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1、初中英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有具體的詞義,但也同助動(dòng)詞一樣,需要與其他詞語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ),另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。考點(diǎn)一:can, may, must 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在陳述句中的用法:1. can 的用法:( 1) .表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)” ,即有種能力,尤其是生來(lái)具備的能力,止匕時(shí) may和must均不可代替它。如:she can swim fast, but i can 她能游得很快,但 我不能。i can see with my eye就用眼睛看。( 2) .表示許可,常在口語(yǔ)中。如:you can use my dic

2、tionary. 你可以用我的字典。( 3) .表示推測(cè),意為 “可能 ” , 常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中, 此時(shí) cant 譯為 “不可能 ”。 如: can thenews be true這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎? - can it be our teacher3h人有可能是我們老師嗎? 一 no, it can t be our teacher. he is on a visit to the greatlww可能。咱們老師正在游覽長(zhǎng)城呢?!纠}】 i think miss gao must be in the library. she said she would go there. no. s

3、he _be there, i have just been there. a.can t b.mustn t c.needn t d.wouldn t【解析】根據(jù)下文 “我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)那兒 ”可知,應(yīng)為 “不可能 ”, cant 表示推測(cè)答案 a2. could 的用法:(1) .can的過(guò)去式,意為 能、會(huì)”,表示過(guò)去的能力。如:he could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫(xiě)詩(shī)。(2) . could在疑問(wèn)句中,表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣,止匕時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:could you do me a favour?jg幫我個(gè)忙嗎? could i use

4、 your pen?k能用一下彳的鋼筆嗎?yes, you can可以。(注 意回答)3. may 的用法:(1) .表示請(qǐng)求、許可,比can正式,如:may i borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車嗎? you may go home now現(xiàn)在你可以回家了?!纠}】 i borrow your mp3? sure . here you are. a. may b.should c.must d. would【解析】在此處表示請(qǐng)求,意為 做可以嗎。 答案:a(2) .表示推測(cè),談?wù)摽赡苄裕?意為 “可能, 或許 ”, 一般用于肯定句中。 如: it may rain tomo

5、rrow .明天可能會(huì)下雨。she may be at home也可能在家呢.(3) .may 的過(guò)去式為 might, 表示推測(cè)時(shí)。 可能性低于may。 如: he is away from school. he mightbe sick.他離開(kāi)學(xué)校了,可能是他生病了。(4).表示希望、祈求、祝愿,??勺g為“祝愿”通常是用 may +主+v例如:may you have agood time.祝你過(guò)得愉快。may you be happy!祝你幸福! may you succeed祝你成功!4. must的用法:(1) .must表示主觀看法,意為 必須、一定。如:you must stay

6、 here until i come backft我回來(lái) 之前你必須呆在這兒。 must i hand in my homework right now?我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎?(2)其否定形式mustn表示定不要千萬(wàn)別”禁it,不許”如:you mustn t play with fire你 不許玩火。you mustn t be la假一定不要遲到。(3)對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,肯定回答為 must,否定回答為needn或don t have t&口: must i finish my homework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎?一 no, you needn不上你不必。(4)must表示有把握的

7、推測(cè),用于肯定句。如:the light is on, so he must be at home nowx亮著, 他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。注意其反意問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成形式:當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測(cè)時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句要用實(shí)際問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成。如:she musthave seen the film before hasnshe?任意反意疑問(wèn)旬的后半部分 )you must have met uncle wang in the shop yesterday didn you?(注意反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分)5. need的用法:(1) .need表示需要、必須,主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,其否定形式為needn

8、意為 沒(méi)有必要,不必。用need提問(wèn)時(shí),肯定回答為 must,否定回答為needn或don t have如如:一need i stay here any longer?我還有必要留在這兒?jiǎn)???yes, you must是的。一no. you needn t /dohave t to.不,你不必。(2) .need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,如果是人作主語(yǔ)后邊多接動(dòng)詞不 定式。 如:i need to do it right now.我需要馬上做這件事。 he needs to learn more about the girffc需要 多了解那個(gè)女孩。如果是物作主語(yǔ),一般用

