2022屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí) 必修5 Unit 3 Science and nature課時(shí)作業(yè)

1、2022屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí) 必修5 unit 3 science and nature課時(shí)作業(yè)2022屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí) 必修5 unit 3 science and nature課時(shí)作業(yè)年級(jí)：姓名：十五必修5unit 3science and nature. 閱讀理解a(2021蘭州模擬)they may be teenagers, but 17-year-old brittany bull and 16-year-old sesam mngqengqiswa have grand ambitionsto launch africas first private satellite

2、into space. they are part of a team of high school girls from cape town, south africa, who have designed and built equipment for a satellite that will orbit over the earths poles scanning africas surface. once in space, the satellite will collect information on agriculture, and food security within

3、the continent. “using the data, we can try to determine and predict the problems africa will be facing in the future, ” explains bull, a student at pelican park high school. “where our food is growing, where we can plant more trees and vegetation and also how we can monitor remote areas, ” she says.

4、 “we have a lot of forest fires and floods but we dont always get out there in time. ” information received twice a day will go towards disaster prevention. its part of a project by south africas meta economic development organization (medo) working with morehead state university in the us. the girl

5、s (14 in total) are being trained by satellite engineers from cape peninsula university of technology, in an effort to encourage more african women into stem (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). scheduled to launch in may 2017, if successful, it will make medo the first private company i

6、n africa to build a satellite and send it into orbit. mngqengqiswa comes from a single parent household. her mother is a domestic worker. by becoming a space engineer or astronaut, the teenager hopes to make her mother proud. “discovering space and seeing the earths atmosphere, its not something man

7、y black africans have been able to do, or get the opportunity to look at. i want to see and experience these things for myself, ” says mngqengqiswa. her teammate bull agrees, “i want to show fellow girls that we dont need to sit around or limit ourselves. any career is possibleeven aerospace. ”【文章大意

8、】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了為了吸引更多的非洲女性從事科技領(lǐng)域工作, 南非開(kāi)展了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目, 讓專(zhuān)家們培訓(xùn)女孩學(xué)習(xí)衛(wèi)星發(fā)射技術(shù)。1. what does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?a. information provided by the satellite. b. the benefits brought by the satellite. c. problems african agriculture faces. d. the way the satellite collects information. 【解析】選b。段落大意題。這一段主要講述這顆

9、衛(wèi)星被發(fā)送到太空后將在許多方面發(fā)揮著重要作用, 所以第二段主要說(shuō)明這顆衛(wèi)星將給整個(gè)非洲帶來(lái)的益處, 故選b。2. why are the experts teaching the girls satellite technology?a. to turn them into good farmers. b. to help african women to live better. c. to train employees for a private company. d. to attract more african women to sci-tech fields. 【解析】選d。細(xì)節(jié)

10、理解題。由文章第四段內(nèi)容, 尤其是關(guān)鍵信息“encourage more african women into stem”可知, 專(zhuān)家教女孩們學(xué)習(xí)衛(wèi)星技術(shù)是為了鼓勵(lì)更多的非洲女性進(jìn)入科技領(lǐng)域, 故選d。3. what do you think of the girls in the text?a. ambitious and pioneering. b. generous and considerate. c. independent and modest. d. brave and tolerant. 【解析】選a。推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“the teenager hopes to

11、 make her mother proud”, “its not something many black africans have been able to do”, “i want to see and experience these things for myself”以及最后一段“her teammate bull agrees, i want to show fellow girls that we dont need to sit around or limit ourselves. any career is possibleeven aerospace. ”可推知, 文中

12、的女孩充滿(mǎn)雄心壯志, 且具有開(kāi)拓精神, 故選a?！局R(shí)拓展】 長(zhǎng)難句分析they are part of a team of high school girls from cape town, south africa, who have designed and built equipment for a satellite that will orbit over the earths poles scanning africas surface. 分析:本句是主從復(fù)合句。本句who have designed and built equipment for a satellite tha

