201X張劍考研英語(yǔ)模擬題(本)最新（精華版）

1、第一套試題|精.|品.|可.|編.|輯.|學(xué).|習(xí).|資.|料.directions:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)there is growing interest in east japan railway co. ltd., one of the six companies, created out of the privatized nationalrailwaysys

2、tem. inan industrylackingexcitinggrowth1,itsplantouse real-estate assets inand around train stations2is drawing interest.in a plan called“ station renaissance” that it3in november, jr east said that it would4using its commercialspaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to5more suitable for th

3、e informationage. it wants train stations as pick-up6forsuch goods as books, flowersand groceries7over the internet. in a country where city8depend heavily on trains9commuting,about 16 millionpeople a day go to its train stations anyway, the company10. so, picking up commodities at train stations11c

4、onsumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. jr east already has been using its station12stores for this purpose, but it plans to create13spaces for the delivery of internet goods.the company also plans to introduce14cards known in japan as ic cards because they use integrated circuitfor15infor

5、mation16train tickets and commuter passes17the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a/an 18pass. this will save the company money, because19for ic cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. increased use of ic cards should also20the space needed for ticket vending.1. a perspecti

6、ves b outlooksc prospects d spectacles2. a creatively b originallyc authentically d initially3. a displayed b demonstratedc embarked d unveiled4. a go beyond b set outc come around d spread over5. a applications b enterprisesc functions d performances6. a districts b vicinitiesc resorts d locations7

7、. a acquired b purchasedc presided d attained8. a lodgers b tenantsc dwellers d boarders9. a for b inc of d as10. a figures b exhibitsc convinces d speculates11. a deprives b retrievesc spares d exempts12. a conjunction b conveniencec department d ornament13. a delegated b designatedc devoted d dedi

8、cated14. a clever b smartc ingenious d intelligent15. a checking b gatheringc holdingd accommodating16. a as b forc with d of17. a but for b as well asc instead of d more than18. a unique b singlec unitary d only19. a devices b instrumentsc readers d examiners20. a reduce b narrowc dwarf d shrinksec

9、tion reading comprehensionpart a可編輯 word, 供參考版！directions:read the followingfour texts. answer the questions beloweach text by choosing a, b, c or d. markyour answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)|精.|品.|可.|編.|輯.|學(xué).|習(xí).|資.|料.text 1“ ive never met a human worth cloning, ” says cloning expert mark west

10、husin from the cramped confines of his lab at texas a&m university.“ it s a stupid endeavor.” thats an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named missy. so far, he and his team have not succeeded, though theyhave clone

11、d two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. they just might succeed in cloning missy later this year or perhaps not for another five years. it seems the reproductive system of man s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.westhusins experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by

12、all this talk of human cloning. in three years of work onthe missyplicityproject, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the a&mteam has produced onlya dozen or so embryos carrying missys dna. none have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. the wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously

13、 aborted fetuses may be acceptable when youre dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans.“ cloning is incredibly inefficient,and also dangerous,” he says.even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. ever since dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, west

14、husins phone at a&m college of veterinary medicinehas been ringing busily. cost is no obstacle for customers like missy s mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. hes plopped down $3.7 million so far to fundthe research because he wants a twin to carry on missys fine qu

15、alities after she dies. but he knows her clone may nothave her temperament. in a statement of purpose, missy s owners and the a&m team say they are“ both looking forward tostudying the ways that her clone differs from missy.”the fate of the dog samples will depend on westhusins work. he knows that e

16、ven if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown atbirth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “ why would you ever want to clone humans, ” westhusin asks, “ when were not even close to getting

17、it worked out in animals yet. ”1. which of the following best represents mr. westhusins attitude toward cloning. a animal cloning is a stupid attempt. b human cloning is not yet close to getting it worked out. c cloning is too inefficient and should be stopped. d animals cloning yes, and human cloni

18、ng at least not now.2. the missyplicity project does not seem very successful probably because. a there isnt enough fund to support the research b cloning dogs is more complicated than cloning cats and bulls c mr. westhusin is too busy taking care of the business d the owner is asking for an exact c

19、opy of his pet3. when mr. westhusin says“ . cloning is dangerous,” he implies that. a lab technicians may be affected by chemicals b cats and dogs in the lab may die of diseases c experiments may waste lots of lives d cloned animals could outlive the natural ones4. we can infer from the third paragr

