Great scientists Language points

1、人教課標人教課標 高二高二 必修必修 5 Unit 1 1. What do you know about Dr. John Snows being well-known in London? He attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. Questions 3. Did people know how to cure the disease? 2. From what disease did Londoners suffer in his age? They exposed themselves to cholera.

2、 No, they didnt. People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 4. What was the second theory explaining how the disease killed people? 5. How serious was the disease outbreak in London? The cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days. Many of the d

3、eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. 6. Where were many of the deaths in Broad Street? 7. Why did some houses have no deaths? These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad street pump. It seemed the water wa

4、s to blame. 8. What did Dr. Snow think was responsible for the disease? He told the people to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used. 9. What did Dr. Snow advised the people in Broad Street do? 10. What else did Dr. Snow find in another part of London that were linked to the B

5、road Street outbreak? In addition, he found 2 other deaths. 11. What conclusion did Dr. Snow tell the public? He announced that polluted water carried the disease. 12. What did Dr. Snow tell the water companies? They were instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore. 練習題練習題 attend 【匹配匹配

6、】 閱讀下列句子，并在其后的括閱讀下列句子，并在其后的括 號中填出號中填出attend的含義。的含義。 出席，參加出席，參加 b. 照顧，護理照顧，護理 a.c. 經常去，定期去經常去，定期去 Mary invited about 30 people to her party, but only 12 attended it. ( ) 2. All the six members of my family attend church every Sunday. ( ) a c 3. The nurse attended the patients with great care. ( ) 4.

7、If you go out, who will attend to the baby? ( ) 【點撥點撥】attend常作及物動詞（句常作及物動詞（句1至句至句 3），也可作不及物動詞，構成），也可作不及物動詞，構成attend to sb. / sth.結構，意為結構，意為“處理；對付；照料；處理；對付；照料； 關懷關懷”（句（句4）。）。 b b 【拓展拓展】attend, join, take part in都可意都可意 為為“參加參加”，區(qū)別如下：，區(qū)別如下： attend后主要接后主要接meeting, conference, school, ceremony等作賓語；等作賓語；j

8、oin后的賓語后的賓語 主要是表示團體、組織主要是表示團體、組織(如軍隊、黨派如軍隊、黨派)、 一群人、游戲等的名詞，如一群人、游戲等的名詞，如party, army, club等；等；take part in后的賓語主要是某項后的賓語主要是某項 活動，如活動，如discussion, movement, revolution, debate等。等。 【小試小試】 將下列句子翻譯成漢語。將下列句子翻譯成漢語。 Many children in the poor village cant attend school although they have reached the school ag

9、e. 2. Daniel is sick now and he needs someone to attend to him. 丹尼爾現(xiàn)在生病了，需要有人照顧他。丹尼爾現(xiàn)在生病了，需要有人照顧他。 那個窮村子的許多孩子雖然到了上學那個窮村子的許多孩子雖然到了上學 的年齡但卻上不了學。的年齡但卻上不了學。 e.g. 1. The wolf opened its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth. 2. Dont _ your skin to the sun; your skin will be hurt. expose expose expose e.g. The

10、police began to look into the case, but the eyewitness was afraid to _ the murderer. Meaning? “to make known; to tell the truth” expose 揭發(fā)揭發(fā) * When you have a pain in your shoulders, you will go to see a doctor. The doctor will _ you. He will _ the pain in your shoulders. Aspirin is said to be a won

11、derful _ for the pain. cure cure cure cure v. 治愈治愈 n. 療療 法法 * Although the boy was beyond _, his parents tried to _ him of bad habits. * The prices are going up every day, but there is no _ for rising prices. cure cure cure 不可救藥不可救藥 n. 對策對策 e.g. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聰明孩子容易吸收知識。聰明

12、孩子容易吸收知識。 Aspirin is quickly absorbed by /into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身體吸收了。阿司匹林很快被身體吸收了。 The strong states often absorbed the small states in the past. 過去大國兼并小國。過去大國兼并小國。 absorb 吸收吸收; 吸引吸引; 使專心使專心; 合并合并; 吞并吞并 He is absorbed in his business. 他專心致志的處理業(yè)務。他專心致志的處理業(yè)務。 be absorbed in = concentrate on 表示表示“專心于某

