必修五_unit1_using language

1、Reading and writing COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORY Do you know what is the center of the solar system? Can you name the nine planets in the solar system?Warming up Nine Planets In the Solar System .Mercury 水星水星 Venus 金星金星Earth 地球地球 Mars 火星火星Jupiter 木星木星 Saturn 土星土星Uranus 天王星天王星 Neptune 海王星海王星Pluto

2、冥王星冥王星Nine Planets in the Solar System哥白尼哥白尼(Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473-1543), 波蘭天文學(xué)家、日心說創(chuàng)立者波蘭天文學(xué)家、日心說創(chuàng)立者, 近代天文學(xué)的奠基人。近代天文學(xué)的奠基人。 哥白尼經(jīng)過長期的天文觀測和研哥白尼經(jīng)過長期的天文觀測和研究究, 創(chuàng)立了更為科學(xué)的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)體創(chuàng)立了更為科學(xué)的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)體系系日心說日心說, 從此否定了在西方統(tǒng)從此否定了在西方統(tǒng)治達(dá)一千多年的地心說。治達(dá)一千多年的地心說。日心說經(jīng)歷了艱苦的斗爭后日心說經(jīng)歷了艱苦的斗爭后, ,才為人們才為人們所接受所接受, , 這是天文學(xué)上一次偉大的革這是天文學(xué)上一次

3、偉大的革命命, ,不僅引起了人類宇宙觀的重大革新不僅引起了人類宇宙觀的重大革新, ,而且從根本上動搖了歐洲中世紀(jì)宗教而且從根本上動搖了歐洲中世紀(jì)宗教神學(xué)的理論支柱。神學(xué)的理論支柱?！皬拇俗匀豢茖W(xué)便從此自然科學(xué)便開始從神學(xué)中解放出來開始從神學(xué)中解放出來”,“,“科學(xué)的發(fā)科學(xué)的發(fā)展從此便大踏步前進(jìn)展從此便大踏步前進(jìn)”（恩格斯（恩格斯自自然辯證法然辯證法）。）。 哥白尼著有闡述日心說的哥白尼著有闡述日心說的天體運行論天體運行論(1543(1543年出版年出版),),由于受到時代的局限由于受到時代的局限, ,在在日心說中保留了所謂日心說中保留了所謂“完美的完美的”圓形軌圓形軌道等論點。其后道等論點。其

4、后開普勒開普勒建立行星運動三建立行星運動三定律定律, ,牛頓牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力定律，以及行發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力定律，以及行星光行差、視差相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)星光行差、視差相繼發(fā)現(xiàn), ,日心說遂建日心說遂建立在更加穩(wěn)固的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上。立在更加穩(wěn)固的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上。 Skim the text and draw the two theories of Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.the universe with the following pictures.SunearthBefore

5、 Copernicus theory Showing Copernicus theoryReading-I-skimming (2m)SunearthBefore Copernicus theory Showing Copernicus theorySunearthearthSun Skim the text and draw the two theories of Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.the universe with the following

6、 pictures.Reading-I-skimming (2m) Showing Copernicus theory A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre Before Copernicus theory Read the text and answer the following question.Why couldnt he tell anyone about the theo

7、ry?How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory?When did Copernicus publish his theory?Reading-II-scanning (2m) Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.1. Why couldnt he tell anyone about the theory? 4 years.2. How ma

8、ny years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory? He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.3. When did Copernicus publish his theory?Careful readingRead the text carefully, then answer these questionsBecause the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even sugg

9、esting such an idea.(2) What was his theory about? (Para 1) All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Why could he not tell about his

10、theory? (Para 1)(3) What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.(4) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)Betwee

11、n 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.(5) How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para 4) He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the plan

12、ets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. . He published it as he lay dying in 1543 (6) Why do people think that there

13、 is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking? Because his theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth

14、as the centre of the universe, He showed this was obviously wrong. At Copernicus time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries.Tell whether the following statements are true or false.Reading 3. Copernicus didnt show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. 4. His friends

15、 were not interested in his ideas.2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appear in front of or behind the earth.5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. 6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking a

16、re all scientists who made contributions to the study of the universe. lead to 通向，導(dǎo)致通向，導(dǎo)致 (to是介詞是介詞)All roads lead to Rome.The heavy rain led to a flood. His actions could lead to him losing his job. Language points1. , all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: contribute to貢獻(xiàn)貢獻(xiàn)

17、get down to著手做著手做give way to讓位于讓位于 keep to 遵守遵守 look forward to 盼望，期待盼望，期待take to從事從事 turn to 求助于求助于stick to堅持堅持 point to指向指向see to 處理處理 be used to 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于獻(xiàn)身于be equal to 等于等于be familiar to 為為熟悉熟悉 含介詞含介詞to的動詞短語還有：的動詞短語還有：知識鏈接知識鏈接2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements o

18、f the other planets in the sky make sense.= The movements of the other planets in the sky make sense only if you put the sun there. only if 其意為其意為“只有在只有在條件下條件下”。only if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句置于主句之前時，其引導(dǎo)的狀語從句置于主句之前時，其后的主句要用倒裝語序后的主句要用倒裝語序。Only if your identity has been checked, _. A. you are allowed in B. you will b

19、e allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in1) Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 2) Only if you study hard, will you achieve you dream. D小試身手小試身手only if 與與 if only 的差別的差別only if 意為意為“只有在只有在條件下條件下”if only 有兩個意思，一是表示有兩個意思，一是表示“只要只要”，此時此時通常與陳

20、述語氣連用，與通常與陳述語氣連用，與 only if 用法相似；二用法相似；二是表示是表示“但愿、要是但愿、要是就好了就好了”，此時多與，此時多與虛擬語氣連用。如：虛擬語氣連用。如： I will come only if you promise not to invite Mary. If only it clears up, well go. If only I hadnt told him about it. Its a good plan, if only we could carry it out. 1) would have表示對過去的某種情況進(jìn)行猜表示對過去的某種情況進(jìn)行猜測測,

21、 或本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做成或本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做成,通常用來說明某一情況，但不象通常用來說明某一情況，但不象should或或ought to 那樣含有責(zé)備之意。那樣含有責(zé)備之意。3. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.1) I guess the poet would have been about 20 when she wrote her

22、first poem.2) Another worker wouldnt have acted like that.neednt have + p.p.表示做了不必做的事，相表示做了不必做的事，相當(dāng)于，譯為當(dāng)于，譯為“其實沒必要其實沒必要 ”should have + p.p.表示應(yīng)該做某事但實際上未表示應(yīng)該做某事但實際上未做，譯為做，譯為“本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該 ”should not have + p.p.表示本不應(yīng)表示本不應(yīng) 該做某事但該做某事但實際上做了，譯為實際上做了，譯為“本不應(yīng)該本不應(yīng)該” 知識鏈接知識鏈接 4. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on

23、it, gradually improving until he felt it was complete. work on 從事從事 She is working on a new novel.= She is writing a new novel.work on還可意為還可意為“對對發(fā)生影響，對發(fā)生影響，對起作起作用用” (= work upon) The doctor told him that this kind of medicine may work on him. 5. complete adj. 完整的完整的, 完成的；完成的；徹底的徹底的We cant go out until our homework is complete. complet