9、 need doing與need to be done種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn):.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義;.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式 而句子的意義不變。例如:.the door needs painting. = the door needs to be painted.扇門需要油漆下。 your car needs mending. = your car needs to be repaired的車需要維修了。6. dare的用法:dare意為 敢、敢于川法近似于need,有兩種詞性:(1) dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中,無(wú)第三人稱單數(shù)形式,

10、只有一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:dare he tell them what he knows?fe敢告訴他們所知道的情況嗎?idaren t ask hewill you do it for me?我可不敢問(wèn)她,你能幫我問(wèn)問(wèn)嗎?(2) dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如:he doesn t dare to break his promise. 他不敢食言。注意: 在口語(yǔ)中, dare 的各種形式常與不帶 to 的不定式連用。 如: do you dare tell her whati said?你敢告訴她我說(shuō)的話嗎? i didn t dare look ott;不敢看

11、他。7. shall 的用法:shall表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)(多用于第一、三人稱),如:shall we go out for a walk?我們出去散步 好嗎?在英語(yǔ)中,我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。(1) .用“ lets do.”來(lái)提出建議。如:lets go for a walk after supper.用“what/how about.?”來(lái)提出建議;about后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。如:what about/how about a drink? what about/how about taking tom with us?.用“why not.?”來(lái)提出建議

12、,表示“何不”not面后接動(dòng)詞原形。“ why not.?”實(shí)際上是“ why dont you/we.?”的簡(jiǎn)略形式。如:why not meet at the school gate at eight? why dontwe stay here another day?.用“would you like.?”來(lái)提出建議,意思是“你想要嗎 ? would you like后可接名詞或不定式。如: would you like a cup of tea? would you like to go and see her?因此, 如果我們說(shuō): “去游泳好嗎?”英語(yǔ)中可有這樣幾種表達(dá)法:shall

13、 we go for a swim? letsgo for a swim, shall we? what about/how about going swimming? why not go for a swim? would you like to go for a swim? what do you think of going for a swim?8. should 的用法:(1) .should意為 應(yīng)該”,可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如:we should protect the environment.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。(2) should have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的

14、責(zé)備、批評(píng)。如: you should have finished your homework.你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。 (事實(shí)上你沒(méi)有完成。 )9. will 的用法:will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多種人稱。如:i will help you if i m free this afternoon. 下午如果我有空,我就會(huì)幫你。注意 :10. ill在there be句型中的形式及其句式變換。由于“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“ will+動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示,所以there be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí) 的形式就是 there will be。(定不能說(shuō) there will have) 例如:ther

15、e are many students in our school.fthere will be many students in our school. there will be a sports meeting next week.定不能 說(shuō): there will have a sports meeting next week.2、 will 與 be going to do sth 區(qū)別: .be going to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情,will表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些,如:he is going to write a letter tonight. he will write

16、 a book one day. .be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)肯定發(fā)生的事情,will表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。he is seriously ill. he is going to die. he will be twenty years old. .be going to含有“計(jì)劃,準(zhǔn)備”的意思,而will則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思,如:she is going to lend us her book.he will be here in half an hour. .在有條件從旬的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用will,如:if any beasts comes

17、at you, illstay with you and help you10. had better 的用法:had better意為 最好”,沒(méi)有人稱的變化,后面接不帶to的不定式,其否定形式為:had better not。如:we had better go no般們最好現(xiàn)在就走。 you had better not give the book to him#:最好不要把這 本書(shū)給他??键c(diǎn)二:含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句的回答:1 .對(duì) may 引出的問(wèn)句, 可以有下列回答方式: yes,you may. yes, of course. yes, certainly. sure .no, y

