B2U3Grammar (2)

1、Book2 Unit3 Grammar制卷人：包麗麗 審核人過去完成時一、 過去完成時的構(gòu)成和形式: had done二、過去完成時的肯定式、否定式和疑問式的構(gòu)成與現(xiàn)在完成時一致，只是把助動詞have/has改成had三、 過去完成時的用法過去完成時表示過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”，過去完成時常用于：1. 帶“before”,”by”的過去時間短語，主句用過去完成時。We had reached the railway station before 5 oclock.我們在5點鐘之前已經(jīng)達(dá)到了火車站。By the end of 2002, this fact

2、ory had produced 200,000 cars.到2002年底，這家工廠已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)了20萬輛小汽車。2. “when”, “before”引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句用過去完成時。When we got to the cinema, they had sold out the tickets already.我們到達(dá)電影院的時候，他們已經(jīng)把票賣光了。The train had already left before we got to the station.我們到達(dá)火車站前，火車已經(jīng)開走了。3. 引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，賓語從句用過去完成時。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：already,

3、yet, still, hardly, scarcely, never等。He said he had never been to London.他說他從來沒去過倫敦。4. 表達(dá)“（未曾實現(xiàn)的）打算或愿望”用plan, intend, mean, want, hope, expect, think, suppose等的過去完成時+不定式的一般式（或that）從句。He had planned to attend the meeting last Sunday, but an accident happened to him.他本來打算參加上星期天的會議， 但是一起意外事故碰巧發(fā)生在了他身上。I

4、 had hoped to come to your party, but I was too busy. 我本打算參加你的晚會，但太忙了。5. dlywhen, no soonerthan引起的句子中，主語常用過去完成時，當(dāng)hardly, no sooner位于句首時，主句的主謂要倒裝。He had hardly got on the train when the train started out.他一登上火車，火車就開了。No sooner had he shut his eyes than he got a hard push in his side.他剛閉上眼睛，就被人狠狠地推了一下

5、。6. 在“this (it) was the first (second, third) time that”句型中，that從句要用過去完成時。It was the second time that she had been out with him alone. 這是她第二次單獨跟他外出。This was the first time that I had gone abroad. 那是我第一次出國?！咀⒁狻慨?dāng)含有由before, after, as soon as等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此，主語和從句都可用一般過去時，而不用過去完成

6、時。I went home after I finished my work.完成工作后，我回家了。Some pupils went out before the bell rang.鈴還沒有響就有幾個同學(xué)出去了。I called him as soon as I arrived.我剛到就給他打了電話。過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別從用法上說，一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去完成時則表示過去某一時間以前(即過去的過去)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。但有時某個動作雖然發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，但卻也可用一般過去時，如： (1) 當(dāng)幾個過去的動作用and, then, but等連接，且按照

7、動作發(fā)生的先后順序表達(dá)時，幾個動作均可用一般過去： I bought a radio but lost it. 我買了一部收音機，但丟了。 He stood up, took his coat and went out. 他站起身來，拿起外套，然后就出去了。 (2) 由after, before, as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，由于這些連詞已經(jīng)清楚地表明了主從句謂語動詞的先后順序，所以對于先發(fā)生的動作也可用一般過去時表示： I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把這消息告訴了他們。 As soon as I (had) p

8、ut the phone down it rang again. 我剛把電話一放下，它又響了。 (3) 在一定的語境中，表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)想法或打算的過去完成時也可用一般過去時表示： He hoped to come with us, but he was too busy. 他本想同我們一起來的，但他太忙了。 I thought I could go, but I cant. 我原認(rèn)為我能去，但我(現(xiàn)在)去不了。 【注】若沒有明確的語境，則宜用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法，否則可能有歧義【實戰(zhàn)演練】1.When Mark opened the door, he saw a women st

9、anding there. He _ her before.A. never saw B. had never seenC. never seesD. has never seen2. He _ more than 5000 words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned3. Father_ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him.A

10、. has left B. leftC. was leaving D. had left 4. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen5. The news came as

11、 no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.A. had known B. knewC. have known D. know 6. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting7. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours, and they would wa

12、it till the star arrived. A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait8. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her before. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. sees9. When the old man _ to look to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. A. started; had already hidde

