農(nóng)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)前四周重點(diǎn)整理

1、題型：12農(nóng)二一、術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯（1*20=20分）前四周TextA課文及課后練習(xí)題中出現(xiàn)的術(shù)語(yǔ)二、問答題（3*5=15分）15 個(gè)問答題出5個(gè)三、選詞填空（1*10=10分）涉及到前四周所學(xué)詞匯，每單元課后題及TextA詞匯考察。四、翻譯（3*5=15分）英譯漢3個(gè)漢譯英2個(gè)Unit1Words （ TextA）Taxo no mist分類學(xué)者 chlorophyll葉綠素fungi真菌herbivore草食動(dòng)物 carnivore肉食動(dòng)物 omnivore雜食動(dòng)物 photosynthesis光合作用 glucose葡萄糖 cellulose 纖維素 pigment色素 carotene 胡蘿卜

2、素 xanthophyll葉黃素 thallophyta原生植物 embryophyta胚生植物 phylum門protista原生生物 gymn osperm 裸子植物 an giosperm 被子植物 prehistoric史前的；陳腐的 vascular pla nt導(dǎo)管植物 mono cotyledon單子葉植物 dicotyledo n雙子葉植物 cotyledon 子葉 parasitic 寄生的 stomata孑L;氣孑L deciduous 每年落葉的 petal 花瓣 stamen 雄蕊 pollen 花粉 pistil 雌蕊 fertilization 受精 ovary 子

3、房Words （TextB）adequate適當(dāng)?shù)模蛔銐虻?advocator擁護(hù)者；提倡者 aeration通風(fēng) aeroponic太空的 alteration變更 alternative二者可選其一的（事物）appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?bark樹皮challe nge挑戰(zhàn) cucumber黃瓜 compost混合肥料；堆肥 con duct進(jìn)行 drain排水，引流 conventionally按照慣例地 deficiency缺乏 ecological生態(tài)學(xué)的fertility 肥沃，豐產(chǎn) economical節(jié)約的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的horticulturalist園藝家 hydroponics水

4、耕法；水栽培insecticide殺蟲劑inert media惰性的媒介 infancy有你那innovative創(chuàng)新的 lettuce 萬苣；生菜malfunction 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不正常 maximize 最佳化；最大化 optimum 最適宜的orchid蘭花pebble小圓石；小鵝卵石practice習(xí)慣做法 predict預(yù)知；預(yù)言principal主要的，首要的remarkable杰出的；非凡的 reservoir蓄水池 restrict限制sample 樣本 shavings 刨花 significantly 顯著地 suspend 吊，懸掛 switch 轉(zhuǎn)換；轉(zhuǎn)變 territory

5、 領(lǐng)土，地域 tulip有E金香 vary 改變 initial capital倉(cāng)U辦資本，啟動(dòng)資金 graverl substrate 砂礫培養(yǎng)基wich system 毛細(xì)傳送系統(tǒng)NT養(yǎng)分膜技術(shù)_processed clay 加工過的黏土Ebb and flow 潮差無土栽培法_EC: Electrical Conductivity 電導(dǎo)率Fill the bla nk1）Some of those carb on products tran sfer from the roots to symbiotic fungi and soil microbes, which store the

6、carb on in the soil as humus.這些含碳化合物有部分從根部被共生真菌和土壤中的微生物攝取，最后變成腐殖質(zhì)儲(chǔ)存在土壤里。2）Usually the more basal and term inal no des are less floriferous, or not at all.通常越近基部或頂端的節(jié)上花芽越少，或根本沒有。3）Fill a clean container to within 2 inch of the top with a slightly damp soil mixture.用一種輕微潮濕的土壤混合物在2英尺內(nèi)填滿一個(gè)干凈的容器。4）Algae

7、can make the leap from start to finish directly, whereas vascular plants cannot.海藻可以直接從開始蹦到結(jié)束，而導(dǎo)管植物不可以。5) When we look at the base of a petal we can notice that the color blends into other colors with a light gradie nt.當(dāng)我們觀察花瓣的根部時(shí)，我們可以注意到花瓣的顏色有一個(gè)輕微的漸變。6) Under foot the leaves were dry, and the folia

