同位語從句講解及練習含答案A56006ED19E8B8F67C1CB9E8

1、一、理解同位語從句的含義，把握同位語從句的實質在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內容上為同一關系，對其內容作進一步說明。t

2、he news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。析：they had won the game說明the news的全部內容，因此該句為同位語從句。二、正確運用同位語從句的引導詞，準確把握同位語從句1.如同位語從句意義完整，應用that引導同位語從句。（即that 不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）the general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達了戰(zhàn)士

3、們立即過河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內容，且意義完整，因此應用that引導同位語從句。we heard the news that our team had won. 我們聽到消息說我們隊贏了。they were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。the news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實。ive come to the conclus

4、ion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結論這樣做是不明智的。fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那筆錢不見了這一事實并不意味著是被偷了。he referred to copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼關于地球繞太陽轉的說法。【注意1】 在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。 如：they were fac

5、ed with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面對廢除這個稅的要求。they expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他們表示希望她接受這筆獎金。there was a suggestion that brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項建議是布朗應該離隊。the suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。the resoluti

6、on that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允許婦女參加這個協(xié)會的決議通過了。i can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他們希望你作主要發(fā)言人的殷切心情?！咀⒁?】 引導同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。 he gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是

7、他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加是否的含義，應用whether引導同位語從句。（if不能引導同位語從句）例：well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應加是否的含義才能表達the problem的全部內容，因此應用whether引導同位語從句。there is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否會

8、來還不一定。answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的問題：你來不來。the question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個是對還是錯要看結果。we are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調查他是否可以信任的問題。3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加什么時候、什么地點、什么方式等含義，應用when, where, how等詞引導同位語從句。例1：i have no id

9、ea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應加什么時候的含義才能表達idea的全部內容，因此應用when引導同位語從句。例2：i have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應加如何的含義才能表達impression的全部內容，因此應用how引導同位語從句。i have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時候回來。it is a question how he did it. 那是一個他如何做的問題

10、。he had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么離開。you have no idea how worried i was! 你不知道我多著急!4.當主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后置。如：the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.5.關于分離同位語從句 有時同位語從句可以和同位的名詞分開。 如：the story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆。the news got about that he had won a car

11、 in the lottery. 消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽車。the rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學校。report has it that the smiths are leaving town. 有傳言說史密斯一家要離開這座城市。the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。the order soon came that all citizens should evacuate t

12、he village. 不久命令下來，所有居民都必須撤出村子。三、把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限同位語從句和定語從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明，是名詞全部內容的體現，且名詞和同位語從句的引導詞均不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關系，且名詞和定語從句的引導詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構成一個新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。如：the report that he was going

13、to resign was false.因為the report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語從句。例1：information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. a. while b. that c. when d. as析：答案為b。more middle school graduates will be admitted into u

14、niversities是information的內容，且information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應將該句區(qū)別于：例2 it is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. a. what b. that c. when d. as析：答案為b。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語，且information在從句中作主語，所以

15、該句為定語從句。例3：she heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(met91)a. it b. which c. this d. that析：答案為b。分析語境含義、句子結構和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語。應將該句區(qū)別于：i cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. a. it b. which c. this d. that析：答案為d。she is crying loudly

16、是the terrible noise的內容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。同位語從句和定語從句的三點區(qū)別同位語從句和定語從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面:1. 從詞類上區(qū)別同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內涵的名詞?而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞?代詞?主句的一部分或是整個主句?如:the possibility that the maj

17、ority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位語從句)we are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語從句)word came that he had been abroad. (同位語從句)our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊贏了,這讓我們很高興?(定語從句)the doctor whom you are looking for is in

18、 the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語從句)his mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學習?(定語從句,代詞all作先行詞?)2. 從性質上區(qū)別定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:the news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的?(同位語從句,補充說明news到底是一個什么消息?)the news

19、that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的?(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語?)i made a promise that if anyone set me free i would make him very rich. 我許諾如果誰讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有?(同位語從句,補充說明promise到底是一個什么諾言?)the mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們高興的許諾?(定語從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語

20、?)3. 從引導詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導詞如how, whether, what可以引導同位語從句,但不能引導定語從句?如:that question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮?(同位語從句)i have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事?(同位語從句)引導詞that引導定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替),并且作賓語時常常省略?that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用,不充當任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能

21、用which來代替?如:the order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了?(同位語從句,是對order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略?)the order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組?(定語從句,是

22、名詞order的修飾語,that在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略?用適當的連接詞填空：1.it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2.i have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3._the doctor really doubts is_my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.it is hoped_nature will never be destroyed.5._do you guess

23、will give a talk on english tomorrow?6.- i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week.- is that _ you had a few days off?7. word came_i was wanted at the office.8.do you know _of them will be our new headmaster?9.the teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10. its generally considered unwise to give a

24、child _he or she wants.單項選擇1it was true _ alice did surprised her mother.a. that b. what c. that, what d. what, that2. does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.a. it, if b. that, if c. it, whether d. this, whether3.-what are you anxious about? - _a. how can we succeed b. whether we can succeed

25、 c. when can we succeed d. that we can succeed4.the reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working.a. why, why b. why, that c. that, because d. for, because5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.a. who b. whoever c. anyone d. the person6.i r

26、eally dont know _i had this photo taken.a. where it was that b. it was that c. where it was d. it was why7. dr. black comes from either oxford or cambridge. i cant remember _.a. where b. there c. which d. that8.-what do you think of china?-_different life is today from _it used to be.a. how, what b.

27、 what, what c. how, that d. what, that9.give this to _you think can do the work well.a. who b. whom c. whoever d. whomever10._troubles me is _i cant learn all these english idioms by heart.a. that, that b. what, what c. that, what d. what, that11.the fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.a.t

28、hat b.what c.why d.which答案 a. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever b. 15 cabbb 610 acacd 11.a1. the fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. a. that b. what c. why d. which2. the fact _ he was successful proves his ability. a. hat b. wha

29、t c. which d. why3. the news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. a. what b. that c. why d. when4. his suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.a. which b. that c./ d. it5. i have no idea _ he will start. a. when b. that c. what d./6. ive come from the government with a message _ the

30、meeting wont be held tomorrow.a. if b. that c. whether d. which7. the thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.a. when b. which c. what d. that8. the order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.a. which b. whether c. that d. what9. the nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients

31、 fear _ he would die of the disease.a. that b. as c. of which d. which10. he often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.a. whether b. where c. that d. whenkeys: 1-5 aabba 6-10 bdcaa1. the fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009江西)a. what b. which c. that d. though2. news came from the school office _ wang