20、aph that. a rich people are more interested in cloning humans than animals b cloning of animal pets is becoming a prosperous industry c there is no distinction between a cloned and a natural dog可編輯 word, 供參考版！ d missy s master pays a lot in a hope to revive the dog5. we may conclude from the text th

21、at. a human cloning will not succeed unless the technique is more efficient b scientists are optimistic about cloning technique c many people are against the idea of human cloning d cloned animals are more favored by owners even if they are weaker答案1. d2.b3.c4.b5.a總體分析本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論克隆動(dòng)物和克隆人試驗(yàn)的文章；第一段：引用專(zhuān)家的話(huà)

22、指出克隆人是愚蠢的嘗試，接著提到正在進(jìn)行的克隆動(dòng)物的試驗(yàn)，指出狗的克隆最具有難度；其次段：介紹動(dòng)物克隆試驗(yàn)所反映出來(lái)的低效性使威斯蘇森教授反對(duì)克隆人；第三段：轉(zhuǎn)折指出，但是克隆狗存在龐大的商機(jī)；第四段：指出克隆動(dòng)物仍遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有勝利，并再次引用專(zhuān)家的話(huà)否認(rèn)目前克隆人的可行性；|精.|品.|可.|編.|輯.|學(xué).|習(xí).|資.|料.1. 下面哪一個(gè)最能代表威斯蘇森先生對(duì)克隆的態(tài)度？ a 克隆動(dòng)物是一種愚蠢的嘗試； b 克隆人仍沒(méi)有接近勝利； c 克隆的效率太低，應(yīng)當(dāng)被禁止； d 克隆動(dòng)物可以，克隆人至少現(xiàn)在仍不行；試題精解精解 此題考查考生文中人物觀點(diǎn)；文中多次引用了威斯蘇森先生有關(guān)克隆的話(huà)，從中我們可

23、以判定出他的態(tài) 度；a 中 a stupid attempt 顯現(xiàn)在文章開(kāi)頭部分，是他對(duì)于克隆人而非克隆動(dòng)物的看法； b中 not yet close to getting it worked out 顯現(xiàn)在文章末句，是他對(duì)待動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的看法，不包括克隆人；事實(shí)上，克隆人仍沒(méi)有開(kāi)頭，談不上是否接近勝利；其次段末句，威斯蘇森先生提到克隆是極其低效的，但沒(méi)有提出因此就應(yīng)當(dāng)被禁止；因此， c部分錯(cuò)誤；其次段倒數(shù)其次句，威斯蘇森先生提出，動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)中對(duì)動(dòng)物卵的鋪張以及動(dòng)物的自然性流產(chǎn)仍可以接受，但爭(zhēng)論人就不行；可見(jiàn)，他默許克隆動(dòng)物，反對(duì)克隆人，因此d正確；2. 克隆密斯項(xiàng)目好像不是特別勝利，緣由可能是 ；

24、 a 沒(méi)有足夠的資金支持這項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)論 b 克隆狗比克隆貓或牛更復(fù)雜 c 威斯蘇森先生太忙于照管生意 d 狗的主人要求和他的寵物一模一樣的復(fù)制品精解此題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)；第一段倒數(shù)其次句指出，克隆密斯可能勝利也可能失?。辉摱巫罱K一句說(shuō)明其緣由是：狗的生殖系統(tǒng)好像是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)中一個(gè)神奇的領(lǐng)域；因此b為正確項(xiàng)；第三段首句提到，克隆狗是一個(gè)商機(jī)，能帶來(lái)豐厚的科研酬勞；該段第三句又提到，對(duì)于像密斯的主人這樣的消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)，高額的花銷(xiāo)并不是什么障礙；由此可知， a 不是項(xiàng)目不勝利的緣由； c屬于無(wú)中生有項(xiàng)，第三段其次句只提到，多利羊克隆勝利后，威斯蘇森教授接到很多期望克隆狗的電話(huà)，這些電話(huà)都潛藏商機(jī)；但不能由此推知他