8、ge of some holly bushes which grew among the deciduous trees was dense eno ugh to keep off draughts.腳下的樹葉已經(jīng)干枯了,在這塊落葉林中間，長(zhǎng)著一些冬青灌木，它們稠密的樹葉足可以擋風(fēng)。7) Recently scientists have discovered a remarkably primitive eel in a fringing reef off the coast of the Republic of Palau.最近科學(xué)家們?cè)谂羷诠埠蛧?guó)沿海的裙礁上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種非常古老的原始鰻魚。8

9、) The theory is that antioxidants soak up tissue - damaging chemicals called free radicals.其原理便是抗氧化劑可以吸收自由基這種破壞組織的化學(xué)物9) Moreover, some very widespread tropical parasitic diseases reduce nu trie nt absorpti on, impair the developme nt of men tal functions, and compromise educati onal outcomes.此外，有些熱帶

10、寄生蟲病的傳播十分廣泛，這降低了營(yíng)養(yǎng)物的吸收，損害了心理機(jī)能的發(fā)育，并危及到教育的成果。10) Extra glucose is stored in your liver, muscles and other cells for later use or is con verted to fat. 額外的葡萄糖則儲(chǔ)存在你的肝臟、肌肉以及其它的細(xì)胞中稍后使用，或者轉(zhuǎn)化為脂肪。Tran slatio nStems vary greatly in size,appearance,and structure.Most stems are aerial they grow abovethe gro un

11、 d.The stems of woody pla nts in clude large amounts of woody xylem tissue.The stems of herbaceous plants are usually green and fairly weak.They include little woody xylem tissue. In gen eral,aerial stems hold up the bran ches,leaves,a nd flowers.They also carry food,water,a nd min erals betwee n th

12、e roots and other pla nt structures.Some stems are subterra neantheygrow below the groun d.Ma ny subterra nean stems have special storage or root-like structures such as bulbs,corms,rhizomes,a nd tubers.Most stem have buds which make leaves,bra nches,or flowers.The bud at the end of a stem is called

13、 the term inal bud .It con trols the lett ing out of pla nt hormones that regulate growth.Buds along the sides of the stem are called lateral buds.Each lateral bud forms at a place on the stem called a node.Flowers sometimes grow just above the node,in the axil .Many stems have tiny openings called

14、lenticels. The lenticels let gases pass into and out of the stem.植物的莖在大小，外觀及結(jié)構(gòu)上差別很大。大部分莖是長(zhǎng)于地面之上的。木本植物的莖內(nèi)含有大量的木質(zhì)組織，而草本植物的莖則呈綠色且較為脆弱，其中只含有少量的木本組織?？偟膩碚f，地上莖支撐著植物的枝，葉及花，同時(shí)在根與其它的植株結(jié)構(gòu)間傳遞養(yǎng)料，水及礦 物質(zhì)。一些植物的莖長(zhǎng)于地下。許多地下莖擁有特殊的類似于根的存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，譬如鱗莖，球莖，根莖以及塊莖等。大部分莖是有芽的，芽又可以發(fā)成葉，枝或者花。位于莖尾部的芽也 稱作頂芽，頂芽控制著促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)的植物激素的釋放。莖側(cè)面的芽稱作側(cè)

15、芽。每一個(gè)側(cè)芽成形于莖的節(jié)上。有時(shí)候花正好長(zhǎng)在節(jié)的上部，也就是葉腋。很多植物的莖有些小的開口我們稱之為皮孔。皮孔可以使氣體進(jìn)出莖部。Questio ns1. What is the definition of plant kingdom?植物王國(guó)的定義是什么？Plant kingdom is a group classification that includes all living and extinct plants植物王國(guó)是一個(gè)包括所有活著的和滅絕的植物的群體分類2. What are the differences between plant and animals? 植物和動(dòng)物之間

