高三英語重要知識點(diǎn)

1、高三英語重要知識點(diǎn)：過渡性連接詞表強(qiáng)調(diào)：still，indeed，ofcourse，afterall，aboveall，surely，certainly，undoubtedly，inanycase，anyway，infact，especially，obviously，clearly表比較like，unlike，similarly，inthesameway，equally，similarto表對比bycontrast，onthecontrary，while.，whereas，ontheotherhand，unlike，instead，but，differentfrom，however，other

2、wise，yet，theformerthelatter，oncenow，someother，yearsagotoday表列舉foronethingandforanother，like表舉例Forexample，forinstance，suchas，takeforexample，exceptfor表時間Later，next，then，finally，atlast，eventually，meanwhile，fromnowon，fromthenon，atthesametime，forthetimebeing，intheend，immediately，inthemeantime，inthemeanwh

3、ile，recently，soon，nowandthen，during，nowadays，since，lately，afterwards，temporarily，earlier，now，afterawhile，when，while，before，after，until，assoonas，then，suddenly，inafewdays，inrecentyears，earlythismorning/year/century，allofsudden，themoment 表順序First，second，third，firstly，secondly，thirdly，tobeginwith，firsto

4、fall，inthefirstplace，last，finally，eventually，intheend，atlast，next，aboveall，firstandmostimportant，meanwhile表解釋Inotherwords，infact，asamatteroffact，thatis，thatistosay，namely，表遞進(jìn)Whatismore，inaddition，and，alsobesides，too，moreover，furthermore，aswellas，aswell，again，additionally，whatisworse?表讓步Although，thou

5、gh，eventhough，afterall，inspiteof，evenif，表轉(zhuǎn)折However，ratherthen，insteadof，but，yet，ontheotherhand，unfortunately，despite表原因Forthisreason，for，nowthat，thanksto，assince，owingto，because，becauseof，dueto，表結(jié)果So，so/suchthat，therefore，thus，asaresult，accordingly表總結(jié)Onthewhole，inconclusion，inaword，tosumup，inbrief，i

6、nsummary，toconclude，tosummarize，inshort，ingeneral，generallyspeaking，aboveall，afterall其他Mostly，occasionally，naturally，mainly，exactly，commonly，forthispurpose，formostofus，inmanycases，inthiscase高三英語重要知識點(diǎn)：過去完成進(jìn)行時與將來完成時難點(diǎn)形成原因：1.不清楚用法。2.未注意與它搭配的時間狀語。解決辦法：1.徹底理解過去完成進(jìn)行時與將來完成時基本用法。2.注意與它搭配的時間狀語。用法講解：一、 過去完成進(jìn)行

7、時(一)構(gòu)成：過去完成進(jìn)行時是由had been +現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧?(二)用法:1. 表示過去某一時間之前一直進(jìn)行的動作。過去完成進(jìn)行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間。和過去完成時一樣，過去完成進(jìn)行時也必須以一過去時間為前提。過去完成進(jìn)行時也是一個相對的時態(tài), 上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過去的

8、時間。I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他們只等了幾分鐘車就來了。 2. 表示反復(fù)的動作。He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。3. 過去完成進(jìn)行時還常用于間接引語中。The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問他吃了什么。I asked wher

9、e they had been staying all those days. 我問他們那些天呆在哪兒。4. 過去完成進(jìn)行時之后也可接具有突然之意的when分句。I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來了。Shed only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她溫習(xí)功課才一會兒，她妹妹就打斷她了。(三)過去完成進(jìn)行時和過去完成時的比較:She had cleaned th

10、e office, so it was very tidy.她已經(jīng)打掃過辦公室了，所以很整潔。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.她一直在打掃辦公室，所以我們不得不在外面等著。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)動作一直在進(jìn)行)二、將來完成時(一)構(gòu)成：will/shall have +過去分詞We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.我們希望在出發(fā)去野餐以前雨就已經(jīng)停了。Ill have done all the work b

11、y the time you are back this evening.你們今晚回來的時候我就將做完所有的工作了。(二)用法： 1. 表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。注意：常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有： by (the time / the end of ) + 表示將來時間的短語和句子; before (the end of ) + 表示將來時間的詞語或句子; when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。 例如：By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure fo

12、r cancer.到2050年，科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)找到治愈癌癥的方法了。By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.等你到達(dá)倫敦的時候，我們將已經(jīng)在歐洲呆了兩星期了。2. 在時間從句和條件從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替將來完成時，表示將來某時業(yè)已完成的動作。例如：Youll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.在學(xué)習(xí)這個學(xué)科一段時間之后，你就會喜歡它的。Ill go and see th

13、e exhibition as soon as I have finished my work.我一做完作業(yè)就去看展覽。3. 將來完成時還可以表示可能性，或設(shè)想。例如：Its five oclock;they will have arrived home by now.已經(jīng)五點(diǎn)鐘了，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到家了。(三)將來完成時與一般將來時的比較：有具體的時間狀語要用一般將來時。如：Mr Smith will return home on the first Sunday next month. 史密斯先生將于下月的第一個星期日回家。將來完成時的時間狀語一般用介詞by引入，如：Mr Smith wi

14、ll have returned home by next month. 到下個月史密斯先生將已回到家了高三英語重要知識點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語難點(diǎn)形成原因:1. 對在句中作時間、條件、原因還是別的狀語不是很清楚。2.分不清何時用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時用過去分詞。解決辦法：1.理解分詞作狀語時可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。2.分清何時用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時用過去分詞。用法講解：1. 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、讓步、條件，方式或伴隨狀況。通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句;表示方式或伴隨狀況時可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語從句。例如：Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was