13、t will orbit over the earths poles scanning africas surface是high school girls的非限制定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句中含有a satellite 的定語(yǔ)從句 that will orbit over the earths poles scanning africas surface, 后面現(xiàn)在分詞scanning africas surface作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。翻譯:她們是來(lái)自南非開(kāi)普敦的一個(gè)高中女生小組的成員, 她們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)并制造了一顆衛(wèi)星的設(shè)備, 該衛(wèi)星將在地球兩極上空運(yùn)行, 掃描非洲的表面。b(2021濟(jì)南模擬)scientists

14、have developed a new type of smart bandage (繃帶) that can signal the type of bacterial (細(xì)菌的) infection its protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. the traffic light system works just like this: green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bact

15、eria, yellow means drug-sensitive (ds) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (dr) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out. in testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both ds and dr inf

16、ections using the new method. however, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance. its easy to see how a simple bandage

17、and light could overcome some of these limitations. treatment doesnt have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. whats more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on whats happening with the infe

18、ction, if theres an infection at all. the researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or pdt. weve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science like the nanof

19、iber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. then theres the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection. the more work that a bandage can do while its protecting a wound, the better. efforts

20、to improve bandages continue and now weve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly whats going on too. 【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新型的智能繃帶, 它可以像交通燈一樣顯示出它所保護(hù)的細(xì)菌感染類(lèi)型, 并根據(jù)需要釋放出正確的藥物類(lèi)型。文章說(shuō)明了這種繃帶的優(yōu)勢(shì)以及預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的發(fā)展。4. what is the smart bandage mainly designed to d

21、o?a. avoid the use of antibiotics. b. clear out harmful bacteria. c. detect bacterial infections. d. increase treatment options. 【解析】選c。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage that can signal the type of bacterial infection its protecting, just like a traffic light, as wel

22、l as release the right type of drugs on demand. 可知, 科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新型的智能繃帶, 它可以像交通燈一樣顯示出它所保護(hù)的細(xì)菌感染類(lèi)型, 并根據(jù)需要釋放出正確的藥物類(lèi)型。由此可知, 智能繃帶的主要功能是檢測(cè)細(xì)菌感染。故選c。5. what is the advantage of the smart bandage?a. it saves much time and cost. b. it removes the risk of infection. c. it prevents the bacterial resistance. d. i

23、t improves doctor-patient relationship. 【解析】選a。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中however, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. 可知, 然而, 常用的電阻檢測(cè)方法受到時(shí)間、專(zhuān)業(yè)人員的要求和昂貴儀器的限制。以及第三段第一句its easy to see how a simple bandage and light could

24、overcome some of these limitations. 可知, 很容易看出一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的繃帶和光可以克服這些限制。由此可知, 智能繃帶的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是節(jié)省了很多時(shí)間和成本。故選a。6. what can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?a. traditional bandages are out of use now. b. more smart bandages will be developed. c. progress in science calls for more research. d. people are urged t

25、o study medical science. 【解析】選b。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中efforts to improve bandages continue and now weve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly whats going on too. 可知, 改進(jìn)繃帶的努力仍在繼續(xù), 現(xiàn)在我們有了一種繃帶, 不僅能釋放抗生素, 還能告訴病人到底發(fā)生了什么。由此可推知, 更多的智能繃帶將被開(kāi)發(fā)。故選b。7. what does the text fo

26、cus on?a. a successful test on mice. b. a colour-changing bandage. c. sensing drug-resistant bacteria. d. preventing abuse of antibiotics. 【解析】選b。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage that can signal the type of bacterial infection its protecting, just like a traffic ligh

27、t, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. 可知, 科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新型的智能繃帶, 它可以像交通燈一樣顯示出它所保護(hù)的細(xì)菌感染類(lèi)型, 并根據(jù)需要釋放出正確的藥物類(lèi)型。結(jié)合文章還說(shuō)明了這種繃帶的優(yōu)勢(shì)和未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。由此可推知, 文章的重點(diǎn)是智能繃帶。故選b。【知識(shí)拓展】佳詞積累bacterial adj. 細(xì)菌的 infection n. 感染 release v. 釋放 professional adj. 專(zhuān)業(yè)的. 閱讀填句handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art. f