16、的區(qū)別是什么 ?differences in make food (para2-3) 獲得食物的區(qū)別 differences in moving or not (para.4) 是否移動(dòng)的區(qū)別 differences in being limited in size or not (para5) 是否受形態(tài)大小限制的區(qū)別 differences in cells (para.6) 細(xì)胞的區(qū)別3. What are the structures of flowering plants? 開花植物的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么 ?Flowering plants have vegetative structures

17、 (roots, stems, leaves) and reproductive structures (flowers, fruits, seeds).開花植物有營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官(根莖葉) ,生殖器官(花，果實(shí)，種子)組成。4. What are the advantages of soilless agriculture? 無土農(nóng)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么 ?Loss of soil, the problem of chemicals ,the excessive need for fertilizer and water, and low productivity can be listed as the

18、leading reasons for swithing to soilless agriculture. 水土流失問題， 化學(xué)品， 化肥和水的過度需求， 和較低的生產(chǎn)率可以列為轉(zhuǎn)換無土栽培的主 要原因 .5. What are the challenges to soilless agriculture? 無土農(nóng)業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)是什么 ?First and foremost ,it requires higher initial capital for technological investment and modern equipment .首先，它需要技術(shù)投資和現(xiàn)代設(shè)備較高的初始資本W(wǎng)hat

19、is more,high degree of management skills is necessary for solution preparation ,maintenance of PH , EC ,nutrient deficiency judgment and correction ,ensuring aeration, maintenance of favorable condition inside protected structures ,etc.If the system malfunctions environmental pollution may result.更重

20、要的是，管理能力的高度是溶液制備的必要，pH , EC的維護(hù)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏的判斷和校正,確保通風(fēng)，有利條件在保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的維護(hù)，如果出現(xiàn)故障可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染Unit2Words ( TextA )accumulate 積累，堆積 additive 添加劑 aquatic 水棲的，水中的 conserve 保護(hù)，保存 biodiversity 生物多樣性 characteristic 特點(diǎn)，特征；特有的，典型的 coordinate 使協(xié)調(diào) distribute 分配，散播 distributor 發(fā)行人，產(chǎn)品配送人 dynamic 有活力的，動(dòng)態(tài)的 ecology 生態(tài) ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

21、 efficiency 效率，效能 emulate與競(jìng)爭(zhēng) ensure確保，擔(dān)保 equity公平，公正 excessive過度的，過分的 external 外部的，外觀的 fertilizer 肥料，化肥 formulate 構(gòu)想，規(guī)劃，闡述 habitat 棲息地 impact 影響，作用，沖擊 internal 內(nèi)部的，內(nèi)政的，體內(nèi)的 indigenous 本土的，固有的 indivisible 不可分的 landscape 風(fēng)景，景觀，地形 maintenance 維修，維護(hù) marine 海的，海運(yùn)的 modify 修改，更改 nitrate 硝酸鹽 nutritious 營(yíng)養(yǎng)的 o

22、rganic 有機(jī)的 organism 有機(jī)體，生物體 practitioner 從業(yè)者 precautionary 預(yù)防的 preventive 預(yù)防的；預(yù)防措施 productivity 生產(chǎn)力，生產(chǎn)率 processor 食品加工人，辦理事務(wù)的人，處理器 regeneration 再生，重建 sustain 支撐，使繼續(xù) synthetic 合成的，人造的 tend 照顧；傾向，易于( to) valid 有效的，有根據(jù)的 well-being 健康，幸福 free-living organism 非寄生生物 trace element 微量元素 with regard to 關(guān)于 be

23、 attributed to 歸因于harmful effects 有害影響 contribute to 為 做貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致 genetically modified 轉(zhuǎn)基因的food additives 食品添加劑 in a . manner 以的方式 /方法at the risk of 冒著的危險(xiǎn) be characterized by 以為特色Words （TextB） diverge分開，分歧 arugula芝麻菜disdain鄙視，輕蔑 forgo放棄disparity不一致 perennial多年生的imidacloprid吡蟲啉（一種殺蟲劑） deploy施展開；施展；部署 Fil

