供熱工程課程設(shè)計說明書

1、第一章 設(shè)計條件1.1 設(shè)計概況1.建筑物所在地區(qū)：西寧2.建筑面積：101786.92m3.面積熱指標(biāo)：45w/m24.建筑物高度：所有建筑物高6層，層高3米5.熱媒及參數(shù)：設(shè)計供回水溫度為：95/706.氣象資料：室外采暖計算溫度=-13、供暖期室外平均溫度=-3.2、供暖天數(shù)n=165。1.2 課程設(shè)計內(nèi)容1.計算設(shè)計熱負(fù)荷，繪制熱負(fù)荷隨室外溫度的變化曲線和熱負(fù)荷延續(xù)時間圖.2.確定供熱系統(tǒng)形式.3.布置管道，配置必需的管道附件。畫出管道平面布置圖及計算簡圖并進(jìn)行水力計算.4.繪制網(wǎng)路主干線水壓圖，確定定壓方式。5.布置熱力站。換熱器選型，確定循環(huán)水泵及補給水泵的流量及揚程；氣壓罐的選擇

2、積水處理器的選擇計算。第二章 供熱系統(tǒng)的熱負(fù)荷2.1供暖設(shè)計熱負(fù)荷的計算 本設(shè)計采用面積熱指標(biāo)法，其公式為： 式中：建筑物總的供暖設(shè)計熱負(fù)荷，kw； f建筑物的建筑面積，；本設(shè)計有24個單元共82棟樓，總建筑面積為101786.92。 建筑物供暖面 積熱指標(biāo)，；在這里選定為45。=45101786.92=4580.4kw住宅編號如下：每棟樓具體負(fù)荷見下表：表2-1 采暖負(fù)荷計算表建筑編號棟數(shù)建筑面積m面積熱指標(biāo)w/m設(shè)計熱負(fù)荷kw住宅111042.664546.9197住宅234255.9845191.5191住宅322458.5245110.6334住宅445663.4445254.8548

3、住宅544170.6445187.6788住宅634207.9845189.3591住宅755153.345231.8985住宅834207.9845189.3591住宅943657.0445164.5668住宅1055036.945226.6605住宅1155153.345231.8985住宅1234351.9845195.8391住宅1344170.6445187.6788住宅1434920.7845221.4351住宅1544170.6445187.6788住宅1634351.9845195.8391住宅1734170.6445187.6788住宅1844920.7845221.4351

4、住宅1923280.5245147.6234住宅2034207.9845189.3591住宅2134351.9845195.8391住宅2255213.345234.5985住宅2334351.9845195.8391住宅2434315.9845194.2191總計82101786.924580.41142.2熱負(fù)荷圖2.2.1供暖熱負(fù)荷隨室外溫度變化曲線 熱負(fù)荷隨室外氣溫的變化關(guān)系 式中:供暖室內(nèi)計算溫度；本設(shè)計中取18。供暖室外計算溫度，；西寧市供暖室外計算溫度-13。變化室外溫度，。表2-2 熱負(fù)荷隨室外溫度變化室外溫度供暖室外計算溫度供暖設(shè)計熱負(fù)荷kw室內(nèi)計算溫度供暖熱負(fù)荷kw5-13

5、4580.4114181920.81774-134580.4114182068.57293-134580.4114182216.32812-134580.4114182364.08331-134580.4114182511.83850-134580.4114182659.5937-1-134580.4114182807.3489-2-134580.4114182955.1041-3-134580.4114183102.8593-4-134580.4114183250.6145-5-134580.4114183398.3697-6-134580.4114183546.125-7-134580.4

6、114183693.8802-8-134580.4114183841.6354-9-134580.4114183989.3906-10-134580.4114184137.1458-11-134580.4114184284.901-12-134580.4114184432.6562-13-134580.4114184580.4114-14-134580.4114184580.4114-15-134580.4114184580.4114所以得供暖熱負(fù)荷隨室外溫度變化曲線如下：2.2.2熱負(fù)荷延續(xù)時間圖（1）不同室外氣溫的延續(xù)時間確定 查供熱工程附錄表d-2得西寧對應(yīng)室外溫度的平均延續(xù)小時數(shù)，最后