28、ew businesses can run nowadays without computers. 1 researchers from princeton university conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes on a lecture. 2 participants were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and ag

29、ain a week later. and handwriting emerged as the champion. 3 the typers had a significant edge when it came to note-taking efficiency. the typers could copy down significantly many more words than the writers, sometimes even transcribing the contents of the lecture word-for-word. but while more of t

30、he lectures content was retained (保留) on paper when typing, it wasnt necessarily retained in participants heads. 4 on the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more

31、 conceptual questions. as for the later quiz, the results were similar. students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. these participants were also more open to understanding new ideas. 5a. the tests that the participan

32、ts took proved this. b. the efficiency of handwriting might best benefit you. c. thats not to say that typing doesnt have its benefits. d. in this study, the laptops were only used to take notes. e. generally speaking, typing also has its own disadvantages. f. but what are we losing as handwriting l

33、oses its significance in society?g. clearly, writing by hand is one of the things that can make you smarter. 【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。書(shū)法正迅速成為一種瀕臨消亡的藝術(shù)。現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有計(jì)算機(jī)幾乎沒(méi)有企業(yè)能經(jīng)營(yíng)。而普林斯頓大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究, 以證明在課堂上寫(xiě)筆記和打筆記的學(xué)生之間的區(qū)別。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)打字者并不一定能記住課堂內(nèi)容, 而手寫(xiě)筆記的學(xué)生仍然能夠記住并理解講課的概念, 對(duì)理解新思想也更開(kāi)放。1. 【解析】選f。根據(jù)上文handwriting is quickly becomin

34、g a dying art. few businesses can run nowadays without computers. 可知, 書(shū)法正迅速成為一種瀕臨消亡的藝術(shù)。現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有計(jì)算機(jī)幾乎沒(méi)有企業(yè)能經(jīng)營(yíng)。由此可知, 本句承接上文說(shuō)明書(shū)法在社會(huì)中的消失引發(fā)人們反思, 故f選項(xiàng)“但是, 隨著書(shū)法在社會(huì)中的重要性消失, 我們又失去了什么呢?”符合上下文語(yǔ)境, 故選f。2. 【解析】選d。 根據(jù)上文researchers from princeton university conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between studen

35、ts who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes on a lecture. 可知, 普林斯頓大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究, 以演示在課堂上寫(xiě)筆記和打筆記的學(xué)生之間的區(qū)別。由此可知, 筆記本電腦打出筆記和手寫(xiě)筆記在進(jìn)行研究, 為了證明二者之間的區(qū)別, 筆記本電腦應(yīng)當(dāng)是只能用來(lái)打字, 才能凸顯出二者的區(qū)別。故d選項(xiàng)“在這項(xiàng)研究中, 筆記本電腦只是用來(lái)做筆記”符合上下文語(yǔ)境, 故選d。3. 【解析】選c。根據(jù)后文the typers had a significant edge when it came to note-taking ef

36、ficiency. 可知, 打字員在記筆記效率方面有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。由此可知, 本段是在說(shuō)明打字的好處。故c選項(xiàng)“這并不是說(shuō)打字沒(méi)有好處”符合上下文語(yǔ)境, 故選c。4. 【解析】選a。根據(jù)后文on the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more conceptual questions

37、. 可知, 在講座結(jié)束后30分鐘的測(cè)試中, 打字者和寫(xiě)作者在關(guān)于講座基本內(nèi)容的問(wèn)題上表現(xiàn)得差不多, 但在更概念化的問(wèn)題上, 打字者就落后了。由此可知, 參與的測(cè)試者證明了上文“打字者的大腦不一定能記住課堂上的內(nèi)容”這一觀點(diǎn)。故a選項(xiàng)“參與者參加的測(cè)試證明了這一點(diǎn)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境, 故選a。5. 【解析】選g。 根據(jù)上文students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. these partic