13、n B. had started; had already hiddenC. had started, was hiding D. was starting; hid將 來 時 態(tài)一般將來時的構(gòu)成1. will/shall do2is/am/are going to do3is/am/are to do 4is/am/are about to do 一般將來時的用法will do 1.We will have a bright future. （主觀愿望）2.The little girl will sleep with her mother every night. （習(xí)慣）3.Fish w

14、ill die without water. （傾向）is/am/are going to do Look at these black clouds - it is going to rain. (有跡象要發(fā)生) I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. （計劃,打算做什么）is/am/are to do She is to get married next month. （按計劃、安排要做某事） All these things are to be answered for(報應(yīng)） （某事注定要發(fā)生）is/am/are about to d

15、oSit down, everyone. The film is about to start. (表示動作即將發(fā)生.不能和具體時間連用) 過去將來時的構(gòu)成 would do was going to do was to do was about to do（1）過去將來時一般由 助動詞would(第二、三人稱)/should(第一人稱)+動詞原形構(gòu)成。不論什么人稱，美國英語皆可用would。用法如下：表示對過去某一時間點而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語從句中。I thought they would come to help me.我認(rèn)為他們會來幫我的。He said he wou

16、ld wait for us at the bus stop.他說他要在車站等我們。表示過去的某種習(xí)慣行為He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常坐幾個鐘頭什么事也不做。He would come to see us on Sundays.過去星期天他經(jīng)常來看望我們。過去將來時的其它表達(dá)法（2）was/were going to表示過去的打算和意圖He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。（打算）表示沒有實現(xiàn)的打算和意圖He was going to come last nigh

17、t, but it rained.他打算昨晚來，但下雨了。(沒實現(xiàn))I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想這部電影會很有趣的。（結(jié)果不是）（3）was/were to+動詞原形這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常指過去的計劃安排或注定要發(fā)生的事情。如果計劃的動作沒有實現(xiàn)，要用動詞的完成式。At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.那時他不知道辭職將會成為他生活的轉(zhuǎn)折點。( 注定要發(fā)生的事情)She said sh

18、e was to take up the position.他說他打算上任。(表示打算)She said she was to have taken up the position. 他說他本打算上任。( 計劃但未能實現(xiàn))（4）was/were about to動詞原形was/were about to動詞原形，表示過去即將發(fā)生的事。The meeting was about to be held the following day.會議打算第二天開。將來正在進(jìn)行時（will be doing ） 將來某一刻正在進(jìn)行的動作Ill be visiting professor Li at 2 th

19、is afternoon.今天下午2點我將拜訪李教授。At this time tomorrow well be flying over the Atlantic. 明天此時我們正在飛越大西洋的上空。經(jīng)常和下列詞組連用：will be doing at this time next year.will be doingat that time tomorrow.will be doingthen.will be doing whenThis time next week we shall be working in that factory 下星期的這時候，我們將在那家工廠勞動。將來完成時 表

20、示在將來某一時間之前所完成的動作。By the end of this month , well have studied 10 units.到這月末，我們將學(xué)完10單元。When they move here next month, well have lived in the city for 5 years.下月他們搬到這里時，我們已住在該市五年了?！緦崙?zhàn)演練】1. If the train starts now, it _in Hebei Province at this time tomorrow. A. will run B. will be running C. would ru

21、n D. is to run2. They will stay in Bejing from Monday to Tuesday next week. We _In Europe then. A. will travel B. will be traveling B. would travel 3. It is very cold. It _. A. is to snow B. will snow C. is going to snow D. would snow4. He _sit there and keeps silent for hours. A. would B. will C. i

22、s to D. is going to 5. I have no way . The drawer _ open. A. wont B. wouldnt C. will not be opening D. is not going to pen6. -Mr Hu will come to our school. -It is a pity. I _in shanghai then. A. will have a meetingB. am to have a meeting C. will be having8. We used to be good friends and _ for hour

23、s. A. will chat B. were to chat C. would chat D. would be chatting9. What would you do if it_ tomorrow? A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining10. Youd better take an umbrella in case it _. A. will rain B. rainsD. will be raining D. will rain11 Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I know. I go and visit her. A. didnt; am going toB. dont; wouldC. dont; willD. didnt; will12. Is Tom still not back? No. By next year he from home for three years. A. will leave B. will have been away C. leavesD. has been away13. What did you do last Sunday