（推薦）初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法班

1、初中語(yǔ)法第三課七、介詞1、介詞的主要用法：2、介詞的分類表： (見(jiàn)下表) 地點(diǎn)(位置、范圍)介詞： 方向(目標(biāo)趨向)介詞： 時(shí)間介詞： 方式介詞： 涉及介詞: 其它介詞: 【目的介詞】 【原因介詞】 【比較介詞】 【伴隨/狀態(tài)介詞】 3、介詞短語(yǔ)的句法作用： 4、某些介詞的用法辨析： 時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別： after與in表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別： since與for表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別： by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別： about與on的用法區(qū)別： through與across、over的用法區(qū)別：(7)as與like的區(qū)別： (8)in front of 與in t

2、he front of： (9)except與besides的區(qū)別：八、動(dòng)詞1、動(dòng)詞的分類：類 別意 義例 句實(shí)義動(dòng)詞含有實(shí)在的意義,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),在句子中能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot of potatoes. 他們常吃土豆。Im reading an English book now.我現(xiàn)在正看一本英文書(shū)。連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。His father is a teacher.他父親是教師。Twins usually look the same.雙胞胎通常看起來(lái)一樣。The t

3、eacher became very angry. 老師變得很生氣。助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)表示否定、疑問(wèn)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)或其它語(yǔ)法形式,助動(dòng)詞自身有人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。He doesnt speak English. 他不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。We are playing basketball. 我們?cè)诖蚧@球。Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟嗎？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義,不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化,有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式。You can keep the boo

4、ks for two weeks.這些書(shū)你可以借兩個(gè)星期。May I smoke here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？We must go now. 我們現(xiàn)在得走了。重要注解：(1) 關(guān)于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：(2) 關(guān)于連系動(dòng)詞： 連系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),連系動(dòng)詞后面常為形容詞。 常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、 go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等。(3) 關(guān)于助動(dòng)詞：常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有：用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;用

5、于完成時(shí)的have(has,had,having) ;用于將來(lái)時(shí)的shall (should) ; will (would)和用于一般時(shí)的do(does,did) . 助動(dòng)詞必須同主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)一致,也就是說(shuō)因主語(yǔ)人稱、數(shù)的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助動(dòng)詞也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：shall, will, should, would. (4) 關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使

6、用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面必須加動(dòng)詞的原形。 2、動(dòng)詞詞形變化一覽表：(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表：規(guī) 則變 化原形動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾情況現(xiàn)在時(shí)單三人稱現(xiàn) 在 分 詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞一般情況+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾+es+ing+ed輔音字母+y結(jié)尾yi,+es+ingyi,+ed重讀閉音節(jié)一元一輔結(jié)尾+s雙寫(xiě)輔音字母,+ing雙寫(xiě)輔音字母,+ed不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+s去掉e,+ing+die結(jié)尾+siey,+ing+d不規(guī)則變化havehas；beis(無(wú)) (見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表)注意：在加ing或ed時(shí)動(dòng)詞如果以“r”結(jié)尾,尾音節(jié)又重讀的動(dòng)詞,“r”應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)。s/es的讀音規(guī)則：在清輔音后讀s；在濁輔音

7、后和元音后讀z；在 s 、 F、z、tF、dV后讀iz.ed的讀音規(guī)則：在清輔音后讀t；在濁輔音后和元音后讀d；在t、d后讀id.(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表：( 原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞)3、be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí)一 般 將 來(lái) 時(shí)現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時(shí)I am.You are.He/She/It is.We/You/They are.(I等各人稱) will be.I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are I have been.You have been.She/he/It has been.We/You/They have bee

8、n.一 般 過(guò) 去 時(shí)過(guò) 去 將 來(lái) 時(shí)過(guò) 去 完 成 時(shí)I was.You were.He/She/It was.We/You/They were.(I等各人稱) would be.I was He/She/It was going to be We/You/They were I had been.You had been.She/he/It had been.We/You/They had been.注意：句型變化時(shí),否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以縮寫(xiě)為nt (am后面not不

9、可以縮寫(xiě))；疑問(wèn)句將am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。4、八種時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) (2) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) (4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (5)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) (6)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (7) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) (8) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) (9)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)一選用can, could, may, must, shall, should, will, would, cant, mustnt, neednt或have to 填空:1. There is air around us, thought we _ see

10、it.2. Your mother is getting better and better. You _ worry about her.3. You _ play football in the busy street.4. “_ it be true ?.” “Yes. It _ be true indeed.”5. Tom _ come to the party tonight, but Im not sure.6. _ you please fetch me some water for me?7. Young trees _ be planted in spring.8. “Mus

11、t we hand in our exercise books today?” “Yes, you _.” “No, you _.”9. “May I take this magazine out of the reading-room?” “Yes, you _.” “No, you _.”10. Please speak a little louder so that I _ hear you.1. If you are not careful in the street, a car _ hit you. A. can B. may C. would D. must2. May I wa

12、tch TV now, mum? -No, you _. You _ do your homework first.A. dont; must B. dont; cant C. cant; must D. cant; can3. Mr. John, we must hand in our work today, _? -No, you _. But you must bring it to school tomorrow.A. neednt we; mustnt B. mustnt we; needntC. mustnt you; mustnt D. neednt we; neednt4. H

13、e isnt in the school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must5. Children _ play on the road or in the street. It is dangerous.A. may not B. mustnt C. couldnt D. neednt6. Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it _be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need7. Can

14、you ride a bike-No, I _.A. may not B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt8. Must I return the book this morning? -No, you _. But you _ return it before supper.A. neednt; must B. mustnt; can C. mustnt; may D. cant; need9. You _ to go and see the doctor right now. A. must B. should C. have D. will10. Dont play w