38、ipants were also more open to understanding new ideas. 可知, 一個(gè)星期過(guò)去了, 手寫(xiě)筆記的學(xué)生仍然能夠記住并理解講課的概念。這些參與者對(duì)理解新思想也更開(kāi)放。由此可知, 本句在進(jìn)行總結(jié), 論述手寫(xiě)可以讓人頭腦更聰明。故g選項(xiàng)“顯然, 手寫(xiě)可以讓你變得更聰明”符合上下文語(yǔ)境, 故選g?！局R(shí)拓展】 佳詞積累demonstrate v. 演示participants n. 參加者emerge v. 出現(xiàn) transcribe v. 抄錄. 語(yǔ)法填空china sent up its first mars probe(探測(cè)器) tianwen 1

39、 on thursday. it is expected 1. _ (reach)the planet in about seven months. the mission to mars is much 2. _ (hard) compared to that to the moon. chinas mars mission, 3. _(design) for the mapping of key zones of the planets surface, indicates the countrys space science and technology 4. _(progress) r

40、apidly in the past years. it expresses the determination and perseverance(毅力) of the chinese nation in looking for 5. _(science) truth. tianwen 1 has immediately grabbed peoples attention after its launch, and 6. _ is reported that therere countless discussions on topics related to spaceflight and t

41、he exploration of outer space. peoples 7. _(curious) about the unknown and thirst for knowledge are 8. _ (obvious) aroused whenever the country makes breakthroughs in space exploration. and astronauts, scientists and engineers are becoming role models 9. _ more and more young people. the “mars fever

42、” that has been aroused shows peoples desire to know more about space, which requires more innovations(創(chuàng)新) to discover more about the universe 10. _ we live. 【文章大意】中國(guó)成功發(fā)射“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”火星探測(cè)器, 該探測(cè)器肩負(fù)什么重任?這次發(fā)射又引發(fā)了什么熱潮呢?1. 【解析】to reach。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句使用了短語(yǔ)expect sb. /sth. to do“預(yù)料某人/某物做”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu), 故填不定式。2. 【解析】harder。考查

43、比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和空后的compared to“和相比”可知, 此處要用形容詞的比較級(jí)harder。3. 【解析】designed?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, mission后是非限制性定語(yǔ), design與mission是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 且此處表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生, 故用動(dòng)詞的-ed形式。4. 【解析】has progressed?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past years可知, indicates后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是the countrys space science and technology, 應(yīng)視為單數(shù), 故填has p

44、rogressed。注意:此處的progress是動(dòng)詞, 意為“進(jìn)步, 進(jìn)展”。5. 【解析】scientific。考查形容詞。本空作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞truth, 故用science的形容詞形式scientific“科學(xué)的”。6. 【解析】it?？疾樾问街髡Z(yǔ)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知, 此處是“it is + 過(guò)去分詞+that從句”句型, 其中it是形式主語(yǔ), that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。故填it。7. 【解析】curiosity?？疾槊~。本空與后面的thirst并列作主語(yǔ), 故用名詞curiosity。8. 【解析】obviously。考查副詞。本空所填詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)該用副詞obviously“顯然

45、, 明顯地”。9. 【解析】for?？疾榻樵~。此處表示“的榜樣”, 此時(shí)models與介詞for連用, for后面引出對(duì)象。10. 【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, universe后跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 從句中l(wèi)ive是不及物動(dòng)詞, 從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 故填where。. 閱讀理解(2021濟(jì)南模擬)it was just a normal day for ruth miller, a 63-year-old woman until everything went horribly wrong. she was walking to her car after shoppi

46、ng when the unthinkable happened. right as she was unlocking her car, a man quickly came up behind her and tried to wrestle her purse away. she was in shock. luckily she remembered she had her safe personal alarm (spa) on her purse, and since she was too scared to scream for help, she quickly reache

47、d for the alarm and pulled the pin (保險(xiǎn)栓). immediately her spa started just screaming. the man didnt know what to do! he froze for a second, and then ran away like a bat out of hell!spa is a safety device capable of creating a 125 db sound that attracts attention and scares away potential attackers.

