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1、主謂一致有規(guī)律“三條原則”是法寶 主謂一致是指在英語(yǔ)句子中,句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單復(fù)數(shù)的意義表達(dá)上保持一致。處理主謂一致一般要遵從以下三條基本原則: 一、語(yǔ)法一致原則 語(yǔ)法一致原則是指單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。句中作主語(yǔ)的詞若是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)規(guī)則如下: 1.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及不可數(shù)名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。例如: reading aloud is very important in learning english.大聲朗讀對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)非常重要。 o nod ones head means agre

2、ement. 點(diǎn)頭表示同意。 what they said is true.他們說(shuō)的是真的。 2.主語(yǔ)中有and 連接詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果主語(yǔ)表示抽象整體概念或表示一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)的由and 連接兩個(gè)名詞指一個(gè)概念的形式有: the needle and thread (針線(xiàn)) the fork and knife(刀叉) soap and water(肥皂水) iron and steel(鋼鐵) bread and butter(涂有黃油的面包)等。例如: mary and catherine are close friends. 瑪麗和凱瑟琳是

3、親密的朋友。 bread and butter is served for breakfast in this hotel.這家旅館提供黃油面包作為早餐。 注意:用and連接的兩個(gè)名詞若被 no,each,every,many a修飾作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。有時(shí)可將第二個(gè)every/ each/ no省略。例如: each man and (each) woman has a chance to be raised in our company.在我們公司,每個(gè)男女都有提升的機(jī)會(huì)。 no boy and (no) girl doesnt go to school at the age of

4、six in this village because of the ope project. 由于希望工程,這個(gè)村所有六歲的男孩女孩都能去讀書(shū)。 3.as well as,rather than,including,like,with,together with,along with,but,except,besides,including,no less than等連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)與最前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如: he teacher together with the students is discussing wbxreading skillswbz that was

5、newly published in america. 老師和學(xué)生們正在討論美國(guó)新出版的閱讀技巧。 he father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen river every sunday afternoon in winter. 冬天,父親和他的三個(gè)孩子每周日下午都去結(jié)冰的河上滑冰。 4.“either/ neither/ each/ every/ no+單數(shù)名詞”以及由some,any,no,every與one,body,thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如: neither boo

6、k is interesting to me.在我看來(lái),這兩本書(shū)都沒(méi)什么意思。 someone has come to see you.有人來(lái)看你。 .由“a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of/ the rest of/ a large quantity of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)后面名詞的數(shù)而定。例如: as a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.由于森林被破壞導(dǎo)致沙漠覆蓋了

7、地面。 about threefourths of the earths surface is covered with water. 地球四分之三的表面被水覆蓋著。 注意:“quantities of/ amounts of +不可數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: he lake smells terrible because large quantities of water have been polluted.這個(gè)湖非常難聞,因?yàn)橛写罅康乃驯晃廴尽?6.在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),若是one of結(jié)構(gòu),定語(yǔ)從句

8、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,若是the only one of結(jié)構(gòu),定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如: e was one of the boys who were praised. 他是受表?yè)P(yáng)的男孩之一。 e was the only one of the boys who was praised. 他是男孩中唯一受到表?yè)P(yáng)的。 二、意義一致原則 意義一致原則就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致,這是因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù)。 1.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 例如: one hundred dollars is a l

9、arge sum for the poor. 一百美元對(duì)于窮人來(lái)說(shuō)是一大筆錢(qián)。 wo kilometers is a long way to go on foot.兩千米對(duì)于步行來(lái)說(shuō)是一段很長(zhǎng)的路程。 2.當(dāng)“the + 形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)” 指一類(lèi)人作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常用詞有:rich,poor,living,dead,young,old,blind,sick,wounded,aged,disabled等。例如: what a life the poor were living! 窮人們過(guò)著怎樣的生活! he wounded have been sent to hospital

10、. 傷者已被送往醫(yī)院。 注意:如果該形容詞指抽象概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。例如: he true is to be distinguished from the false. 真假必須辨明。 he unexpected has happened. 出乎意料的事發(fā)生了。 3.以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如mathematics,politics,physics,economics以及news等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如: mathematics is my favourite subject.數(shù)學(xué)是我喜歡的科目。 4.復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作書(shū)、電影、戲劇、報(bào)刊、國(guó)家等名稱(chēng)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

11、。例如: wbxhe arabian nightswbz is a very interesting book.天方夜譚是一本很有趣的書(shū)。 he united states is a developed country.美國(guó)是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。 .equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage,advice,information等不可數(shù)集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;army,committee,team,family,group,government,class,population,audience,public等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞的整體概念,則謂語(yǔ)用單

12、數(shù)形式,若強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞的個(gè)體組成部分,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: is family isnt very large. 他的家庭不算很大。 is family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。 6. trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors, spectacles, pants等名詞沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)只能用復(fù)數(shù),但如果這些名詞前有a(the)pair of等量詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);而有的名詞則是單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,如 sheep,deer,aircraft,means等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),就必須根據(jù)意思來(lái)確定其謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形

13、式。例如: my glasses are broken.我的眼鏡壞了。 a pair of glasses costs quite a lot now.現(xiàn)今一副眼鏡費(fèi)用挺高。 every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 用盡了所有方法阻止污染,天空卻依然不蔚藍(lán)。 7.含有算術(shù)運(yùn)算的句子中,謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù),但多用單數(shù)。例如: eight plus four is/ are twelve. 8加4等于12。 三、就近原則 就近原則也叫臨近原

14、則,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與最靠近它的那部分主語(yǔ)一致。一般用于下列常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)之中: 1.由or,either or,neither nor,not only but also,not but等連接多個(gè)主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)與其相鄰的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。例如: not only i but also jane and mary are tired of having one examination after another. 不僅僅是我,簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗也都厭煩一場(chǎng)接一場(chǎng)的考試。 2. 在there be句型中,如果主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè),謂語(yǔ)通常和鄰近的,即第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如: here is a dictionary

15、and some magazines on the desk. 書(shū)桌上有一本字典和一些雜志。 鞏固性練習(xí) 從a、b、c、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. here some flowers on the teachers desk just now, but now there nothing on it. a. have; hasb. were; was c. were; isd. has; has 2.cm(17ow time flies! en years passed. a. haveb. has c. isd. are 3.he smiths sending ema

16、ils letters, because it is faster. a. prefer; to writing b. prefer; to write c. prefers; to writing d. prefers; to write 4.he head teacher with his students the park if it tomorrow. a. is going to; isnt rainy b. are going to; isnt rainy c. is going to; wont rain d. are going to; doesnt rain .listeni

17、ng to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. a. isb. are c. hasd. have 6.either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. a. areb. is c. haved. be 7.a poet and artist coming to speak to us about chinese painting tomorrow afternoon. a. isb. are c. wasd. were 8.as you can see, the number of cars on roads rising these days. a. was keep

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