13、事專心于某事” e.g. He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently. absorb ones attention e.g. Chinese history absorbs his attention recently. be absorbed by 被被吞并；為吞并；為所吸收所吸收 absorb into 吞并；吸吞并；吸到到 absorb ones time 占用某人的時間占用某人的時間 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 嚴重急性呼吸道癥候群嚴重急性呼吸道癥候群 Do you kno

14、w the full name of SARS? severe severe用作形容詞，當它的意思為用作形容詞，當它的意思為“嚴嚴 重的；嚴肅的重的；嚴肅的”時，和時，和serious相近；當相近；當 它的意思為它的意思為“嚴厲的；嚴格的嚴厲的；嚴格的”時，與時，與 strict 相近，常用結構相近，常用結構be severe on (upon) / with sb. 表示表示“對某人嚴厲或對某人嚴厲或 嚴格嚴格”；此外它還有；此外它還有“劇烈的；尖銳的；劇烈的；尖銳的； 樸素的樸素的”的意思。的意思。 e.g. The drought is becoming increasingly sev

15、ere. 旱災日趨嚴重。旱災日趨嚴重。 He is severe with his children. 和對子女很嚴格。和對子女很嚴格。 You are too severe on (upon) the boy. 你對那個男孩太嚴厲了。你對那個男孩太嚴厲了。 I felt a severe pain in the chest. 我感到胸口劇烈疼痛。我感到胸口劇烈疼痛。 表示表示“傷勢嚴重傷勢嚴重”要用要用severe, 不用不用serious; 但指但指“疾病嚴重疾病嚴重”時時, 兩者都可與兩者都可與illness連連 接。接。 e.g. She received severe head in

16、juries in the accident. 在事故中她的頭部受了重傷。在事故中她的頭部受了重傷。 I was laid up for six weeks with a severe /serious illness. 由于重病，我臥床六個星期。由于重病，我臥床六個星期。 此句不可用此句不可用serious。 泵泵 (油泵油泵; 氣泵氣泵), 抽水機抽水機, 打氣筒打氣筒 pump If have a flat tyre, you will pump air into the tyre. (You will pump up your tyre.) When my car was short

17、of gas, I went to the gas station, where the guy pumped gas. pump v. 打氣打氣 v. 打氣打氣 We had a debate yesterday. The lively debate really pumped us up. His heart was pumping fast. During the drought last year, the villagers had pumped the well dry, but got no more water. v. 給給打氣打氣 v. 心跳心跳 v. 用唧筒抽用唧筒抽(水等

18、水等); 用唧筒抽吸用唧筒抽吸.中的水中的水 等等 酒館酒館 bar 旅館旅館; 小店小店 pub, public house blame 【觀察觀察】 仔細觀察下列句子并體會仔細觀察下列句子并體會blame 在句中的詞性、含義及用法。在句中的詞性、含義及用法。 Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English. 2. Its no use blaming our defeat on the player. 3. Its you who are to blame for the ac

19、cident. 4. You must take the blame for the mistakes in the report. 5. The boss always puts the blame for the failure on us. 【點撥點撥】blame作動詞，意為作動詞，意為“責備；譴責備；譴 責責”，可構成：，可構成：blame sb. / sth. for sth. 因某事而指責某人因某事而指責某人/某事（句某事（句1）；）；_ _ 把某事歸咎于某人把某事歸咎于某人/某事某事 （句（句2）；）；_ 對某事負對某事負 有責任（主動表被動）（句有責任（主動表被動）（句3）；）

20、； blame作名詞，意為作名詞，意為“過失；責備過失；責備”，可，可 構成：構成：take the blame承擔責任（句承擔責任（句4）；）； put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎把某事歸咎 于某人。于某人。 blame sth. on sb. / sth. be to blame for sth. 【小試小試】 將下列句子翻譯成英語。將下列句子翻譯成英語。 1. 那次事故怪不著孩子們。那次事故怪不著孩子們。 2. 警察把那起交通事故歸咎于警察把那起交通事故歸咎于Jack的粗心的粗心 駕駛。駕駛。 The police blamed the traffic

