高考英語(yǔ)母題題源系列 專題17 閱讀填空(含解析)

1、2016年高考英語(yǔ)母題題源系列 專題17 閱讀填空(含解析)母題十七閱讀填空 【母題來(lái)源一】【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】【母題原題】【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its par

2、ts? 16 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._17 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others a

3、re concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回憶)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be

4、often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 19 -how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 the

5、n go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy b

6、eing outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G17.A 根據(jù)本段前兩句“Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns

7、and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).”可知不同人對(duì)花園有不同的看法，再倒數(shù)第二句“然而，有很多能夠解釋你為什么想做園藝的原因”可知我們首先要搞清楚為什么要做園藝。故A項(xiàng)正確。18.E 本段前兩句提出有些人認(rèn)為花園只是一些花花草草，有些人關(guān)心少用水少用廢料。本句仍然在說(shuō)明人們對(duì)園藝的不同看法。故E項(xiàng)“還有其他人只是喜歡在戶外接觸植物”與上下文一致，也是人們對(duì)于園藝的觀點(diǎn)。19.C 根據(jù)前句“

8、.那些都不重要”可知?jiǎng)澗€句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在園藝中對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)真正重要的是什么。故C項(xiàng)“重要的是我們搞園藝的經(jīng)歷”符合上下文串聯(lián)。20.G 本部分介紹如果我們自己建一個(gè)花園，要回憶一下年輕的時(shí)候所看到的那些花園，并把這些花園的優(yōu)點(diǎn)寫下來(lái)，然后制定計(jì)劃并把自己的計(jì)劃變成美麗的花園。故G項(xiàng)與上下文一致?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】 本文屬于七選五閱讀中最常見的設(shè)空在段首的方法，通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。本題我們根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain w

9、hy you want to garden.”可知我們首先要知道為什么要搞園藝。故A項(xiàng)為本段主題句。 當(dāng)七選五閱讀設(shè)空在句首時(shí)，還可能存在以下兩種情況： 1. 屬于段落間的過(guò)渡句。這時(shí)要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)地銜接起來(lái)，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。考點(diǎn)：考查說(shuō)明文閱讀【母題來(lái)源二】【2016四川】【母題原題】【2016四川】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Both men and women are living longer these days in industrial

10、ized countries. 16 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 17 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones

11、that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.18Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftena

12、ndlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.19Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20AHow

13、ever,women,onaverage,livelonger.B.Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife.G.Hormonesarechemicals

14、whichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions.【答案】16.A 17.G 18.D 19.C 20.E【解析】試題分析：女性比男性壽命長(zhǎng)的原因。16.A根據(jù)空格下一句：一般說(shuō)，女性比男性多活6到7年。可知此處的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性壽命更長(zhǎng)。故選A。17.G根據(jù)空格上句：男性和女性之間荷爾蒙的不同幫助女性壽命更長(zhǎng)。可知此空的意思是：荷爾蒙是身體生產(chǎn)的控制各種身體功能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選G。18.D根據(jù)下句：它們幫助身體本身抵抗各種感染。可知此空的意思是：女性荷爾蒙也用另一種方式保護(hù)身體。故選D?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】在做七選五時(shí)一定要注意

15、空格前后句子的暗示詞，可以準(zhǔn)確確定空格上的選項(xiàng)。比如第20小題，Somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.Othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20句中的Some- Others-，是關(guān)鍵詞，從這里知道這是兩種觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)空格前兩句：一些人認(rèn)為女性身體細(xì)胞有一個(gè)比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認(rèn)為男性身體細(xì)胞有一個(gè)老化快的傾向?？芍狤項(xiàng)符合題意?！白罱芯克坪踔С诌@兩種可能”。故選E。考點(diǎn)：考查信息匹配【命題意圖】給出一篇缺