25、忙于商業(yè)活動(dòng)；第三段最終兩句提到，密斯的主人知道，密斯的克隆體不肯定能有與它一樣的脾氣秉性；在一份用途聲明中， 密斯的主人和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械高校的團(tuán)隊(duì)表示，他們“共同期望能爭(zhēng)論密斯的克隆體與它本身的差異之處；”可見(jiàn) d可編輯 word, 供參考版！|精.|品.|可.|編.|輯.|學(xué).|習(xí).|資.|料.也不是緣由；3. 當(dāng)威斯蘇森先生說(shuō)“克隆是危急的”，他的意思是； a 試驗(yàn)室的技術(shù)員可能會(huì)受到化學(xué)物質(zhì)的感染 b 試驗(yàn)室里的貓和狗可能死于疾病 c 試驗(yàn)會(huì)鋪張很多生命 d 克隆的動(dòng)物比一般的動(dòng)物能活得更長(zhǎng)精解 此題考查句意的懂得；題干引用的話(huà)顯現(xiàn)在其次段末；其上文即該段倒數(shù)其次句中，威斯蘇森先生指出， 在

26、貓或牛的克隆試驗(yàn)中，對(duì)動(dòng)物卵的鋪張以及很多動(dòng)物的自然性流產(chǎn)都可以接受，但是克隆人就不行；因此可知， c 是“危急”的真正含義；其他項(xiàng)文中都未提及；4. 從第三段我們可以推知 ； a 富人對(duì)克隆人比對(duì)克隆動(dòng)物更感愛(ài)好 b 克隆動(dòng)物寵物正成為一個(gè)繁榮昌盛的產(chǎn)業(yè) c 克隆狗和一般的狗之間沒(méi)有什么區(qū)分 d 密斯的主人出重金期望狗能復(fù)活精解此題考查推理引申；第三段首句提到，克隆狗是能帶來(lái)豐厚科研酬勞的商機(jī)；下文無(wú)論是提到動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)院頻繁接到的電話(huà)，仍是舉出一擲千金想克隆愛(ài)犬的富人的例子都是為了說(shuō)明首句的觀點(diǎn)；因此從第三段可推出的結(jié)論 是 b ；該段主要涉及的是克隆狗，因此無(wú)從推知a ；從該段最終兩句可知，

27、c與事實(shí)相反； d錯(cuò)在 revive ，由該段第四句可知，密斯的主人只是想要一個(gè)密斯的孿生子在它死后繼承其優(yōu)良品質(zhì)；5. 從文章中我們可以得知 ； a 除非技術(shù)效率提高否就克隆人類(lèi)不會(huì)勝利 b 科學(xué)家們對(duì)克隆技術(shù)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度 c 很多人反對(duì)克隆人的想法 d 克隆的動(dòng)物即使弱小也更受主人青睞精解此題考查全局事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題；文章一開(kāi)頭就引用專(zhuān)家威斯蘇森的話(huà)，指出克隆人是愚蠢的嘗試；其次段最終兩句提到，克隆試驗(yàn)的低效性和危急性在克隆人中不行接受；文章末尾再次引用該專(zhuān)家的話(huà)，指顯現(xiàn)在動(dòng)物的爭(zhēng)論 仍沒(méi)勝利，沒(méi)有必要想到克隆人；由此可見(jiàn)，技術(shù)是克隆試驗(yàn)存在的主要問(wèn)題，也是阻礙克隆人試驗(yàn)的重要緣由，因 此可推知

28、a 正確；b 明顯錯(cuò)誤，科學(xué)家并不樂(lè)觀；全文只涉及專(zhuān)家和擁護(hù)克隆試驗(yàn)的人的觀點(diǎn)，因此無(wú)從推知 c； d在文中未提及；核心詞匯或超綱詞匯(1) cramped(a.) 狹窄的，狹小的，如working in conditions （在擁擠的環(huán)境里工作）(2) confines （ n. pl. ）范疇，界限，邊界，如the of human knowledge （人類(lèi)的學(xué)問(wèn)范疇） ，the of family life （家庭生活的范疇）(3) vexed (a.)著急的，犯難的，憤怒的(4) missyplicity （ n.）這是個(gè)暫時(shí)造的詞，是三個(gè)部分的合成：missy 指文中提到的那條狗

