職稱英語(yǔ)理工A 押題 必考 字典版

1、giant structures-it is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more wonderful_constructions appear. here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.the petronas twin

2、 towers-the petronas towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. with a height_ of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of kuala lumpur. at the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city.

3、 the american architect cesar pelli designed the skyscrapers.the miuau bridge-the millau bridge was opened in 2004 in the tam valley，in southern france. _at_ the time it was built，it was the worlds highest bridge, _reaching_ over 340m at the highest point. the bridge is described as one of the most

4、amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. it was built to _relieve millaus congestion problems. the congestion was then caused by traffic passing from paris to barcelona in spain. the bridge was built to withstand the most extreme seismic and climatic conditions. besides, it is guaranteed for 120 ye

5、ars!the itaipu dam-the itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. it consists of a series of dams across the river parana, which_ forms a natural border between brazil and paraguay. started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction

6、was carried out as a joint project between the two countries. the dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. in 1995 it produced 78% of paraguays and 25% of brazils _energy needs. in its construction, the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 eiffel towers. it

7、 is a truly amazing wonder of engineering.why india needs its dying vulturesthe vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of indias vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental

8、problem the dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the birds . it is also causing serious public health problems across the indian sub-continent.while their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many indians，vultures have l

9、ong played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over india clean. it is because they feed on dead cows. in india, cows are sacred animals and are _traditionally left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.the disappearance of the vultures has led to

10、 an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. there are fears that rabies may increase as a result. and this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers. rabies could also spread to other animal specie

11、s, causing an even greater problem in the future.the need for action is urgent, so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds，deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.large-scale vulture de

12、aths were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in india. a population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined by over 90 per cent. all three species are now listed as “critically endangered”. as most vultures lay only single eggs and take about five years to reach

13、 maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.13- better solar energy systems: more heat, more light -solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or pvts, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they havent been very good at the heat-generating part com

14、pared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. thats because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isnt a very efficient way to gather heat.thats a problem of economics . good solar hot-water systems can harves

15、t much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. and it，s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.in a pair of studies, joshua pearce, an associate professor of materials science and eng

16、ineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better pvt made with a different kind of silicon. his research collaborators are kunal girotra from thinsilicon in california and michael pathak and stephen harrison from queens university, canada.most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，b

17、ut you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. they dont create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. and, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells a

18、re vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the staebler-wronski effect.“that means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” pearce explains，which is one of the reasons thin- film solar panels make up only a small fr

19、action of the market.however, pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the staebler-wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of pvt. you dont have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. in fact，pearces group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal ope

20、rating temperatures，near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the staebler-wronski effect. when they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy _collector_ , they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they boosted the solar cel

21、ls electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人類開(kāi)始直立行走的原因我們大多數(shù)人每天都走路而且手里搬著東西。這樣的活動(dòng)看似太簡(jiǎn)單，大多數(shù)人沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)。但是一個(gè)國(guó)際研究者（包括喬治華盛頓大學(xué)哥倫比亞藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院的richmond博士）團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類直立行走可能源于數(shù)百萬(wàn)年以前適應(yīng)搬運(yùn)稀有的、高質(zhì)量的資源。這些來(lái)自美國(guó)、英國(guó)、日本和葡萄牙的研究者研究了當(dāng)代黑猩猩爭(zhēng)搶食物時(shí)的行為特征，試圖對(duì)什么樣的生態(tài)環(huán)境竟然導(dǎo)致大猿（一種我們與現(xiàn)存的黑猩猩一樣的600萬(wàn)年前的祖先）直立行走作出解釋?！斑@些黑猩猩居住的生態(tài)環(huán)境和我們最早的祖先開(kāi)始直立行走時(shí)是

22、相同的，” richmond博士說(shuō)。研究結(jié)果顯示，當(dāng)黑猩猩需要獨(dú)占一種資源時(shí)，它們就從四肢行走轉(zhuǎn)換為直立行走。由于直立行走可以解放它們的雙手，這使得它們能搬更多的東西。久而久之，雙足活動(dòng)的強(qiáng)烈爆發(fā)可能導(dǎo)致了解剖學(xué)上的變化，因此這種變化也就成為自然選擇的主題，在那種情況下，對(duì)食物或其他 資源的爭(zhēng)奪是十分激烈的。有兩項(xiàng)研究是在幾內(nèi)亞完成的。第一項(xiàng)研究是在京都大學(xué)博蘇森林的一塊天然空地“室外實(shí)驗(yàn)室”進(jìn)行的。研究者們?cè)试S森林里的黑猩猩能得到兩種不同的堅(jiān)果，一種叫油棕櫚堅(jiān)果，自然界隨處可見(jiàn)，一種叫可樂(lè)果，自然環(huán)境中不常見(jiàn)。人們監(jiān)控黑猩猩在下列三種情形下的行為：(a)只有油棕櫚堅(jiān)果；（b)只有少量的可樂(lè)果