24、l the bla nk1）The esse nee 實(shí)質(zhì)，根本）of moder n economy is to conserve e nergy without hamperi ng（ 妨礙） the grow ing economy.2）A healthy diet is not to take in excessive amount of any kind of food.3）Genetically modified species can ensure higher productivity. Meanwhile arguments on their n egative effect

25、s on huma n body and morality have arise n.4）The ways in which people carry out agricultural and in dustrial product ion have Ion g-last ing impact on the existenee of human being.5）Orga nic agriculture aims to coordin ate the relati on ships betwee n huma n dema nds and the en viro nment we are liv

26、i ng in.6）Modern ecological means should be taken to protect the original（本土的）Metasequoia（水杉）population and its habitat.7）Some species varieties only distribute in areas where living conditions are favorable（ 有利的） to them.8）Organic farmers try to avoid the use of fertilizers , pesticides, animal dru

27、gs and food additives that may have harmful health effects.9）With people awareness of environment growing, the strategy（戰(zhàn)略）of sustainable development has become the core（核心、重心 ）of most countries.10）Pla nts and ani mals will adapt better to the environment whe n some favorable traits（ 特性） have been a

28、ccumulated in them.Tran slatio nOrga nic farming is the product ion of food using all n atural methods-avoidi ng all syn thetic chemicals and genetically modified organisms, with “ zerm pact ”n environment and leaving the earth in its n atural state after the harvest.In order for organic farmers and

29、 practitioners to have a clear path to follow, several principles have been formulated. These principles apply to agriculture in the broadest sense, in cludi ng the way people tend soil, waters, pla nts and ani mals in order to produce, prepare and distribute food and other goods.有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是指在食物生產(chǎn)過程中完全采用純

30、天然的方法，而非人工合成化學(xué)物和轉(zhuǎn)基因的手段進(jìn)行的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式，這種生產(chǎn)方式對(duì)環(huán)境無危害并且在收割后保持土壤原貌。為使農(nóng)民和從業(yè)者能對(duì)此有明確的概念，我們提出了幾個(gè)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)必須要遵循的原則。 此些原則最廣義的適用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，其中包括人們?yōu)槭澄锖推渌a(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)、預(yù)加工和分配而采用的料理土壤、水資源、植物和動(dòng)物的方式方法。Questio ns6. What are the principles of organic farming ?有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的原則是什么？Principle of health :organic agriculture should sustain and improve the

31、health of soil,pla nts,a ni mals,huma ns and the pla net as one and in divisible.健康：有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)原則應(yīng)保持和改善土壤，植物，動(dòng)物的健康，人類和地球作為一個(gè)整體，不 可分割。Principle of ecology : organic agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles,work with them,emulate them and help susta in them.生態(tài)原則：有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)以有生命的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和循環(huán)，與

32、他們一起工作，并幫助維持他們模仿他們。Prin ciple of fairness :orga nic agriculture should build on relati on ships that en sure fairness with regard to the com mon en vir onment and life opport un ities.公平原則：有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)建立起關(guān)系，確保公平享受公共環(huán)境和生存機(jī)遇。Prin ciple of care : orga nic agriculture should be man aged in a precauti on ary a

33、nd resp on sible manner or protect the health and well-be ing of curre nt and future gen erati ons and the en viro nment關(guān)愛原則：有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)以預(yù)防性和負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度或保護(hù)健康和當(dāng)前和未來幾代人和環(huán)境健康 管理7. What is the defi niti on of orga nic farming?有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的定義是什么 ？orga nic farming is the product ion of food using all n atural methods-avoid