18、ou mustn t. no, you can t.2 .對(duì) must引出的疑問(wèn)句,回答方式為:yes, must. no, needn t/ don t have to.3 .could在疑問(wèn)句中,表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣,止匕時(shí) could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:could you do me a favour?你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎? could i use your pen被能用一下彳的鋼筆嗎?一yes, you can可以。(注 意回答)4 . shall 引出的疑問(wèn)句用于第一人稱, 表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或客氣的請(qǐng)求。 其回答方式有以下幾種:yes, please. all right. no, thank

19、 you.5 .would you 的回答方式有以下幾種:yes, i will. (no, i wonsuret.)(i m sorry , i canall t.right/ ok/ with pleasure. certainly. (no, thank you .) yes, please.【例題】would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to lily? .a.that s right b.with pleasure c.it doesn t matter d.no trouble【解析】a.意為 對(duì)了,b.意為 樂(lè)意效勞”,cs為

20、 沒(méi)關(guān)系” d意為 不費(fèi)事”。答案:b考點(diǎn)三 :不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義也不同:1. (1) .can可譯為 不會(huì),如:i can t play basketbol不會(huì)打籃球。(1) 2)當(dāng)句子表推測(cè)時(shí),用cant 表達(dá)不可能,如: he can t be ill. he is playing chess with tom.他不可能病了,他正和 tom 下棋呢。(3) can還可用來(lái)回答“ may i這徉的問(wèn)句。如:mayi come in ?我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎? no, you mustn t. / cam,你不能。(4) can還可用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中。can t help dojn禁不住,情不自禁ca

21、n t wait to do sth! 不及待如:she can t help cryin她不禁大哭起來(lái)。the children can t wait to open the box孩子們 迫不及待地想打開(kāi)盒子。2. may的否定式為 may not,譯成 可能不,如:he may not be at homeftfc也許不在家。3. (1) mustn表示不許,不可。如:he mustn t leave his room不許離開(kāi)他的房間。you mustn t talk in class你們不可以在課上說(shuō)話。(2) mustn 也可用于以may表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中。如:may i sta

22、nd here?我可以站在這里嗎? 一 no, you mustn t (caw,即行。4. (1) needn意為 不必。如:you needn t meet him unless youwffikeiopl他,除非你愿意。(2) needn t + have+詞的過(guò)去分詞,表不需要完成但已完成的動(dòng)作,暗含時(shí)間或精力上的浪 費(fèi)。如: you needn t have bought你沒(méi)必要買它(但你卻買了)。5. shouldn 表示不應(yīng)該。 如: you shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little things.這種小事, 你不應(yīng)該感到這么不高興???/p>

23、點(diǎn)四:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + done (動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞) 。做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面。如:you needn t get up so early every doy不必每天都起這么早。she shouldn t speak to her mother in thatway應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說(shuō)話。more and more treesmust be planted in china在中國(guó)必須種植更多的樹(shù)木。many of the stars can not be seen because theyare far away fr

24、om us很多星星我們都看不到,因?yàn)樗鼈冸x我們太遠(yuǎn)了??键c(diǎn)五:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法:一、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)。1、 can 表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。 如: that man can t be her husbandshe is still single. who is knocking at the door? can it be the postman?2、 must 表示肯定的推測(cè),一般用于肯定句中。如: he must be in his office now.mr li must be working now , for the lights in his

25、 office are still on.3、might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不一定是 may的過(guò)去時(shí),只是表示其可能性較小。如:the man may be the headmaster. where is mr li? he might be working in his office. may mr li come? he might not come here.4、could表示推測(cè)時(shí),語(yǔ)氣can比要弱,說(shuō)話者留有余地。如:could it be an animal?- it could not be, because it is not moving.5、should表示推測(cè)的可能性比較大,僅比