23、，大多數(shù)是油棕櫚堅(jiān)果;(c)大多數(shù)是可樂(lè)果，少數(shù)是油棕櫚堅(jiān)果。當(dāng)稀有的可樂(lè)果數(shù)量很少時(shí)，黑猩猩一次就會(huì)拿得多。同樣，當(dāng)大部分是可樂(lè)果時(shí)，黑猩猩對(duì)油棕櫚堅(jiān)果根本視而不見(jiàn)。黑猩猩認(rèn)為可樂(lè)果才是珍貴的資源，并為得到可樂(lè)果激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。處于這種激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境中，黑猩猩直立行走的頻率增加了四倍。很顯然，雙足行走可以使它們拿走更多的稀有資源，而且，為了盡可能地一口氣多拿，它們積極利用可用到的任何方法，甚至嘴巴。第二項(xiàng)研究是在牛津布魯克斯大學(xué)的kimberley hockings進(jìn)行的。該研究歷時(shí)14個(gè)月，主題是博蘇的黑猩猩搶劫糧食，場(chǎng)景是它們不得不為稀有和不可預(yù)知的資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。在這項(xiàng)研究中，黑猩猩35%的活動(dòng)是

24、直立行走。而這一次研究再一次證實(shí)了黑猩猩的直立行走與它們?cè)噲D一次搬走盡可能多的東西有關(guān)。1.which of the following statements is not true according to the first two paragraphs?- a many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2.dr. richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding- b what made our an

25、cestors walk upright.3.kyoto, universitys study discovered that chimpanzees.- c liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4.why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during kyoto universitys experiment?- d because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.what can we infer from the readi

26、ng passage?- d human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.音樂(lè)機(jī)器人伴侶提升音樂(lè)欣賞體驗(yàn)shimi是由佐治亞理工大學(xué)音樂(lè)技術(shù)中心研發(fā)的一款音樂(lè)伴侶。它可以根據(jù)聽(tīng)者的反饋推薦合乎節(jié)拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不斷播放音樂(lè)。這款髙1英尺的機(jī)器人是由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的，因此被標(biāo)榜為“一個(gè)可以互動(dòng)的音樂(lè)朋友”。gil weinberg教授是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者，他解釋說(shuō)：“shimi設(shè)計(jì)的宗旨是改變?nèi)藗冃蕾p音樂(lè)、認(rèn)識(shí)音樂(lè)的方式?！彼麑⒃诮衲?月27日在舊金山的谷歌i/o大會(huì)上展示這款機(jī)器人。一個(gè)由三個(gè)機(jī)器人組成的樂(lè)隊(duì)將為來(lái)賓

27、演奏，并伴隨音樂(lè)起舞。而音樂(lè)是根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式編制的。shimi實(shí)際上是一個(gè)擴(kuò)充基座，它的“大腦”由安卓手機(jī)控制。一旦連接上，機(jī)器人便從用戶的移動(dòng)裝置獲得傳感和音樂(lè)生成能力。換言之，只要有應(yīng)用程序，機(jī)器人便能使用。例如，通過(guò)手機(jī)的照相機(jī)和辨認(rèn)臉型的軟件，shimi就能在房間周圍跟蹤到聽(tīng)眾，然后安置好它的“耳朵”或揚(yáng)聲器，以確保輸送最佳聲音。另外一種識(shí)別特征是基于節(jié)奏和速度。如果用戶打出某個(gè)（音樂(lè)）拍子，shimi會(huì)對(duì)此進(jìn)行分析，然后瀏覽手機(jī)的音樂(lè)庫(kù)，并立即演奏最符合要求的音樂(lè)。一旦音樂(lè)響起來(lái)，shimi就隨韻律起舞?！霸S多人認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，而shiini給我們展示了機(jī)器人可以具有創(chuàng)造力和與人交互的能力?！币魳?lè)技術(shù)博士研究生mason bret