15、ith the knife. You _ hurt yourself. A. may B. should C. have to D. need11. What _ I do for you, madam?A. may B. must C. can D. will12. Youre made the same mistake again. How _ you be so careless!A. shall B. may C. can D. must13.Peter _ come with us this afternoon, but he isnt very sure yet.A. shall

16、B. may C. can D. must14.Dont worry! The news _ be true.A. may not B. mustnt C. will not D. neednt15.The traffic _ stop when the lights are red in the street.A. cant B. dont have to C. mustnt D. must16.Look! It _ be the new headmaster.-It _ be him. He went to Beijing yesterday.A. can; mustnt B. can;

17、cant C. must; cant D. must; may17._ I close the window? Its so cold here.A. Must B. Will C. Need D. Shall18.You _ return the bike now. You can keep it till tomorrow if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not19.You _ yourself about money.A. neednt worry B. neednt to worryC. dont need worry D.

18、 neednt be worry20. Many people want to see you. _ they wait here or outside?A. Do B. Will C. Need D. Shall21. _ I ask your name, please?A. Will B. Shall C. May D. Must22.You _ do it even if you dont want to.A. cant B. mustnt C. have to D. neednt23. I _ like someone to take me to the museum.A. will

19、B. would C. shall D. need24.Look, what you have done! You _ more careful.A. may be B. had to C. should be D. should25.The girl in white must be a nurse, _?A. isnt she B. mustnt she C. may not she D. didnt she26.Its a fine day today. You _ take a raincoat with you.A. mustnt B. dont need C. neednt D.

20、cant27.You _ wash your hands before meals. It is good for your health. A. may B. can C. have to D. must28. “Can you sing the song in English?”“No, I _.”A. may not B. mustnt C. neednt D. cant29.Will you stay for supper?-Sorry, I _. My sister is coming to see me.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont30.M

21、ust I return this book this afternoon? No, you _. But you _ return it before supper.A. mustnt; can B. cant; needC. neednt; must D. mustnt; may31.-_ the girl be sent to hospital at once? -No, she neednt. Shell be all right soon.A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)1. Neither of us _ a doctor.A. were B.

22、 am C. is D. are2. Ill talk to him when he _.A. come B. will come C. comes D. came3. . Well go climbing if it _ tomorrow.A. wont rain B. did rain C. isnt rain D. doesnt rain4. . I dont know if it _ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rain5. . Most people _ TV.A. enjoy to watch B. enjoy w

23、atch C. enjoy watching D. enjoys watching6. .Father _ his cap and went out.A. put on B. puts on C. had put D. will put on7.Peter _ the work in a week.A. have finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. will finish8.The students _ the History Museum if it _ fine tomorrow.A. will visit.is B. will visitwil

24、l be C. would visit was D. would visitwould be9._ she _ her lessons at seven yesterday evening A. Wasgoing over B. Isgo over C. Hasgone over D. Willgo over10. .He cant go to the cinema with me because he _ a meeting.A. was having B. would have C. is having D. had11.Both of the two dictionaries _ ver

25、y useful.A. are B. is C. was D. am12. Nobody _ the answer.A. have known B. knew C. didnt know D. are knowing13. . At the age of eleven, my grandfather _ to work in a factory.A. began B. has begun C. will begin D. begins14. . One day while I _ along the street, I _ someone calling.A. walkedwas hearin

26、g B. was walkinghas heard C. was walkinghad heard D. was walkingheard15. Neither I nor he _.A. can swims well B. are swimming well C. swims well D. have swum well16. . _ you _ where your sister has gone A. Did know B. Willknow C. Areknow D. Do know17. Betty _ morning exercises yesterday.A. not did B

27、. dont do C. didnt do D. wont do18. The door of her room _ every day.A. are not cleaned B. not are cleaned C. is not cleaned D. not is cleaned19. .Another railway bridge _ there now.A. is building B. is being built C. is built D. has been built20. . _ this film _ last week A. Didshow B. Hasbeen show

28、n C. Wasshown D. Wasbe shown21. .He told me that the composition _ by him.A. was not written B. not was written C. is not written D. not is written22._ the play _ again next week A. Willput on B. Isput on C. Will beput on D. Willbe put on23.She _ to a hospital at once.A. must send B. must be sent C.

29、 must to be sent D. had to send24. . Mike usually _ up at six in the morning.A. get B. gets C. got D. will get25. The sun _ us light and heat.A. give B. gives C. will give D. often give26.Tom looked sad and cried , I _ terrible !A. am feeling B feels C. will feel D. have felt27.At that time , things

30、 _ hard for the working people.A. is B. are C. was D. were28. Long long ago, there _ a farmer in a small village.A. are B. were C. is D. lived29. We _ a meeting these days.A. have B. had C. are having D. were having30. I _ the boy in the classroom just now .A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen31.

31、Mr Black was surprised, I _ I lost my wallet. A. know B. dont know C. knew D. didnt know32.The guard said, I am sorry. I _ .A. dont know it is you B. didnt know it is you C. dont know it was you D. didnt know it was you33.He is going to be a doctor when he _.A. grow up B. grows up C. will grow up D.

32、 is going to grow up34. Ill tell him all about it as soon as he _.A. come back B. comes back C. will come back D. is going come back35. _ we set off right away A. Will B. Shall C. Are D. Do36. It seems it _.A. will rain B. shall rain C. rains D. is going to rain37. My little sister _ six next month.

33、A. will be B. shall be C. can be D. is going to 38. Go down the street and turn right at the first crossing . You _ our school.A. find B. will find C. shall find D. are going to find39. Its nothing serious. Your son _ all right by supper time.A. will be B. shall be C. is D. is going to be40. Work hard, and you _ catch up with the others.A. can be B. Will C. shall D.