15、 put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分詞短語作時間狀語Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. 分詞短語作原因狀語Given time

16、(=If he is given time), hell make a fist-class tennis player. 分詞短語作條件狀語We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) 分詞短語作伴隨狀語2. 有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶when, while, if, though, as if, unless等連詞

17、一起作狀語，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.Though tired, he still continued reading.3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的用法比較。不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞單獨(dú)作狀語，其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列句，如果狀語分句或并列句中的謂語動詞為被動結(jié)構(gòu)，就用過去分詞;如果

18、狀語分句或并列句中的謂語動詞為主動結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.分詞部分相當(dāng)于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主語與分詞是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean

19、does not seem big at all.When we compare it with the size of the whole earth. 主語與分詞是主動關(guān)系, 所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。Faced with a bill for$10,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for$10,000), John has taken an extra job.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same

20、 thing (= and he would say the same thing).注意：1. 現(xiàn)在分詞有兩種時態(tài)：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示與主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或無先后;完成式則強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動作先于謂語動詞所表示的動作。如：While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.(同時發(fā)生)Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet

21、at home. (“等待”先于謂語動詞“意識到”)2. 分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成: not +分詞。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again主謂一致I. 名詞的種類專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞特別注意名詞類別的相互轉(zhuǎn)換個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例 句意 義名詞性質(zhì)She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower花兒個體名詞開花抽象名詞Youth is beautiful.He is a yo

22、uth of twenty青春抽象名詞年輕人個體名詞They have achieved remarkable success in their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名詞成功的事個體名詞物質(zhì)名詞與個體名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換例 句意 義名詞性質(zhì)Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.鐵物質(zhì)名詞熨斗個體名詞He broke a piece of glass.He broke a glass.玻璃物質(zhì)名詞玻璃杯個體名詞

23、I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to some chicken小雞個體名詞雞肉物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換具有動作意義的抽象名詞加用與某些動詞（如：have等）連用，表示某一次短暫的動作Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey se

24、nt us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名詞）A.a B.an C./ D.theCould we have word before you go to the meeting? 話（個體名詞）A.a B.an C./ D.the類例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(進(jìn)步)/make an early start(早點(diǎn)出發(fā))/make a decision/make a cha

25、nge/give a cry of pain(發(fā)出痛苦的叫聲) /give a try表示知識和時間的抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞時可以用來表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道實(shí)際情況)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關(guān)于中國更為翔實(shí)的知識)have a knowledge of shorthand(

26、有速記的知識)If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier timeC.much happiest time D.a much happier time is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為普通名詞可用來表示“一次、一陣、一種”具體的行為、事件、現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果。這時名詞前往往有形容詞修飾Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How p

27、leasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surpriseShe looked up when I shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look

28、 at it.A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusualII. 名詞的數(shù) 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es（參看有關(guān)語法書）。英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，請看下表規(guī) 則例 詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes, trousers,

29、clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drink

30、s(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-b

31、y, story-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servantsIII. 主謂一致規(guī)則情 況舉 例語法一致原則以單數(shù)名詞或代詞動詞不定式短語，動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your ey

32、es.What he said is very important for us all.由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。what I bought were three English books.What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.由連接詞and或bothand連接起來的主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, each, e

33、very 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some, any no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.E

34、ach of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。None of the sugar was left.None of us has (have) been to America.在定語從句里，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which 等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Those who wa

35、nt to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動詞用復(fù)

36、數(shù)形式The police are looking for the lost child.The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班）Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學(xué)生）由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of

37、/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，還有a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞有類似的用法（用復(fù)數(shù)），但the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number 而定（用單數(shù)）。A n

38、umber of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.邏輯意義一致原則What, who, which, an

39、y, more, all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)， 主要靠意思來決定。Which is your bag? Which are your bags?Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done. All is going well.All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.表示時間重量長度價值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。Thirty minute

40、s is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如強(qiáng)調(diào)這類詞的復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。The United States is smaller than China.“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。One and a half

41、apples is left on the table.一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞， 實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。I dont think physics is easy to study.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(the) pai

42、r of 等量詞修飾時（clothes被a suit of 修飾）謂語動詞用單數(shù)。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就近/遠(yuǎn)一致原則當(dāng)兩個主語由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主

43、語保持一致,即就近一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be 動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and 連接的兩個主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個主語保持一致，即就近一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk

44、 and two chairs in the room.主語后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短語， 謂語動詞要跟主語一致，即就遠(yuǎn)一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nob

45、ody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.I. 形容詞 1.形容詞的位置：形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況下后置 高考英語語法考點(diǎn)大全1 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時 nobody abse

46、nt, everything possible 2 以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后 the best book available, the only solution possible 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語時后置 the only person awake 4 和空間、時間、單位連用時 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成對的形容詞可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容詞短語一般后置 a man difficult to g

47、et on with 7 enough修飾名詞時可以前置也可以后置，但修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置 _to take his adventure course will certainly learn alot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 注意：多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。規(guī)則：限定語(The

48、、A)+ 描繪性形容詞 + size(小)+ shape(形狀)+ age(年齡、時間)+ color(顏色)+ origin(國籍、來源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名詞。This _ girl is Lindas cousin. (05北京卷)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-year3.形容詞(短語)作伴隨狀語As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當(dāng)他看著山羊的時候，山羊翻了個身，死了。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困