26、must的可能性小一點(diǎn)。如:it is already 10 o clock n they should be there.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在過(guò)的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)性用法。1、“must +have done/been表示“過(guò)去一定發(fā)生過(guò)某事或存在過(guò)某種狀態(tài)”,不用于 “mush t+have“ 形式。如: she must have seen the film before hasnshe?任意反意疑問(wèn)旬的后 半部分)you must have met uncle wang in the shop yesterdaydidn you?(注意反意疑問(wèn)旬的后半部分 )2、“sho

27、uld +have done /been應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事,而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做;“ shouldn t+完成式”表示“本來(lái)不應(yīng)當(dāng)做,而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說(shuō)話者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。如:you should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).you shouldn t have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bed again then).3、“needn t+成式”表示“本來(lái)沒(méi)有

28、必要做某事,而實(shí)際上卻做了。如: there was plenty of time. she needrf t have hurried .4、“can t /couldn t+have done-zbeesn表示“過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過(guò)某種狀態(tài)”。 如:i saw him just now. he can t have gone to japan.she said the man couldn t have stolen her car.5、“could+have done/been-表示過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠,可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài),而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有,說(shuō)話者有些遺憾。 could sb. hav

29、e done /been ”是它的問(wèn)句形式。如:you couldhave stayed with the smiths while you were in new york (but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel .) could mr li have helped this girl student?6、“may/might+完成式”表示“過(guò)去可能,本來(lái)可以于某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有干”,might的可能性較小,語(yǔ)氣較弱。如: he may have finished reading the book. she might have given you

30、some hejp however bus she was.【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞易混點(diǎn)歸納】易混點(diǎn)一 :can 和 be able to:兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同,但 can只有原形“can”和過(guò)去式“could”兩種形式,在其他時(shí)態(tài) 中要用be able to來(lái)表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力,花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。 如:jim can t speak english姆不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。he could speak english at 5ffc五歲時(shí)就會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 we ll be able to see him next weekf 星期我們將會(huì)見(jiàn)到他。he has been abl

31、e to drived已經(jīng)會(huì)開(kāi)車 了。i m sure you ll be able to finish it quickiy.信你能迅速地完成。 we were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon我們能在中午到達(dá)山頂。易混點(diǎn)二 :can 和 may1. can和may均可用來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)或許可, 意為“可以”,一般可互換使用。如:can/ may i help you ? 我能幫助你嗎?2. can和may表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別:1)在肯定句中用 might, may, must,不用 can2)在疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)用 can,不用 might,

32、 may, must3)在否定句中用can不可能),不用 may, must。如:she may be in the classroom她可能在教室里。where can they be now她們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒? that can t be true可能是真的。易混點(diǎn)三 : may be 和 maybe用法區(qū)別常用位置句中,作謂語(yǔ)may be may 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, be 為動(dòng)詞原形maybe 副詞,大概、也許,相當(dāng)于perhaps 句首,作狀語(yǔ)例如:he may be wrong , but i m not sure也許他錯(cuò)了,但我也不確定。易混點(diǎn)四: can t 和 mustn t1. c

33、an根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為:(1)不會(huì)。如:i can t speak english不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(2)不能。如: we can t do now because it s too dsrk.黑了,我們現(xiàn)在干不了。(3) 否定句中表示推測(cè)?!安豢赡?” , 如: the man can t be our teacher because he is much youngerthan our teacher那個(gè)人不可能是咱們老師,他年輕得多。2. mustn意為 禁止、不許”,用來(lái)表達(dá)命令,表示強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣。如:you mustn t play football in the street. it s

34、 too dangerous.在街上踢足球,太危險(xiǎn)了。易混點(diǎn)五: must 和 have to1 .must側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要。have to側(cè)重于客觀上的必要,可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。如:i know i must study hard.我知道我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。 my brother was very ill, so i had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。i haven t got any money with me, so i ll have to borrow some from my f

35、riend.我身上沒(méi)帶錢,只好向朋友借點(diǎn)了。 he said they must work hard他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。2 . have to可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài);而must只用于一般現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。如:the composition is due to hand in this morning, so i had to finish it last night.作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。易混點(diǎn)六:used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used for doing sthused to do表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)