29、密斯，duplicate 意為“復(fù)制”， -ity 為名詞后綴；(5) canine (a.)犬的，犬科的(6)surrogate mother 代理母體(7)aborted (a.) 流產(chǎn)的；出故障的(8)fetus (n.)胎，胎兒(9) veterinary (a.) 獸醫(yī)的， medicine/science 獸醫(yī)學(xué)可編輯 word, 供參考版！(10) plop （ v.）撲通一聲把放下，如can you some ice in my drink. （能在我的飲料中放點(diǎn)冰塊嗎？）（文中是比如用法，指“投入資金” ）(11) viably (ad.)可實(shí)施地，切實(shí)可行地；能獨(dú)立生存地，

30、能獨(dú)立進(jìn)展地(12) abnormality (n.) 變態(tài)，畸形，反常|精.|品.|可.|編.|輯.|學(xué).|習(xí).|資.|料.全文翻譯“我仍沒(méi)有遇到一個(gè)值得被克隆的人 ,” 克隆專(zhuān)家馬克威斯蘇森在德克薩斯州農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械高?？臻g狹小的試驗(yàn)室里說(shuō)，“那是一種愚蠢的嘗試； ”這種風(fēng)趣的用來(lái)形容克隆人的言辭來(lái)自一位富人，他花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬(wàn)美金試圖克隆一只 13歲的名叫密斯的狗；到目前為止，他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)仍沒(méi)有獲得勝利，盡管他們已經(jīng)克隆出了兩只牛并且正方案在短期內(nèi)克隆出一只貓；他們可能會(huì)在年底勝利克隆出密斯，也可能再過(guò)五年都不會(huì)勝利；人類(lèi)最親熱的伴侶狗的生殖系統(tǒng)好像是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)中一個(gè)神奇的領(lǐng)域；威斯蘇森克隆動(dòng)物的體會(huì)

31、使他對(duì)克隆人的種種說(shuō)法特別惱火；在爭(zhēng)論“克隆密斯項(xiàng)目”的三年時(shí)間里，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械高校的團(tuán)隊(duì)使用了成百上千只犬科動(dòng)物的卵，卻僅僅獲得了一打左右的帶有密斯dna 的胚胎， 并且沒(méi)有一個(gè)在被轉(zhuǎn)移至克隆母體時(shí)存活下來(lái)；教授爭(zhēng)論道，在爭(zhēng)論貓或牛的克隆試驗(yàn)中，對(duì)動(dòng)物卵的鋪張以及很多動(dòng)物的自然性流產(chǎn)都是可以為人們所接受的，但是對(duì)于爭(zhēng)論人來(lái)說(shuō)就不行；他表示說(shuō)，“克隆是特別低效的，而且也相當(dāng)危急；”盡管如此，克隆狗仍是一個(gè)商機(jī)，能帶來(lái)豐厚的科研酬勞；自從1997 年多利羊克隆勝利后，威斯蘇森教授在農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械高校動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)院的電話(huà)就頻頻響起；對(duì)于像密斯的神奇主人這樣的消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)，高額的花銷(xiāo)并不是什么難題，他只是期望匿名以愛(ài)

32、護(hù)自己的隱私；到目前為止，他已經(jīng)投入了370 萬(wàn)美金來(lái)資助這項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)論，由于他想要一個(gè)密斯的孿生子在它死后繼承其優(yōu)良品質(zhì)；但是這位主人知道，密斯的克隆體不肯定能有與它一樣的脾氣秉性；在一份用途聲明中，密斯的主人和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械高校的團(tuán)隊(duì)表示，他們“共同期望能爭(zhēng)論密斯的克隆體與它本身的差異之處；” 用于試驗(yàn)的狗的命運(yùn)將由威斯蘇森教授的工作來(lái)打算；他知道即使有一只能勝利懷孕的狗，它的后代，假如能幸存下來(lái)，一誕生就要面對(duì)其他克隆動(dòng)物所面臨的問(wèn)題：像肺部和心臟發(fā)育不全造成的畸形以及體重問(wèn)題等等；威斯蘇森教授質(zhì)問(wèn)道， “在我們克隆動(dòng)物的爭(zhēng)論仍沒(méi)有接近勝利時(shí)，為什么仍想到要克隆人呢？”text 2for more

33、than two decades, u.s. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas.the legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. for many colleges, this means students can be admitted only o

34、n merit, not on their race or ethnicity. it has been a divisive issue across the u.s., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from michigan to north carolina.now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate.they, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable organizatio