貫注重結(jié)構(gòu)精練，并不使用所有的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。即便使用某個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，其主要目的不外乎兩種:1. 區(qū)

12、分表示各句子成分意群之間的關(guān)系；2. 進(jìn)一步節(jié)省標(biāo)題字?jǐn)?shù)。(1)、逗號(hào)、逗號(hào)(comma)常被用來代替連詞常被用來代替連詞“and”例如：例如： Guangzhou Fair Closes, Trade Booms (The Guangzhou Fair Closes And The Trade Booms)廣交會(huì)閉幕交易興旺(2)、冒號(hào)、冒號(hào)(colon)除了用在引語(yǔ)之前表示除了用在引語(yǔ)之前表示“說說”外，還經(jīng)常被外，還經(jīng)常被用來代替聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞用來代替聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞“Be”。例如：。例如：Health Survey: New Yorker Fitter, Slimmer(Health Survey

13、says (that) New Yorker is Fitter and Slimmer 健康調(diào)查稱紐約人更加健康和苗條)Shanghai: Resplendent Pearl Of New China. (Shanghai Is A Resplendent Pearl Of New China)上海：新中國(guó)的璀璨明珠(3)、破折號(hào)、破折號(hào)(dash) 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；或常被放置在不用引號(hào)的引言表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；或常被放置在不用引號(hào)的引言前后，以引出說話者。例如：前后，以引出說話者。例如：Yeltsin in Hospital- Again 葉利欽再次住院Economy Grows Slowly As Un

14、employment, Inflation Rise-Economists (Economists Say That The Economy Grows Slowly As The Unemployment And Inflation Rise)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為：失業(yè)率及通貨膨脹加劇使得經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)緩慢(4)、用分號(hào)、用分號(hào)(semicolon) 表示兩層意思表示兩層意思 （書）（書）The Gay-Marriage Flap; The Government is out of Step (also Rhyme)(5)、用單引號(hào)代替雙引號(hào)(single/double quotation marks)e

15、.g.: Irans nuclear threat hyped, says UN watchdog不但可節(jié)省、美化版面，還可增強(qiáng)新聞的簡(jiǎn)潔性和可讀性這些小詞均為帶有新聞體特色的詞匯，并且詞義范疇很寬，新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)稱這類詞為“萬(wàn)能同義詞”。aidassistalterchange or modifyaskinquirebanprohibit or forbidblastexplodebegincommenceboostincreasecheckexamineclaimcause the death of .clashdisagree stronglycurbcontrol or restrictdi

16、pdecline or decreaseeaselessenendterminateflaycriticizefloutinsultfoilprevent fromgrillinvestigategutdestroyheaddirectholdarrestmapwork out（制訂）markcelebrate（慶祝）nameappoint or nominateoptchooseperilendangerpledgedetermine（發(fā)誓）plotconspire（預(yù)謀，密謀策劃）poiseready for action（作好準(zhǔn)備）probeinvestigateraidattack（進(jìn)

17、攻）rapcriticizerebukecriticizeslaymurder（謀殺）soarskyrocket（急劇上升）swapexchange（交流，交換）swayinfluence（影響）trimreduce（削減）vowdetermine（決心，發(fā)誓）weighconsider（考慮） acechampion（得勝者） accord=agreement(協(xié)議） aidassistance（幫助） aim=purpose(目的）blastexplosion（爆炸）bodycommittee, commission（委員會(huì)）clashcontroversy（沖突）crashcollisi

18、on（碰撞，墜毀）dealagreement, transaction（協(xié)議，交易）envoyambassador（大使）fakecounterfeit（贗品，騙局）fetecelebration（慶祝（活動(dòng)）feudstrong dispute（嚴(yán)重分歧）flopfailure（失?。ゝreezestabilization（物價(jià)、工資等）凍結(jié)）glutover supply（供過于求）nodapproval（許可，批準(zhǔn)）pactagreement, treaty（條約，協(xié)議）pollelection, public opinion poll（投票選舉，民意測(cè)驗(yàn)）probeinvestigat

19、ion（調(diào)查）pull outwithdrawal（撤退，撤離）riftseparation（隔離，分離）setready（準(zhǔn)備）snagunexpected difficulty（意外障礙，意外困難）statementdispute that cannot be settled（僵持，僵局）stanceattitude（態(tài)度）stepprogress（進(jìn)程，進(jìn)步）strifeconflict（沖突，矛盾） talk=negotiation(談判）ties(diplomatic) relations（外交）關(guān)系） K:newspaper readingTwin Bombings Rock Ce

20、ntral Baghdad.doc縮略詞既可節(jié)省版面標(biāo)題詞數(shù)，又能更好地提示新聞內(nèi)容，使人讀來頗感簡(jiǎn)潔易記，還可使版面編排減少沉悶之感。無論是常見的還是陌生的，其全稱一般均能在消息的正文第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí)找到，不解之處便可迎刃而解了。英語(yǔ)新聞標(biāo)題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的縮略詞主要分為三類：1、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名稱CPPCC=Chinese Peoples Political Consultative ConferenceUNESCOUnited Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural OrganizationIMFInternational Monetary Fu

21、ndASEANAssociation Of Southeast Asian NationsWTOWorld Trade OrganizationOPECOrganization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries）IOCInternational Olympic CommitteeNASANational Aeronautics And Space AdministrationWHOWorld Health OrganizationIAEA= International Atomic Energy Agency2、常見事物的名稱，Aids（艾滋?。┇@得性免疫功能喪

22、失綜合癥(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome。又如：UFOUnidentified Flying ObjectDJIDow-Jones IndexCPI=Consumer Price Index PRPublic RelationsSALTStrategic Arms Limitation Talks（限制戰(zhàn)略武器會(huì)談）SDIStrategic Defense Initiative（戰(zhàn)略防御措施）GMTGreenwich Mean TimeJV=Joint VentureIPR=Intellectual Property Rights3、表示人們的職業(yè)、職務(wù)或職稱的名詞，如MP（議員）。又如：PMPrime Minister（總理；首相）FM= Foreign Minister 外長(zhǎng)DM= Defense Minister 國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)GMGeneral Manager（總經(jīng)理）CEO= Chief Executive Officer 首席執(zhí)行官CFO= Chief Financial Officer 首席財(cái)務(wù)官CMO= Chief Market Officer 首席市場(chǎng)總監(jiān)CTO= Chief Technology Office首席技術(shù)官VIPVery Import