16、少五個(gè)句子的文章，對(duì)應(yīng)有七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處?？荚囌f(shuō)明對(duì)該題型命題目的的表述為“主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！薄究荚嚪较颉窟@類試題在考查題型上，通?；疽哉f(shuō)明文為主，兼顧記敘文和議論文。【得分要點(diǎn)】1）從意思上判斷在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再利用線索特征詞等進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)答案。2）從詞匯上鎖定線索做題時(shí)很重要的一點(diǎn)是保持對(duì)一些線索詞的敏感，最主要的線索特征詞是空白前后的名詞和動(dòng)詞，尋找答案時(shí)注意在選項(xiàng)中

17、查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語(yǔ)等。其次是代詞、數(shù)詞、表示時(shí)間/年代的詞、地點(diǎn)/名稱等專有名詞等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。3）從關(guān)聯(lián)詞上查找由于英語(yǔ)的句段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示銜接和過(guò)渡，使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫，因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號(hào)詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索。在做題時(shí)可將這三個(gè)層面的線索很好地結(jié)合起來(lái)。例如，在看到表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)，一般表示前后句子的名詞或句意具有同指性；而表示轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系的詞則往往表示前后句子的名詞同指，但句意對(duì)立，或褒貶對(duì)立或肯否對(duì)立；而表示例證關(guān)系的詞則意味著在舉例之前

18、或之后有表述概念或某一觀點(diǎn)的句子，往往會(huì)有復(fù)數(shù)名詞出現(xiàn)?！灸割}1】【廣東省華南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)、廣東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)、深圳中學(xué)、廣雅中學(xué)四校2016屆高三上學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考】For college students, graduation signals an exciting new beginning. 16 Many students wonder: What do I do now? What career is best for me? Most expert advice on choosing careers boils down to the following points. Knowi

19、ng YourselfWhat are your interests? Abilities? Skills? 17 The results may surprise you! These can be useful, but theyre not the last word. InvestigatingInvestigating occupations is much more difficult. For most people, there isnt just one right job, but several that could be satisfying. 18 Talk to p

20、eople who have occupations that interest you. Find out what they like and dislike about their job. 19 Many people choose their careers because they believe strongly in a particular cause. Some might choose to work in areas like medicine, charity or environmental protection. Some have a strong intere

21、st in history or a love for the arts. 20 So in cases like these, the field is often chosen first, rather than the occupation itself. So if youve chosen a field, self-assessment will help you find your place in it. Invest some time and effort, and find the right career for you. A. Try a self-assessme

22、nt quiz. B. Search through books and Web sites. C. Finding your place.D. But it can also bring a lot of uncertainty and confusion. E. Serious research helps narrow the possibilities F. Research your chosen field carefully. What work needs to be done? What training is needed?G. Then they might think

23、about education, museums or art production. 【答案】16D17A18E19C20G17. A 根據(jù)橫線前句What are your interests? Abilities? Skills?你的興趣是什么？你的能力怎么樣？你的技巧如何？要想了解自己，可以對(duì)自己進(jìn)行一次測(cè)驗(yàn)。測(cè)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果可以告訴我們自己的興趣、能力和技巧。橫線后一句The results may surprise you!說(shuō)明本句應(yīng)該使用A項(xiàng)“Try a self-assessment quiz.”嘗試自我檢測(cè),了解自己的興趣和能力技巧等。18. E 根據(jù)橫線前一句For most p

24、eople, there isnt just one right job, but several that could be satisfying.對(duì)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有一個(gè)正確的職業(yè)，但又好幾個(gè)讓人滿意的職業(yè)。那么如何從這幾個(gè)讓人滿意的職業(yè)中找到適合自己的職業(yè)？我們可以進(jìn)行職業(yè)研究來(lái)縮小范圍，所以E項(xiàng)“Serious research helps narrow the possibilities”符合上下文的串聯(lián)。同時(shí)后一句Talk to people who have occupations that interest you.這是職業(yè)研究的一種方式。19. C 根據(jù)本段最后一句Inves

25、t some time and effort, and find the right career for you.可知我們要花時(shí)間和經(jīng)歷，找到適合自己的正確的職業(yè)。這是本段的中心句，選項(xiàng)中的C項(xiàng)“Finding your place.”找到你的位置符合本段中心思想。20. G 根據(jù)橫線前句Some have a strong interest in history or a love for the arts.一些人對(duì)歷史或藝術(shù)有很濃厚的興趣，那么他們最可能選擇與歷史及藝術(shù)有關(guān)的職業(yè)。故G項(xiàng)“Then they might think about education, museums or