7、繪制圖如下：2.3 年耗熱量年耗熱量q=244580.4（18+3.2）（18+13） 165=12404345.09kw*h/a第三章 集中供熱系統(tǒng)3.1 熱源、介質(zhì)的確定本小區(qū)采用熱水作為介質(zhì)，熱源為蒸汽鍋爐，熱力站放置換熱器置換熱水。介質(zhì)參數(shù)為95/70。3.2 系統(tǒng)形式該工程供熱系統(tǒng)采用閉式雙管支狀管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，采用連通管連接以提高系統(tǒng)供熱可靠性。用戶均采用直接連接。3.3管網(wǎng)的走向?qū)嶋H定線時要掌握地質(zhì)、水文資料，了解地下水位的高低，地上地下構(gòu)筑物的情況，除了技術(shù)經(jīng)濟合理外還要考慮維修方便，一般應(yīng)注意：（1）讓管道盡量穿過負(fù)荷集中區(qū)。這一原則目前在大中城市里很難實現(xiàn)；（2）管網(wǎng)走向宜平行于

8、道路和建筑物； （3）為了施工及維修管理方便，管道盡量敷設(shè)在人行道及綠化地帶下；（4）盡量少穿越公路、鐵路、河流及主要交通干線；（5）熱力管道與其他管道以及建筑物、構(gòu)筑物應(yīng)保持一定的距離（包括水平距離和垂直凈距）。（6）熱網(wǎng)布置時應(yīng)考慮適當(dāng)考慮各小區(qū)管道連接方便及小區(qū)內(nèi)負(fù)荷對稱。3.4管徑的選擇流量的計算： 根據(jù) x3.6 得設(shè)計總流量為g=157 。根據(jù)管網(wǎng)的平面布置圖及各管段的流量查手冊得出各管段的管徑。各管段管徑和流量見后面章節(jié)水力計算表。3.5管道的敷設(shè)形式本設(shè)計采用直埋敷設(shè)。3.6閥門的設(shè)計在滿足要求和維修的條件下，盡量減少閥門的數(shù)量。（1）熱力管道干線、支干線、支線的起點應(yīng)安裝關(guān)斷

9、閥門；（2）長距離輸送的熱水熱網(wǎng)干線應(yīng)安裝分段閥門，分段閥門的間距建議為：輸送干線，20003000m；輸配干線，10001500m；詳見管道布置平面圖。3.7檢查井的設(shè)置（1）檢查井的數(shù)量力求最少，不應(yīng)設(shè)在交通要道和人行車流頻繁處。（2）地下敷設(shè)管道安裝套筒補償器、閥門時，應(yīng)設(shè)置檢查井。3.8支架及補償器的設(shè)置固定支架間的最大允許間距可根據(jù)初步設(shè)計選定的管徑查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，當(dāng)管徑為125mm時，固定支架最大間距應(yīng)為65m,當(dāng)管徑100mm時，固定支架最大間距應(yīng)為60m,每個固定支架之間必須設(shè)一個補償器。第四章 水力計算4.1水力計算的步驟（1）畫出水力計算簡圖，標(biāo)出管道附件以及各管段計算流量g

10、和管長l；（2）水力計算先從主干線開始，根據(jù)城市熱力網(wǎng)設(shè)計規(guī)范，在一般的情況下，熱水網(wǎng)路主干線的設(shè)計平均比摩阻，可取3070pa/m進(jìn)行計算。（3）根據(jù)網(wǎng)路主干線各管段的計算流量和初步選用的平均比摩阻值，利用簡明供熱設(shè)計手冊的水力計算表，確定主干線各管段的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管徑和相應(yīng)的實際比摩阻；（4）根據(jù)選用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管徑和管段中局部阻力的形式，查簡明供熱設(shè)計手冊，確定各管段局部阻力的當(dāng)量長度ld的總和，以及管段的折算長度lzh；（5）根據(jù)管段的折算長度lzh，以及比摩阻，計算主干線各管段的總壓降；（6）主干線水力計算完成后，便可以進(jìn)行熱水網(wǎng)路支干線、支線等水力計算。管段編號如下：水力計算表如下：表4-1供水

11、管最不利環(huán)路計算表管段段號熱負(fù)荷流量d管長l比摩阻r流速v局部阻力當(dāng)量長度 長度之和折算長度管段壓力損失kwt/h（mm）（m）（pa/m）（m/s）mm（pa）12 4580.4114157.0623069273772.533.30.8850.17122.674084.91123 4539.2697155.651558273712.631.50.8511.223.8749.734 4498.128154.2408091273712.631.20.8513.3725.97810.26445 4456.9863152.8300602273712.631.20.8511.223.8742.5656

12、 4415.8446151.419311327378.129.20.8322.430.5890.667 3434.8797117.7820249219622.360.91.031.6823.981460.38278 3371.76115.617650421962055.90.9913.3733.371865.38389 3308.6403113.453275921962055.90.9911.231.21744.08910 3245.5206111.2889014219629.751.20.9526.856.52892.81011 3013.6221103.3371018219630.8846