48、to compare, its the same volume as a military jet during takeoff. paul davidson, the inventor of spa, knows all too well the type of situation that ruth found herself in. but thats not the only type of situation that spa helps protect against. parents can give it to their kids as an extra means of p

49、rotection. teenagers can use it so they can feel safe walking home. women can know its there when they have to use the parking lot at night. “my mother, who is 76 years old, carries it around in case she falls and needs to ask people for help. i only wish id have thought of it earlier, ” said paul.

50、the police have been recommending spa since it first hit the market. in fact, since its launch, spa has been in a state, shifting between in stock to sold out nearly every other week, and its also got tons of loyal followers worldwide. 【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以ruth差點(diǎn)被人搶劫為例子, 介紹了spa這種安全裝置, 可以發(fā)出125分貝的聲音, 吸引注意

51、力, 嚇跑潛在的攻擊者。spa可以廣泛應(yīng)用, 而且非常受歡迎。1. what does the underlined part “the unthinkable” in paragraph 1 refer to?a. an attempted robbery. b. a wrestling match. c. an angry argument. d. a car accident. 【解析】選a。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文right as she was unlocking her car, a man quickly came up behind her and tried to wrestle

52、 her purse away. she was in shock. 可知, 就在她打開(kāi)車(chē)門(mén)的時(shí)候, 一個(gè)男人迅速地從她后面過(guò)來(lái), 試圖搶走她的錢(qián)包。她震驚了。后來(lái)ruth按響了警報(bào)器, 男人被嚇跑了。由此可知, 畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)指的是“一次搶劫未遂”。故選a。2. how did ruth react to the unexpected situation?a. she fought violently. b. she froze in great fear. c. she cried desperately for help. d. she sounded her safety device. 【

53、解析】選d。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中l(wèi)uckily she remembered she had her safe personal alarm (spa) on her purse, and since she was too scared to scream for help, she quickly reached for the alarm and pulled the pin. 可知, 幸運(yùn)的是, 她記得她的錢(qián)包上有她的安全個(gè)人警報(bào)器, 由于她太害怕了, 不敢大聲呼救, 她迅速伸手去拿警報(bào)器, 拔下了保險(xiǎn)栓。由此可知, 對(duì)這個(gè)意外的情況, ruth按響了她的安全裝置。故選d。3. w

54、hy does paul mention his mother?a. to imply the elderly need more care. b. to suggest he cares about his mother. c. to show spa can be widely used. d. to make an advertisement for spa. 【解析】選c。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段parents can give it to their kids as an extra means of protection. teenagers can use it so they

55、 can feel safe walking home. women can know its there when they have to use the parking lot at night. 可知, 父母可以把它給孩子作為額外的保護(hù)手段。青少年可以使用它, 這樣他們?cè)诨丶业穆飞蠒?huì)感到安全。女人在晚上不得不使用停車(chē)場(chǎng)的時(shí)候就知道它的存在。由此可推知, paul提到他的母親是為了說(shuō)明spa可以廣泛應(yīng)用。故選c。4. what can be learned from the text?a. spa is well received in the market. b. people hes

56、itate to pay for security. c. spa was sold out in the first two weeks. d. spa is not important in life. 【解析】選a。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中in fact, since its launch, spa has been in a state, shifting between in stock to sold out nearly every other week, and its also got tons of loyal followers worldwide. 可知, 事實(shí)上,

57、自它推出以來(lái), spa一直處于一種幾乎每隔一周就會(huì)補(bǔ)一次貨狀態(tài), 而且它在世界各地也有大量的忠實(shí)粉絲。由此推知, spa在市場(chǎng)上很受歡迎。故選a。【知識(shí)拓展】長(zhǎng)難句分析she was walking to her car after shopping when the unthinkable happened. 翻譯:購(gòu)物后她正在走向她的車(chē), 就在這時(shí)不可思議的事情發(fā)生了。分析:本句是be doing sth. when. . . 正在做某事, 就在這時(shí)。. 完形填空(2021大慶模擬)when my mother passed away a few years ago, my father was left alone in the large house they had 1 for 50 years. without her to watch out for him, he was 2 about who would find him and 3 if something happened. my sister and i live in other states, so