26、art production.”中的教育、博物館學(xué)以及藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作正是與歷史及藝術(shù)相關(guān)的職業(yè)。故G項(xiàng)符合上下文串聯(lián)。【名師點(diǎn)睛】在完成七選五閱讀時(shí)，我們可以從以下五個(gè)技巧著手：技巧一：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷-因果關(guān)系在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上，判斷它們之間的關(guān)系來(lái)進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)答案。因果關(guān)系主要指前后的句子有著原因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系往往說(shuō)明了前因后果或者前果后因等情況。表示因果關(guān)系的連詞有As a result結(jié)果-，thus/therefore因此，so (such).如此-以至于等。技巧二：

27、從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷-轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的句子。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不過(guò), nonetheless盡管如此，依然，然而, still還；然而, though可是，不過(guò)，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顧，不管, at any rate無(wú)論如何，至少, in any case無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣, whoever無(wú)論是誰(shuí), whatever無(wú)論什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast與此相反,

28、 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比較起來(lái)，比較地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否則；除此以外，not-but不是-而是，as well也等。技巧三：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷-例證關(guān)系前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質(zhì)而言無(wú)非是思維上的形象（例子、類比等）和抽象（觀點(diǎn)）的辯證關(guān)系，用到的思維過(guò)程無(wú)非就是基本的歸納（從例子到觀點(diǎn)）和推理（從觀點(diǎn)到例子）。技巧四：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷-遞進(jìn)關(guān)系遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間

29、是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)遞進(jìn)的句子。奇速英語(yǔ)名師總結(jié)了表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連詞有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同樣地，照樣地；也，又, similarly相似地，類似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, whats more更重要的是, too也，還, either也, neither兩者都不, not onlybut also不但而且等。技巧五：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷-平列關(guān)系表示列舉關(guān)系的有：first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三; firstly第一

30、, 首先, secondly第二(點(diǎn))；其次, thirdly第三; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后; in the first place第一，首先, in the second place第二, 其次; for one thing首先，一則, for another thing其次; to begin with首先，第一, to conclude首先，第一等考點(diǎn)：考查說(shuō)明文閱讀【母題2】【云南省玉溪市一中學(xué)2016屆高三下學(xué)期第一次月考】A good laugh is like a mild workout. It exercises the muscles, ge

31、ts the blood flowing, decreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immune system. 36 .Dont take life too seriously. We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes. 37 In fact, if you can laugh light-heartedly at your own fault, youll find that you give yourself that extra hap

32、piness and confidence increase that can get you over any obstacle.Find the humor in a bad situation. Sure , there are some situations where you are really sad. 38 The next time you feel the stress levels rising, take a minute to think about the funny side of the situation and laugh over the things y

33、ou cannot control. This will lower your blood pressure, blood sugar levels and heart rate.Remind yourself of funny moments from the past. Perhaps a friend told you a great joke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing. 39 Sometimes just reliving a funny moment can cause the endor

34、phins(內(nèi)啡肽), natural painkillers, to kick in. 40 As the saying goes, laughter is contagious(會(huì)傳染的）. So make a point of seeking out positive people who arent afraid to laugh at themselves and are good at finding humor in lifes situations. Young children are especially skilled at finding laughter and jo

35、y in everyday moments.A. Take control over your emotions.B. There is no reason to blame yourself for it.C. However, most situations in life have funny sides.D. Surround yourself with fun people who like to laugh a lot.E. The following are some ways to enjoy more laughter and joy in your life.F.Studi

36、es show that people with pets have lower levels of depression and stress.G.Call on these memories frequently, especially when feeling sad, angry orstressed.【答案】36E37B38C39G40D37. B 根據(jù)前句We all have obstacles in life and we all make mistakes.在生活中我們都會(huì)遇見障礙也都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。犯錯(cuò)是生活中很正常的一件事情，所以我們不要因此而責(zé)備自己。故B項(xiàng)“There is no reason to blame yourself fo