小學(xué)五年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1、英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)法 （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)）一現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be 動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 +其他成分we are having lunch.he is reading a book.the dog is running after a cat.the boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be 動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首are we having lunch?is he reading a book?is the dog running after a cat?are the boys swimmi

2、ng across the river?變否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后面加notwe are not having lunch.he is not reading a book.the dog is not running after a cat.the boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句： what, which, how, where, who, etc疑問詞+動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞what are you doing?what is she doing?what is the dog doing?沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞（必背）表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)

3、詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞： see, hear, like, love, want2. have, has 當(dāng) ”擁有 ” 講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)二 一般過去式： 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件， 常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用， 如 yesterday,last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago構(gòu)成：含有be 動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式， am, is 的過去式為 was ， are 的過去式為werei was at the butcher s.you were a student a year ago.the teacher

4、was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將be 動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首were you at the butcher s?were you a student a year ago?was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后面加noti was not at the butcher s.you were not a student a year ago.the teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答/ 否定回答yes, i was. / n

5、o, i was not.yes, you were. / no, you were not.yes, he/she was. / no, he/she was not.特殊疑問句what did you do?（必背）不含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式i finished my homework yesterday.the boy went to a restaurant.the sawyers lived at king street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加did,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵蚫id you finish your homework yesterday?did th

6、e boy go to a restaurant?did the sawyers live at king street a year ago?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加did noti did not finish my homework yesterday.the boy did not go to a restaurant.the sawyers did not live at king street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答yes, i did. no, i didn t.yes, he did. no, he didn t.yes, they did. no, the

7、y did not.三過去完成時(shí)用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的那個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞after she had finished her homework, she went shopping.they had sold the car before i asked the price.the train had left before i arrived at the station.after/before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)， 如果放在主句后則不用加。1. 變疑問句：將助動(dòng)詞移到句首had she finished her

8、homework?2. 變否定句：在助動(dòng)詞后面加notshe hadn t finished her homework.3. 肯定回答及否定回答yes, she had. no, she hadn t.4. 特殊疑問句：what had she done?四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has +過去分詞用法：1 ） 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作， 常和 just, usually, already, since 等時(shí)間副詞連 用i have just had lunch. （飽了，不用再吃了）he has had a cup of tea. （不渴了，不用再喝）they h

9、ave already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）the boy has already read the book. （已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2 ） 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have you finished your homework?have you been to beijing?have he seen the film?3 ） 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作i have lived in beijing for twenty years.i have worked for this school for 1 year.4 ） 表示

10、一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過。 。 。地方，做過。 。 。事情，經(jīng)歷過。 。 。事情i have never seen a film.i have never been to cinema.i have ever been to paris.have been to 表示去過， have gone to 表示去了i have been to london. （人已經(jīng)回來）he has gone to london. （人還在那里）5 ） 表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用i have lost my pen.i have hurt myself.he has become a teacher.she

11、has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加nothave you lost your pen? i have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答yes, i have. no, i have not.特殊疑問句：what have you done?what has he done?一般過去式與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。錯(cuò)：ive left beijing for 3 days.對(duì)： i left beiji

12、ng 3 days ago. i have been away from beijing for 3 days.五一般將來時(shí)表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形i will go to america tomorrow.the pilot will fly to japan the month after the next.jack will move i

13、nto his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首will you go to america tomorrow?will the pilot fly to japan the month after the next?will jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加noti will not go to america tomorrow.the pilot will not fly to japan the month after the next.jack will no

14、t move into his new house tomorrow morning.肯定回答及否定回答yes, i will. / no, i will not.yes, he/she will. / no, he/she will not.yes, he will. / no, he will not.特殊疑問句what will you do?【 be 動(dòng)詞用法】be 動(dòng)詞 (am 、 is、 are)+not情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can+ not助動(dòng)詞(do、 does) + not如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句：1 、看句中有無be 動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在 be 動(dòng)詞后 + not 。2 、看句中