13、.60.9128.9759.852789.011112 2781.723695.3853022421964.2838.20.8211.215.48591.3361213 2585.884588.66997951219629.8934.20.7832.3762.262129.2921314 2398.205782.2344734519465.253.40.891.686.88367.3921415 2202.366675.51915071194673.8548.20.8552.37126.226083.8041516 2155.446973.9102742194616.4445.70.83193

14、5.441619.6081617 2108.527272.3013976919461643.30.811.227.21177.761718 2061.607570.6925211819461640.90.7813.3729.371201.2331819 2014.687869.0836446619461640.90.7811.227.21112.481920 1967.768167.4747681519468.3838.50.7622.430.781185.032021 1630.785655.919638221594.521.3372.60.921.6823.011670.5262122 1

15、565.505953.681197311594.522.867.50.8913.3736.172441.4752223 1500.226251.44275641594.520.5962.60.8526.847.392966.6142324 1434.946549.204315491594.59.5855.60.811.220.781155.3682425 1240.727442.544542551594.532.8640.80.6958.6591.513733.6082526 865.369829.67353044133413.5754.60.7132.445.972509.9622627 8

16、00.090127.43508953133422.844.20.6411.2341502.82728 734.810425.19664862133422.8380.5913.3736.171374.462829 669.530722.9582077133463.8332.10.5463.57127.44089.542930 448.095615.36519812108436.1344.50.5512.8849.012180.9453031 226.66057.772188545893.547.1636.30.4463.05110.214000.6233132 181.32846.2177508

17、36733.515.868.80.521.6817.481202.6243233 135.99634.663313127733.515.8380.3924.5740.371534.063334 90.66423.108875418573.515.8760.4612.8828.682179.683435 45.33211.554437709452.52062.60.367.827.81740.28表4-2 支管水力計算表管段號熱負(fù)荷流量d管長l比摩阻r流速v局部阻力當(dāng)量長度之和折算長度管段壓力損失22.141.14171.410748893452.51154.80.3311.222.21216.

18、5633.141.14171.410748893452.61154.80.3311.222.21216.5644.141.14171.410748893452.71154.80.3311.222.21216.5655.141.14171.410748893452.81154.80.3311.222.21216.5666.1980.964933.63728642133427.7680.837.9765.674465.566.16.1.1442.533615.17447714108414.644.50.5553.5768.173033.5656.1.16.1.1.163.71372.1847427

19、73573.54.836.20.3361.3766.172395.3546.1.16.1.2378.819912.9897343710841633.40.4911.227.2908.486.1.26.1.2.163.71372.184742773573.54.836.20.3313.3718.17657.7546.1.26.1.3315.106210.8049916893.51668.70.611.227.21868.646.1.36.1.3.163.71372.184742773573.54.836.20.3311.216579.26.1.36.1.4251.39258.6202488258

20、93.516410.4712.8828.881184.086.1.46.1.4.163.71372.184742773573.54.836.20.3313.3718.17657.7546.1.46.1.5187.67886.435506052893.52823.20.3511.239.2909.446.1.56.1.5.146.91971.608876513452.54.866.70.3726.831.62107.726.1.56.1.6140.75914.826629539733.52041.20.428.9748.972017.5646.1.66.1.6.146.91971.6088765

21、13452.54.866.70.3711.2161067.26.1.66.1.793.83943.217753026573.520810.4721.1741.173334.776.1.76.1.7.146.91971.608876513452.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.2566.1.76.1.846.91971.608876513452.524.866.70.3752.3777.175147.2396.16.2538.431318.462809281084164.10.66192012826.26.2.1189.35916.493123539893.514.523.

22、20.3511.225.7596.246.2.16.2.1.163.11972.164374513573.54.836.20.3313.3718.17657.7546.2.16.2.2126.23944.328749026733.520.241.20.411.231.41293.686.2.26.2.2.163.11972.164374513573.54.836.20.3311.216579.26.2.26.2.363.11972.164374513573.522.836.20.3312.8835.681291.6166.26.3349.072211.96968574108430.828.50

23、.4413.3744.171258.8456.36.3.1110.63343.793619286733.51526.30.3226.841.81099.346.3.16.3.1.163.71372.184742773573.53.836.20.3311.2155436.3.16.3.246.91971.608876513452.52266.70.3747.4569.454632.3156.36.3.3238.43888.176066452893.522410.4743.665.62689.66.3.36.3.3.165.27972.238440913573.53.836.20.3311.215