21、 accident on Jacks careless driving. The children were not to blame for the accident. handle A. 操作操作; 運用運用 B. 經銷經銷; 買賣買賣 C. 管理管理 D. 對待對待 E. 應付應付 F. 控制控制; 管管 handle v. Choose the Chinese explanations in the box. 1. Ms Hawkins, the chief accountant of the company handles the companys accounts.C. 管理管理

22、2. The children are so naughty that I cant handle them. 3. She handled a difficult argument skillfully. F. 控制控制; 管管 E. 應付應付 4. Handle children kindly, if you want them to trust you. 5. This shop handles paper and stationery. 6. He learnt how to handle the axe. D. 對待對待 B. 經銷；買賣經銷；買賣 A. 操作；運用操作；運用 in

23、addition also as well as besides used when adding another fact to what has already been mentioned e.g. In addition to apples you asked for, I bought you some oranges. in addition 2. The two towns are linked by a railway. v. 連接連接 1. A lot of links fitted together form a chain. n.(鏈狀物的鏈狀物的)環(huán)環(huán), 節(jié)節(jié) 3. T

24、he new bridge will link the island to the mainland. link 4. 研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了吸煙和心臟病之間的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了吸煙和心臟病之間的 關系。關系。 Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease. 1. The captain announced that the plane was going to land. 2. The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mo

25、untain. 3. The army announced a cease-fire. announce 4. It has been announced that Mr. A and Miss B will be married next week. Meaning? * to make known publicly; to give information using a loudspeaker, esp. at an airport or railway station 5. The announcer announces three programs a week. * to intr

26、oduce a program on TV or radio * train approach announcement * He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition. * make an announcement announcement instruct instruct 意思為意思為“命令；指示；囑咐；吩命令；指示；囑咐；吩 咐；教導（教授知識或技術）；訓練咐；教導（教授知識或技術）；訓練”。 其名詞形式為其名詞形式為instructor（教員；教練）（教員；教練） 和和instruction（命令；指

27、示；說明）。（命令；指示；說明）。 e.g. The teacher instructed him to start early. 老師命令他早動身。老師命令他早動身。 Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives. 我得到指示在這兒等到講課老師到來。我得到指示在這兒等到講課老師到來。 He instructs a class in history. 他教授一個班的歷史。他教授一個班的歷史。 Read the instructions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的說明?？匆幌麓由系恼f明。 instruc

28、t in instruct 指向一個人或一組人傳授知識指向一個人或一組人傳授知識, 但并不清楚他們是否學到什么。但并不清楚他們是否學到什么。 teach 是最普通的詞是最普通的詞, 可指或不指學術可指或不指學術 方面的學習方面的學習; 作不及物動詞時作不及物動詞時, 表示教書表示教書 生涯。生涯。 tutor 指一學生與一老師的關系指一學生與一老師的關系, 常指課常指課 外的一個教師對一個學生的補習工作。外的一個教師對一個學生的補習工作。 educate指范圍更廣泛的學術過程指范圍更廣泛的學術過程, 完成比完成比teach更大的結果。更大的結果。 train指使一個人或一組人在某一專指使一個人

29、或一組人在某一專 門的技能或職業(yè)方面達到必要的水門的技能或職業(yè)方面達到必要的水 平平, 也可指訓練動物。也可指訓練動物。 coach 指在普通的教育體系之外訓指在普通的教育體系之外訓 練或培養(yǎng)一個人或一組人練或培養(yǎng)一個人或一組人, 常為了通常為了通 過某項專門的考試。過某項專門的考試。 e.g. I taught history for many years. 我教歷史好多年了。我教歷史好多年了。 Who taught you to ride a bicycle? 誰教你騎自行車的？誰教你騎自行車的？ He instructed us in English, but some of them made little progress. 他教我們英語，但我們有些人幾乎他教我們英語，但我們有些人幾乎 沒有進步。沒有進步。 是指學術的是指學術的 不是指學術的不是指學術的 In his spare time, he tutored me in English. 在課余時間，他教我英語。在課余時間，他教我英語。 The writer was educated at a very good school. 這位作家在一所很好的學校里受過教育。這位作家在一所很好的學校里受過教育。 It takes several years to train a doctor. 培