34、ing all syn thetic chemicals and gen etically modified orga ni sms ,with“ zDoimiperai and leavingpthe earth in its n atural state after the harvest.有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是使用全天然的方法避免人工合成的化學(xué)物質(zhì)和轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的生產(chǎn)，以零污染”收獲后的環(huán)境和離開地球的自然狀態(tài)。8. What are the aims of orga nic agriculture ?有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的目的是什么 ？Orga nic agriculture should en sure fa

35、ir ness at all levels and to all parties-farmers,workers ,processors ,distributors ,traders and con sumers .The aims of orga nic agriculture should in clude a good quality of life , food and reduct ion of poverty.有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)確保公平和各級(jí)各方的農(nóng)民，工人，處理器，經(jīng)銷商，貿(mào)易商和消費(fèi)者有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的目標(biāo)應(yīng)包括良好的生活質(zhì)量，食品和減少貧困。Unit3Wordsage nt 制劑 amino

36、 氨基的 aquaculture 水產(chǎn)業(yè) assimilate 同化 bacterium 纟田菌（復(fù)數(shù) bacteria） breed物種；繁殖 chromosome染色體 clone克隆composition組成，合成物，成分 con tribute有助于，促成desirable令人想要的，希望的 disarm解除，摘除 drought干旱domesticate馴化，馴服 elevate增加，舉高 embryo胚胎engineer操縱，設(shè)計(jì)；工程師 en zyme 酶 feed 飼料 herbicide 除草劑 horm one 激素 in corporate 合并；合并的infection

37、傳染，影響，傳染病insertion （基因）嵌入isolation分離，隔離label標(biāo)簽；分類livestock 家畜，牲畜 maize 玉米 malnutrition 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良 manipulation 控制 medicinal 醫(yī)學(xué)的 microinject顯微注射 molecular分子的nitrogen氮offspring后代（復(fù)數(shù)不變） ova卵子（ovum的復(fù)數(shù)）parasite寄生蟲 pharmaceutical藥用的 protein蛋白potential潛能，潛力；可能的，潛在的range范圍，行列；排列，歸類于recombi nant 重組體 reproductive 生

38、殖的resista nee抵抗力，反抗ripe n成熟 rot腐爛soybean大豆，黃豆 species物種，種類 sperm精子 strain （動(dòng)植物的）品系，類型 tissue （動(dòng)植物的）組織 trait特征transgenic轉(zhuǎn)基因的 transplantation 移植tumor腫瘤 vne 藤，蔓 Bt 抗蟲基因 fertilized ovum 受精卵 genetically modified（GM）轉(zhuǎn)基因的germ cells 生殖纟田胞 sub-zero 低于零度 commercializatio n 商品化 con tam in ate 弄臟，污染 forum 論壇 mu

39、tate （使）變異，（使）突變 threaten威脅 variety多樣，種類Fill the bla nk1）Fortunately, cloning research is not a technique for reproductive purposes, but to cure human diseases.幸運(yùn)的是，克隆研究不是一項(xiàng)以復(fù)制為目的的技術(shù)，反之，而是為了治療人類的疾病。2）The pla nt requiresn itroge n in order to make prote ins.植物需要氮以便制造蛋白質(zhì)。3）For example, when we domesti

40、cate animals, especially a companion animal like a dog, we are plac ing new dema nds upon it.例如，當(dāng)我們馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)物時(shí)，特別是像狗這樣的寵物，我們對(duì)它會(huì)有新的要求。4) Recomb inant gene tech no logy is widely employed in research and developme nt for stra in improveme nt.重組基因技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用于菌種改良的研究和開發(fā)。5) It is believed that it inhibits an enzym

41、e that promotes cell proliferation in tumours.據(jù)信它能抑制一種能在腫瘤中促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖的酶的生成。6) The first tran sge nic pla nt - a tobacco pla nt resista nt to an an tibiotic - was created in 1983.第一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)基因植物-抗抗生素?zé)煵菔窃?983年被創(chuàng)造出來的。7) Genetically altered soybeans and cotton require less herbicide to control weeds. These varieti