36、去,只用于過(guò)去,注意用 to do,不用doing形式;而be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣做”,be可有各種時(shí)態(tài);be used to do意為被使用去做 為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。be used for doing sthn 用作”如:my father used to eating mea俄父親過(guò)去起床晚,但現(xiàn)在不得不早起了。she is used to eating meate習(xí)慣吃肉。he wasn t used toeating in a restauran他不習(xí)慣在飯店吃飯。a knife can be used for cutting things.刀可以用來(lái)割東西)/ a kn

37、ife can be used to cut things。可以用來(lái)割東西)【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例題解析】1、 you pass me a pen? i d like to write down the phone nusmubrer.here it is.a. can b. need c. might d. must【解析】由題干可知,本句表示請(qǐng)求、許可。答案: a2、 may i go to the cinema, mum? certainly, but you be back by 11 o clock.a. can b. may c. must d. need【解析】由題意可知,此處并非表推測(cè)的

38、用法,而是媽媽對(duì)孩子提出的要求,故選 c,意為必 須” 。答案:c3、 you get there by bus. a. don t need b. needn t to c. don t need to d. need don【解析】由選項(xiàng)a可知need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,故應(yīng)加上to才正確。選項(xiàng)b needn為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)去掉to,故選c.4、 you worry about me. it s nothing serious. a. can t b. mustn t c. needn【解析】由題干it s nothing sero可推斷,第一句意為 你不必為我擔(dān)心,故選c。本題易錯(cuò)選 b, mus

39、tn t 意為 “禁止 ” ,故不正確。答案: c5、 excuse me. is this the right way to the summer please? sorry, i m not sure . but it be.a. might b.mustn t c.can t d.must解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might表推測(cè)的用法。i m not sixrfew說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣并不肯定,所以要用 might 。答案: a6、 the man in the office_be mr. black, because he went home just now.a.mustn t b.may not

40、 c.can t d.needn t【解析】由下文he went home just now可知,作者判斷辦公室里那個(gè)人(不可能是mr. black。mustn意為 千萬(wàn)別,may not意為 可能不,needn意為 不必。can意為不可能,故選c。7、 can you go surfing with us this afternoon? i d like to , but i _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.a.need b.must c.have to d.should【解析】由題干my mother is

41、 ill 為客觀要求可知,選c.8、 may i take this book out of the reading room? . please read it here.a. certainly b .no, you needn t c.no, you mustn t d.no, you may not【解析】may i?的否定答語(yǔ)為no, you can t/ mustn mutst i否定答語(yǔ)為no, you needn t/don t have to.;can的否定答語(yǔ)為 no, you can 在t口語(yǔ)交際中,要體會(huì)句子中的情感差 別。答案:c【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞活學(xué)巧練】11 john c

42、ome to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.a. may b. canc. has to d. must2 they do well in the exam. a. can be able to b. be able toc. can able to d. are able to3may i take this book out? no, you. a. cant b. may not c. neednt d. arent4 you go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.

43、a. can b. must c. dare d. would5can you speak japanese? no, i. a. mustnt b. cant c. neednt d. may not21 he be in the classroom, i think no, he be in the classroom. i saw him go home aminute ago.a. can; may not b. must; may not c. may; cant d. may; mustnt2shall i get one more cake for you, dad?- than

44、ks, but you, ive had enough.a. may not b. must not c. cant d. neednt3 even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult.a. may b. must c. can d. need4 he isnt at school. i think he be ill. a. can b. shall c. must d. has to5 i take this one? a. may b. will c. are d. do31 the children play football on the road. a. cant b. can c. mustnt d. must2 you be late for school again next time. a. mustnt b. needntc. dont have to d. dont need to3must i do my homework at once?- no, you. a. neednt b. mustnt c. cant d. may not41 his arm is all right. he go and see the d

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