24、5436.3.36.3.4173.15915.937625539733.521.564.40.5113.3734.872245.6286.3.46.3.4.163.11972.164374513573.53.836.20.3352.3756.172033.3546.3.46.3.5110.03943.773251026733.52026.30.3212.8832.88864.7446.3.56.3.5.163.11972.164374513573.53.836.20.3363.0566.852419.976.3.56.3.646.91971.608876513452.53066.70.3712

25、.8842.882860.09677.163.11972.164374513573.59.436.20.3311.220.6745.7288.163.11972.164374513573.69.436.20.3311.220.6745.7299.163.11972.164374513573.79.436.20.3311.220.6745.721010.1231.89857.951799565893.521.5410.4761.3782.873397.6710.110.1.146.37971.590359913452.54.866.70.3711.2161067.210.110.2185.518

26、86.361439652893.515.723.20.3513.3729.07674.42410.210.2.146.37971.590359913452.54.866.70.3711.2161067.210.210.3139.13914.771079739733.51641.20.411.227.21120.6410.310.3.146.37971.590359913452.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.25610.310.492.75943.180719826573.515.8810.4713.3729.172362.7710.410.4.146.37971.590

27、359913452.54.866.70.3711.2161067.210.410.546.37971.590359913452.521.566.70.3726.848.33221.611111.1231.89857.951799565893.512410.4728.9740.971679.7711.111.1.146.37971.590359913452.54.866.70.3711.2161067.211.111.2185.51886.361439652893.515.723.20.3521.1736.87855.38411.211.2.146.37971.590359913452.54.8

28、66.70.3712.8817.681179.25611.211.3139.13914.771079739733.51641.20.452.3768.372816.84411.311.3.146.37971.590359913452.54.866.70.371923.81587.4611.311.492.75943.180719826573.515.8810.4711.227218711.411.4.146.37971.590359913452.54.866.70.3713.3718.171211.93911.411.546.37971.590359913452.521.566.70.3711

29、.232.72181.091212.1195.83916.715322739893.520.623.20.3511.231.8737.7612.112.1.165.27972.238440913573.54.536.20.3312.8817.38629.15612.112.2130.55944.476881826733.522.641.20.413.3735.971481.96412.212.2.165.27972.238440913573.54.536.20.3326.831.31133.0612.212.365.27972.238440913573.52836.20.3311.239.21

30、419.041313.1187.67886.435506052893.51123.20.3547.4558.451356.0413.113.1.146.91971.608876513452.54.866.70.3743.648.43228.2813.113.2140.75914.826629539733.515.641.20.411.226.81104.1613.213.2.146.91971.608876513452.54.866.70.3713.3718.171211.93913.213.393.83943.217753026573.516810.4752.3768.375537.9713

31、.313.3.146.91971.608876513452.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.25613.313.446.91971.608876513452.52166.70.3763.0584.055606.1351414.1195.83916.715322739893.520.923.20.3512.8833.78783.69614.114.1.165.27972.238440913573.54.536.20.3313.3717.87646.89414.114.2130.55944.476881826733.522.641.20.412.8835.481461.776

32、14.214.2.165.27972.238440913573.54.536.20.331923.5850.714.214.365.27972.238440913573.52836.20.3361.3789.373235.1941515.146.91971.608876513452.51166.70.3711.222.21480.741616.146.91971.608876513452.61166.70.3711.222.21480.741717.146.91971.608876513452.71166.70.3711.222.21480.741818.146.91971.608876513

33、452.81166.70.3711.222.21480.741919.146.91971.608876513452.91166.70.3711.222.21480.742020.1336.982511.55512993893.527.8750.6337.9765.774932.7520.120.1.1189.35916.493123539893.51923.20.3511.230.2700.6420.1.120.1.1.163.11972.164374513573.54.536.20.3326.831.31133.0620.1.120.1.2126.23944.328749026733.520

34、41.20.428.9748.972017.56420.1.220.1.2.163.11972.164374513573.54.536.20.3311.215.7568.3420.1.220.1.363.11972.164374513573.524.536.20.3321.1745.671653.25420.120.1.4147.62345.062006386733.519.541.20.412.8832.381334.05620.1.420.1.4.173.81172.531003193573.54.536.20.3352.3756.872058.69420.1.420.1.573.8117

35、2.531003193573.527.536.20.331946.51683.32121.165.27972.238440913573.511.536.20.3311.222.7821.742222.165.27972.238440913573.611.536.20.3311.222.7821.742323.165.27972.238440913573.711.536.20.3311.222.7821.742424.1194.21916.659772939893.53023.20.3511.241.2955.8424.124.1.164.73972.219924313573.54.536.20

36、.3312.8817.38629.15624.124.2129.47944.439848626733.522.541.20.413.3735.871477.84424.224.2.164.73972.219924313573.54.536.20.3326.831.31133.0624.224.364.73972.219924313573.52736.20.3311.238.21382.842525.1375.357612.8710121108434.833.40.4947.4582.252747.1525.125.1.1187.67886.435506052893.51523.20.3543.

