[自學(xué)考試密押題庫(kù)與答案解析]英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)自考題模擬2

1、自學(xué)考試密押題庫(kù)與答案解析英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)自考題模擬2自學(xué)考試密押題庫(kù)與答案解析英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)自考題模擬2英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)自考題模擬2.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.問(wèn)題:1. Which kind of meaning is the meaning that is given in the dictionary and that for

2、ms the core of word-meaning?A.Conceptual meaning.B.Grammatical meaning.C.Lexical meaning.D.Associative meaning.答案:A問(wèn)題:2. The semantic change of the word girl from a young person of either sex to female young person is called _.A.extensionB.narrowingC.degradationD.elevation答案:B問(wèn)題:3. Tulip and rose ar

3、e _ of flower.A.synonymsB.antonymsC.homonymsD.hyponyms答案:D上下義關(guān)系(hyponymy)指的是詞語(yǔ)之間的語(yǔ)義包含關(guān)系，即一個(gè)意思比較具體的詞包含在另外一個(gè)意思比較具有概括性的詞里面。題目中的“tulip”和“rose”兩個(gè)詞包含在“flower”一詞的語(yǔ)義里面。問(wèn)題:4. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example of _.A.domicile for homeB.diminutive for weeC.purse for moneyD

4、.beaver for girl答案:C轉(zhuǎn)移(transfer)指的是本來(lái)指代一樣事物的詞語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)而指代其他的事物。題目中的“purse”原來(lái)指裝硬幣或者紙幣的扁平小包，現(xiàn)在則可以指“錢(qián)”。這種轉(zhuǎn)移叫相關(guān)性轉(zhuǎn)移(associative transfer)。問(wèn)題:5. The word criticize means to find fault with nowadays. But its original meaning was _.A.curseB.reviewC.appraiseD.view答案:C詞的降格(degradation)指的是本來(lái)含有褒義或者能使人產(chǎn)生積極聯(lián)想的詞逐漸含有貶義的過(guò)程

5、。題目中的“criticize”原意為“評(píng)價(jià)”，而其現(xiàn)在的意思是“批評(píng)”。問(wèn)題:6. _ explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A.Etymological motivationB.Semantic motivationC.Morphological motivationD.Onomatopoeic motivation答案:B語(yǔ)義理?yè)?jù)指的是由詞的概念意義激發(fā)出的對(duì)詞的相關(guān)聯(lián)想，它可以解釋詞的字面意義和比喻意義的聯(lián)系。問(wèn)題:7. Which two of the fo

6、llowing are perfect homonyms?A.Bear (n.)/Bear (v.).B.Are (v.)/R.C.Bow (n.)/Bow (v.).D.Sow (v.)/Sow (n.).答案:A完全同形同音異義詞(perfect homonyms)指的是詞形和發(fā)音都相同但是意義不同的詞。題目中“bow”(n.)和“bow”(v.)一組及“sow”(v.)和“sow”(n.)互為同形異音異義詞(homographs)；“are”和“R”互為同音異形異義詞(homophones)，但D項(xiàng)兩詞發(fā)音不相同，不是完全同形同音異義詞。問(wèn)題:8. The differences bet

7、ween synonyms boil down to the three areas: _.A.denotation, connotation and intensityB.connotation, intensity and applicationC.denotation, connotation and applicationD.connotation, implication and application答案:C同義詞之間的差異主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：外延(denotation)，內(nèi)涵(connotation)，以及各自的應(yīng)用(application)。問(wèn)題:9. Words like

8、 miaow, tick-tuck and ping-pong are _ motivated.A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologically答案:A題目中“miaow”，“tick-tuck”，“ping-pong”等詞都是通過(guò)模仿自然莽中的聲音而產(chǎn)生的，它們的發(fā)膏可以表示出其意義，因此它們都是擬聲理?yè)?jù)(onomatopoeically motivated)詞。問(wèn)題:10. Antonyms are often used in proverbs to _.A.form antithesis to achiev

9、e emphasisB.express ideas easilyC.form metaphorsD.express ideas economically答案:A反義詞(antonyms)常常被放置在一起，形成對(duì)偶(antithesis)，以此起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。許多格言、諺語(yǔ)都有此特征，例如：more haste，less speed(欲速則不迭)。問(wèn)題:11. That the relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary means that _.A.the connection bet

10、ween the sign and mean ing has a logical explanationB.all the words are non-motivatedC.the connection between the sign and meaning does not have a logical explanationD.none of the above答案:C問(wèn)題:12. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _.A.butcher one who kills goatsB.journal periodic

11、alC.companion one who shares breadD.mill places for grinding答案:B詞義的擴(kuò)大(extension)指的是原本意思較為具體的詞的意思變得較為概括的過(guò)程。題目中的“journal”原意為“日?qǐng)?bào)”，而現(xiàn)在的意思是“期刊”。問(wèn)題:13. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _.A.its referentB.its referring expressionsC.its meaningD.its concept答案:C問(wèn)題:14. The anton

12、yms big and small are _.A.contradictory termsB.contrary termsC.relative termsD.connected terms答案:B對(duì)立反義詞(contrary terms)可通過(guò)兩個(gè)反義詞意義的兩極之間不同層級(jí)的對(duì)立得以最好地體現(xiàn)。此類(lèi)反義詞是可以分級(jí)、對(duì)立存在的。問(wèn)題:15. From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning. The first meaning is called

13、 _.A.primary meaningB.derived meaningC.central meaningD.basic meaning答案:A.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.問(wèn)題:1. _ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the second meaning proceeds out in every direc

14、tion like rays.答案:Radiation問(wèn)題:2. _ is a process by which a word denoting one thing changes to refer to a different but related thing.答案:Transfer問(wèn)題:3. Contrary terms are _ antonyms.答案:gradable問(wèn)題:4. By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its _.答案:origin

15、問(wèn)題:5. Ground floor in British English and first floor in American English have the same _.答案:sense.Define the following terms.問(wèn)題:1. connotation答案: Connotation refer to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.問(wèn)題:2. motivation答案: Motivation refers to the relationship between

16、the structure of a word/the linguistic symbol and is meaning.問(wèn)題:3. contrary terms答案:Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes, such as rich and poor.問(wèn)題:4. hyponymy答案: Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meanin

17、g of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word.問(wèn)題:5. collocative meaning答案: Collocative meaning is the word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your an

18、swers in the space given below.問(wèn)題:1. What is a semantic field? Why is it useful in our reading?答案: A semantic field is a meaning area where words share the same concept. A semantic field is useful because it helps pin down the meanings of words in relation to other words in the semantic field. Often

19、, a word is not known until the words that operate with it become known.問(wèn)題:2. What is the difference between polysemy and perfect homonyms?答案: Polysemy is a common feature of all natural languages: it means a word has two or more meanings. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in sound and spell

20、ing, but different in meaning.問(wèn)題:3. How do you understand semantic motivation?答案: Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.問(wèn)題:1. Explain the meaning of the phrase a laconic answer, using the theory of motivation.答案: Laconic is derived from Lacons,