15、有無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+ not 。3 、如上述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+ not 。分四個(gè)步驟：(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(yǔ)(某人或某物) 后，動(dòng)詞前。(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do,動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用 does(3)在助動(dòng)詞后加not(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some 的要考慮是否要用 any。【一般疑問句】如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為一般疑問句：1、看句中有無be動(dòng)詞，如有，把 be動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。2、看句中有無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。3、如上

16、述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)把助動(dòng)提到句首。分四個(gè)步驟：(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)后，動(dòng)詞前。(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do還是does,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用 do,動(dòng)詞是第三 人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用 does(3)把助動(dòng)詞后提到句首。(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some的要考慮是否要用 any?！咎厥庖蓡柧洹恳蓡栐~意思用法what time什么時(shí)間問具體時(shí)間，如幾點(diǎn)鐘when問時(shí)間表示大概時(shí)間what day問星期問星期幾what date問日期問幾月幾號(hào)who誰(shuí)問人whose誰(shuí)的問主人where在哪里問地點(diǎn)what什么向

17、東西、事物what colour什么顏色問顏色how old多大年紀(jì)問年紀(jì)how many多少數(shù)量(可數(shù)名詞)問數(shù)量how much多少錢；多少數(shù)量(/、可數(shù)名 詞)問多少錢或數(shù)量(不可數(shù)名 詞)辦公室衛(wèi)生管理制度一、主要內(nèi)容與適用范圍1 ,本制度規(guī)定了辦公室衛(wèi)生管理的工作內(nèi)容和要求及檢查與考核。2 .此管理制度適用于本公司所有辦公室衛(wèi)生的管理二、定義1-公共區(qū)域：包括辦公室走道、會(huì)議室、衛(wèi)生間，每天由行政文員進(jìn)行清掃;3 .個(gè)人區(qū)域：包括個(gè)人辦公桌及辦公區(qū)域由各部門工作人員每天自行清掃。1 .公共區(qū)域環(huán)境衛(wèi)生應(yīng)做到以下幾點(diǎn):1) 保持公共區(qū)域及個(gè)人區(qū)域地面干凈清潔、無污物、污水、浮土，無死角

18、。2) 保持門窗干凈、無塵土、玻璃清潔、透明 。3) 保持墻壁清潔，表面無灰塵、污跡。4)保持掛件、畫框及其他裝飾品表面干凈整潔。5) 保持衛(wèi)生間、洗手池內(nèi)無污垢，經(jīng)常保持清潔，毛巾放在固定(或隱蔽)的地方。6) 保持衛(wèi)生工具用后及時(shí)清潔整理，保持清潔、擺放整齊。7)垃圾簍擺放緊靠衛(wèi)生間并及時(shí)清理，無溢滿現(xiàn)象。2.辦公用品的衛(wèi)生管理應(yīng)做到以下幾點(diǎn)：1) 辦公桌面：辦公桌面只能擺放必需物品，其它物品應(yīng)放在個(gè)人抽屜，暫不需要的物品就擺回柜子里，不用的物品要及時(shí)清理掉。2) 辦公文件、票據(jù)：辦公文件、票據(jù)等應(yīng)分類放進(jìn)文件夾、文件盒中，并整齊的擺放至辦公桌左上角上。3)辦公小用品如筆、尺、橡皮榛、訂書機(jī)、啟丁器等，應(yīng)放在辦公桌一側(cè)，要從哪取使用完后放到原位。4) 電腦：電腦鍵盤要保持干凈，下班或是離開公司前電腦要關(guān)機(jī)。5)報(bào)刊：報(bào)刊應(yīng)擺放到報(bào)刊架上，要定時(shí)清理過期報(bào)刊。6)飲食水機(jī)、燈具、打印機(jī)、傳真機(jī)、文具柜等擺放要整齊，保持表面無污垢，無灰塵，蜘蛛網(wǎng)等，辦公室內(nèi)電器線走向要美觀，規(guī)范，并用護(hù)釘固定不可亂搭接臨時(shí)線。7)新進(jìn)設(shè)備的包裝和報(bào)廢設(shè)備以