37、658.61359.5225.1.125.1.1.162.55962.145168684573.54.536.20.3311.215.7568.3425.1.125.1.2125.11924.290337368733.520.141.20.413.3733.471378.96425.1.225.1.2.162.55962.145168684573.54.536.20.3352.3756.872058.69425.1.225.1.362.55962.145168684573.524.536.20.3312.8837.381353.15625.125.1.4187.67886.4355060528

38、93.54723.20.3563.05110.052553.1625.1.425.1.4.146.91971.608876513452.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.25625.1.425.1.5140.75914.826629539733.515.641.20.413.3728.971193.56425.1.525.1.5.146.91971.608876513452.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.25625.1.525.1.693.83943.217753026573.516810.471935283525.1.625.1.6.146.979

39、71.610933913452.54.866.70.3761.3766.174413.53925.1.625.1.746.91971.608876513452.52066.70.3711.231.22081.042626.165.27972.238440913573.511.536.20.3313.3724.87900.2942727.165.27972.238440913573.611.536.20.3311.222.7821.742828.165.27972.238440913573.711.536.20.3311.222.7821.742929.1221.43517.5930095798

40、93.510.6410.4712.8823.48962.6829.129.1.146.91971.608876513452.55.966.70.3713.3719.271285.30929.129.2174.51545.984133066733.518.264.40.5111.229.41893.3629.229.2.158.17181.994711022573.55.936.20.3326.832.71183.7429.229.3116.34363.989422044733.520.127.50.3328.9749.071349.42529.329.3.158.17181.994711022

41、573.55.936.20.3311.217.1619.0229.329.458.17181.994711022573.52636.20.3321.1747.171707.5543030.1221.43517.593009579893.520410.4712.8832.881348.0830.130.1.173.81172.531003193573.55.936.20.3352.3758.272109.37430.130.2147.62345.062006386733.52344.70.4319421877.430.230.2.173.81172.531003193573.55.936.20.

42、3311.217.1619.0230.230.373.81172.531003193573.52936.20.3321.1750.171816.1544.2水壓圖的繪制4.2.1水壓圖的繪制原則熱水網(wǎng)路壓力狀況的基本技術(shù)要求不超壓、不汽化、不倒空、不吸氣以及保證循環(huán)的基本原則。水壓圖的橫坐標(biāo)和縱坐標(biāo)應(yīng)取不同的比例。水壓圖系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)高采用相對標(biāo)高，坐標(biāo)原點0選擇熱源處循環(huán)水泵吸入口的中心線平面標(biāo)高。一般可選擇熱源處地形標(biāo)高。即以鍋爐房地面標(biāo)高為0，熱網(wǎng)管線所在地的地面標(biāo)高由平面圖給出。4.2.2繪制水壓圖的步驟（1）在圖紙下部繪制出熱水網(wǎng)路的平面布置圖；（2）在平面圖的上部以網(wǎng)路循環(huán)水泵中心線的高度為基準(zhǔn)面，沿基準(zhǔn)面在縱坐標(biāo)上按一定的比例尺做出距離的刻度；（3）在橫坐標(biāo)上，找到網(wǎng)路上各點或各用戶距熱源出口沿管線計算距離的點，在相應(yīng)點沿縱坐標(biāo)方向繪制出網(wǎng)路相對于基準(zhǔn)面的標(biāo)高，構(gòu)成管線的地形剖面圖；本設(shè)計建筑標(biāo)高均設(shè)為1米。（4）繪制靜水壓曲線。因為各棟樓都為18m，供水溫度為95時，其汽化壓力為0mh2o，加上5m的富裕壓力，則靜水壓曲線高度應(yīng)在18+1+5=24m。（5）繪制回水干管動水壓曲線。（6）繪制供水干管的動水壓曲線。（7）各分支管線的動水壓曲線?？筛鶕?jù)各分支管線在分支點處供、回水管的測壓管水頭高度和分支線的水力計算結(jié)果。用戶資用壓頭定位5米水