新概念二語法練習

1、新概念語法解釋十三一不定式 1定義：具有名詞、形容詞及副詞性質(zhì)并具有時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化。2形式：（以do為例）主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)一般時 to do to be done進行時 to be doing 完成時 to have done to have been done 完成進行時 to have been doing 3用法： （1）用作主語： To speak good English is not easy. or: It is not easy to speak good English. （采用形式主語 it 以避免頭重腳輕）It took me an hour to do the wor

2、k. （2）用作賓語：She decided to take the examination. I hope to meet him soon. （3）賓語補足語：They expected us to help them. He wants his son to study hard. 金牌重點： 不定式作賓補，如謂語動詞是感官動詞，使役性動詞（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let.），則不定式符號“to”須省略，但在被動語態(tài)中不能省。 I heard them sing in the classroom. I made her clean th

3、e room. The girl is heard to sing an English song. （4）用作表語：To teach is to learn. His job is to sell cars. （5）用作狀語，表示目的，結(jié)果。 We come to school to study English.（目的） = in order to I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（結(jié)果） （6）定語：不定式短語作定語須位于名詞之后。He asked for a piece of paper to write it on. = t

4、o write it on the piece of paper. The poor man has no house to live in. = to live in the house. Have you anything to do? = to do anything 4不定式的時態(tài)意義：She seems to dance very well.（現(xiàn)在情況）She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在進行） She seems to have danced well.（過去情況） Has was happy to have been st

5、aying with his uncle.（動作持續(xù)一段時間） 5不定式語態(tài)：The doctor recommended him to air the room. The doctor recommended the room to be aired. She expects the police to find her bicycle. She expects her bicycle to be found by the police. She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.She felt a bit puz

6、zled to have been asked such a question. 6不定式否定形式：not to do . He got up early in order not to miss the train. 二、練習題1. Did you find out _ the pie out of oven? A. to take B. have taken C. when to take D. being taken 2. You would be irritated if you watched the mail _ on your desk every day. A. putting

7、 up B. to be put up C. to pile up D. pile up 3. We shall set Jim _ the passage. A. explaining B. explained C. to explain D. explain 4. In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco _ in Los Angeles. A. tostay B. than stay C. than staying D. than have stayed 5. Madame Curies is believed _ the rad

8、ium. A. discovering B. having discovered C. to have discovered D. to discover 三、答案1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C: 新概念語法十二單數(shù)復數(shù)的主謂一致I單數(shù)主語：1當 every-, some-, any-, no- 等構(gòu)成的不定代詞及 each, either, neither 作主語時，謂語動詞為單數(shù)。 Someone has told me about it. Neither of us likes the film. 2當 every 或 each 位于兩個由連接詞連接的單數(shù)主語前，謂語動

9、詞用單數(shù)。（必記之要點！）Each girl and boy has a nickname. Every man and woman is welcome. 3位于主謂之間的介詞短語不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)，謂語動詞須和主語一致。常見介詞短語有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （這是一幾乎所有考試都不愿放過的重點。）The teacher along with his students is going to the party.His parents as well as his el

10、der sister have come to see him. II復數(shù)主語： 1當主語由 and 或 both . and 連接，通常采用復數(shù)謂語動詞。 Both thegirl and the boyare his friends. 2如主語是both, few或主語前有both, few, several, many 等限定詞時，謂語動詞須用復數(shù)。 Several novels have been written by her. Both got the news at the same time. 3下列名詞總是復數(shù)形式且謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。trousers, pants（褲子），j

11、eans, glasses, scissors（剪刀），tweezers（鑷子），plier（鉗子）， scales （天平），compasses（圓規(guī)），etc. The trousers hereare mine. 別忘了：如果以上名詞受 “a pair of” “the pair of”修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The pair of pants is too dirty. III單、復數(shù)的靈活運用：1當主語由 neither. nor, either. or, not only . but also 或 or 連接時，謂語動詞與nor, or, but also后面的詞一致，在英語語法中

12、，這被稱之為“就近原則”。 Neither he nor I am going to the airport. Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad. 2當主語前面有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等詞時，謂語動詞則根據(jù)主語的具體情況而采用相應的單、復數(shù)。All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可數(shù)名詞) All of us have been here. 3“a number of”是復數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞為復數(shù)

13、，“the number of”也修飾復數(shù)名詞，但謂語動詞用單數(shù)。（黃金要點！） A number of students have passed the exam. The number of students in this class is 50. 練習1. Students today are writing _ of poetry. A. a great many lines B. quantities of lines C. lots lines D. a large number 2. Thebookstore had not ordered _ texts for all th