42、es now make up more than 70 percent of all soybean and cotton acreage planted in theUn ited States.轉(zhuǎn)基因的大豆和棉花不需要那么多除草劑來控制雜草，這些品種現(xiàn)在占美國(guó)大豆和棉花種植面積的70鳩上。8) Insulin is the main hormone that we have full control over daily through our diet and lifestyle.胰島素是我們可以通過日常飲食和生活方式來控制的主要激素。9) To effectively combat s

43、uch malnu triti on and under-no urishme nt, 20 g of ani mal prote in per pers on per day or 7.3 kg per year should be provided.為了有效地戰(zhàn)勝這類營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足，每人每天需要20克的動(dòng)物蛋白或每年 7.3公斤動(dòng)物蛋白。10) Gene diag no sis has also bee n used in tissue engin eeri ng, such as donor and recipie nt zygosity during stem cell trans

44、plantation and organ transplantation, skin tissue engineering.基因診斷也被應(yīng)用于組織工程的相關(guān)領(lǐng)域，如干細(xì)胞移植及器官移植的供受體配型，皮膚組織工程等研究中。Tran slatio nA string of suicides among farmers have crippled the rural Mharashtra region of India, all of whom have taken their lives allegedly after deep financial troubles cause by farmin

45、g GM crops. Accord ing to an ti-GM campaig ners, the local farmers were promised by the local gover nment and US-based GM Compa nies of larger crop yields and higher in come if they switch from traditi onal farmi ng to pla nting GM seeds in stead. The catch is, GM seeds are 10 times more expe nsive

46、tha n traditi onal seeds, which prompted farmers to borrow money from lending compa ni es.The campaig n was exte nsive. Traditi onal varieties were banned in many gover nment seed ban ks. The authorities labeled the GM sees as“ magical ” , claiming that thfreHops are pestHowever, the GM crops have f

47、ailed for more tha n farming cycle. Accord ing to an ti-GM advocates, the farmers were n ever in formed that GM seeds require double the amount of water, which can be hard to come by in a country currently suffering from drought. There are also reports that some GM crops have been devastated by boll

48、worms, a type of parasite, which left the famers come back to suing pesticides.農(nóng)民們的一系列自殺嚴(yán)重影響著印度中西部馬哈拉施特拉邦的鄉(xiāng)村，據(jù)宣稱，所有這些自殺者是在種植轉(zhuǎn)基因作物后陷入深深的債務(wù)危機(jī)中而自尋短見的。根據(jù)反對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因運(yùn)動(dòng)人士所說，當(dāng)?shù)卣兔绹?guó)轉(zhuǎn)基因公司當(dāng)?shù)氐淖庸鞠蜣r(nóng)民承諾，如果他們由傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)到種植轉(zhuǎn)基因種子，莊稼的收成會(huì)大幅提高， 并帶來更高的收入。 隱情卻是轉(zhuǎn)基因種子的價(jià)格比傳統(tǒng)種子高出十倍，這使得農(nóng)民們要向貸款公司借錢。這次活動(dòng)規(guī)模很大，許多政府的種子庫(kù)禁止出售許多傳統(tǒng)品種。權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)給轉(zhuǎn)基因種

49、子標(biāo)記為具有魔力的種子，聲稱這些莊稼具有抗蟲能力。然而轉(zhuǎn)基因作物在農(nóng)事耕作整個(gè)周期內(nèi)外都是大敗。根據(jù)反對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因運(yùn)動(dòng)人士所說，農(nóng)民們從來就沒有被告知轉(zhuǎn)基因種子需要原有用水量的一倍，這塊鄉(xiāng)村土地正遭受旱災(zāi)肆虐， 不可能得到這么多水。還有報(bào)道說，有一些轉(zhuǎn)基因作物被一種寄生蟲，也就是螟蛉蟲破壞， 這使農(nóng)民們又轉(zhuǎn)回頭使用殺蟲劑。Questio ns9. What are the major challe nges of emplo ying tran sge nic tech no logy?利用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的主要挑戰(zhàn)是什么？Many challe nges are ahead for gover nme