14、e students in the course.A. plenty of B. enough C. as many D. enough of 3. What did you see? We saw _ police there. A. many B. much C. little D. the 4. Do you want to wait? Two weeks _ too long for me to wait. A. is B. are C. were D. was 5. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia, _. A. be

15、ing a beautiful woman of wealth and position B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position 答案1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C英語作文的常見錯誤語言是評判作文的一個極其重要的因素。在實際的閱卷過程中，語法錯誤，尤其是較為嚴重的錯誤，是閱卷人員的主要“照顧點”，有時甚至是惟一的點；當然那樣處理是有道理的

16、，大家可以設(shè)想一下，一篇語法上漏洞百出、嚴重影響表達的作文又會有什么樣的好內(nèi)容呢？如果因為語言上的錯誤而導致失分，那將得不償失。因此，認清各種各樣的語法錯誤，盡可能地避免少犯，對于提高作文分是有極大的幫助的?，F(xiàn)將我們在閱卷過程中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量語言錯誤逐一歸類，抽出其中的典型錯誤，以警示大家，供參考。1.句子成分殘缺不全We always working till late at night before taking exams。(誤)We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)We

17、 should read books may be useful to us. (誤)We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)2.句子成分多余This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (誤)One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (誤)The driver of the red car died

18、 on the spot. (正)3.主謂不一致Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (誤)Some think that reading should be selective. (正)My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (誤)My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)4.動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的誤用I was walking along the road, and there are not so

19、 many cars on the street. (誤)I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)We have little time to read some books which we interest. (誤)We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)I am a student who has studying in the college for two ye

20、ars. (誤)I have been studying in the college for two years(正)5.詞類混淆It is my point that reading must be selectively. (誤)In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)Honest is so important for everyperson. (誤)Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)The old man was hit by a car when he across the stree

21、t. (誤)The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)有效的句子要有重點，并且要突出重點。句子的重點可以通過下列方法，加以突出：1. 把重點擺在句首或句尾。一般而論，最顯眼的位置是在“句尾，其次是在句首，中間的位置最平淡，乏善可陳。例如：(1) Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readersattention.(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the

22、record of civilisation.把重點放在句尾是種“吊胃口”的方法，讀者或聽者非得讀完或聽完整句不可。2. 在復雜句里，把主句放在從句之后。除了名詞從句和形容詞從句之外，因為它們位置較固定，副詞從句中有幾種的位置靈活，可以在主句之前出現(xiàn)，也可以跟在主句之后。通常我們就把這樣的副詞從句提前，重點則放在后頭的主句，如(3b)：(3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.(3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.副詞

23、短語更是如此，如 (4b):(4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its durability.(4b) Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful tools.3. 把較重要或有分量的詞語放在后頭，如(5b)和(6b)：(5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera(5

24、b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.(6a) That singers life was tragic and brief.(6b) That singers life was brief and tragic.4. 把句子中一系列的項目作邏輯性的排列。例如：(7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.(8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and

25、institute of higher education?5. 必要時，重復重要的語詞或概念。例如：(9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes their vivacity, and he likes their silence.(10) .the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes reflected the

26、nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.6. 盡量用主動說態(tài)，因此(11b)比(11a)好：(11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.(11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.7. 適當時候，可用倒裝句和平行句，如：(12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the da

27、rk forest. Here, in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.(13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.(14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.揭秘四大類型英語議論文的寫作套路首先要了解一下議論文的格式，而議論文的格式一般是由三個部分組成：立論部分；論證部分；結(jié)論部分，與英語議論文緊密相關(guān)的知識有：1、主要結(jié)構(gòu)：引論本論結(jié)論；2、三要素：論

28、點、論據(jù)、論證；3、論證方式：立論、駁論；4、主要論證方法：事實論證、道理論證、事實與道理相結(jié)合論證等。由于我們學習的英語文化環(huán)境比較淡薄，現(xiàn)在由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)達這種氛圍已經(jīng)好很多了，學生在英語作文寫作方面頗感吃力，英語議論文寫作更是難上加難。（1）對立分析型的議論文（比如利弊型作文）Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文題目_. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _題目議題_. Generally speaking, it is

29、widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _優(yōu)點一_. And secondly _優(yōu)點二_.Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _討論議題_ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺點一_. In addition, _缺點二_. 高考試卷To sum up, we should tr

30、y to bring the advantages of _討論議題_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the _討論議題_.( 2 ) 答題性議論文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文題目_ .It is really an important concern to ev

31、ery one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, _途徑一_. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途徑二_.Above all, to solve the

32、 problem of _作文題目_, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法_. 湖南陽光高考公益平臺( 3) 諺語警句性議論文It is well know to us that the proverb: _諺語_ has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _諺語的含義_. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )A case in point is _例子一_. Therefore, it is goes without saying