50、nts , especially in the areas of safety test ing, regulati on ,intern ati onal policy and food labeli ng. We must proceed with cauti on to avoid caus ing uninten ded harm to huma n health and the en vir onment as a result of our en thusiasm for this powerful tech no logy.政府面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是在安全監(jiān)測(cè)、管制、國(guó)際政策和食品

51、標(biāo)簽方面。鑒于對(duì)這種強(qiáng)大 科技的熱情，我們必須謹(jǐn)慎行事以避免對(duì)人類健康和環(huán)境造成傷害。10. What are the adva ntages of tran sge nic crops?轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么？1) reduce the amount of chemical pesticides in the en viro nment減少環(huán)境中的化學(xué)農(nóng)藥2) resistanee to drought 抗旱 3)resistanee to heat 耐高溫 4)resistanee to disease 抗災(zāi)5)resistanee to insecticide 抗殺蟲劑 6)resist

52、anee to cold 抗寒7)resistanee to acid soils 抗酸土 8)resistanee to heavy metals 抗重金屬9)nutritious and stable in storage 富有營(yíng)養(yǎng)，長(zhǎng)期儲(chǔ)存10)resistanee to rot 抗腐爛11. What is tran sge nic tech no logy?轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)是什么？Tran sge nic tech no logy, also known as gen etically modified orga nism (GMO tech no logy), is the artifi

53、cial separation and modified genetic payload to biology genome, due to the import of gene expressi on, cause of livi ng orga ni sms of gen etic modificati on can be characters.轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)，也被稱為轉(zhuǎn)基因生物技術(shù)(GMO技術(shù)),它引入基因的表述，通過人工分離和修改生物基因組中的基因負(fù)載，對(duì)生物體進(jìn)行基因改造。12. What are the differe nces betwee n the tran sge nic te

54、ch no logy and cl.什么是轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)之間的差異和cl？Cloning is the way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It s a process by copythe genes without sexual propagation. It s mainly used in producing milk and meat . Whiletran sge nic tech no logy is achieved through the in put of new genes into the vege

55、tables and an imals.克隆是制造另一個(gè)動(dòng)物或植物的精確復(fù)制的方式。這是一個(gè)復(fù)制的基因沒有有性繁殖過程。它主要用于牛奶和肉類生產(chǎn)。而轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)是通過新的基因加入蔬菜和動(dòng)物的輸入實(shí)現(xiàn)Unit4Wordscentralize 集中，實(shí)行，中央集權(quán)globalization 全球化 homogenization 均一化 pledge 許諾con text場(chǎng)合，背景，環(huán)境，來龍去脈in equality不平等in equity不公正intensification增強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化；加緊，加劇 project計(jì)劃；發(fā)射；投射；突出；闡述stagnate淤塞；腐??；失去活力epizootic動(dòng)物流

56、行病的 niche合適位置threshold 下限 horticultural 園藝的 watershed 分水嶺，流域 poultry 家禽 shelf-life上架期infrastructure 公共建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè) nutriceutical營(yíng)養(yǎng)素 urba ni zati on 城市化 medicalizati on 醫(yī)療化 in corporate 使并入 complace nt 滿足的，自滿的 accessibility易接近，可親，易受影響 coordination協(xié)調(diào)，整理，同等，對(duì)等 multilateral多邊的，多國(guó)間的，多方的 subsidy津貼，補(bǔ)貼 off-season

57、淡季Fill the bla nk1.It is this specificity of crops, soils and animals that, over the centuries, has led to the great diversity and rich ness in agriculture.2. Now the public eye is focused on globalization .3. The World Food Summit in 1996 pledged to reduce by half the number of hungry people by2015

58、.4. This, coupled with decreasing farm subsidies, will result in a need for greater efficiency at the farm level.5. Consumer demands-especially for-chemoically contaminated food ” , are expected to boostto some 15-20% the market share of orga nic food by 2020.6. Agriculture in general is declining in economic importance and hence in public opinion.7. It will