長(zhǎng)難句分析1-15

1、長(zhǎng)難句分析1 and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they haveto be acquired by a sort of special training.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是and it is imagined that , and that。這是典型的句型 it + is + p. p. （過(guò)去分詞）+ that clause 。it 是形式主 語(yǔ)，句子真正的主 語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)并列的

2、that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，由 連詞 and 連接。 operation 此處不能譯成 “操作 ”，根據(jù)上下文 應(yīng)譯成 “活動(dòng) ”， 這里的 processes 要譯成 “思 維過(guò)程 ”，而不能簡(jiǎn)單地理解成 “過(guò)程 ”。譯文：許多人認(rèn)為，普通人的思 維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與科學(xué)家的思 維過(guò)程相比， 認(rèn)為這些思維過(guò)程必須經(jīng)過(guò)某種專門(mén)訓(xùn)練 才能掌握。2 whether the government should increase the financing of pure scienceat the expense of technology or vice versa(反之 ) often depends

3、 on theissue of which is seen as the driving force.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 whether or often depends on。whether or引導(dǎo)了主語(yǔ)從句作句子的主 語(yǔ)，financing這里根據(jù)上下文要 譯成 “經(jīng)費(fèi) 投入 ”；介詞結(jié)構(gòu) of which is seen as the driving force 是賓語(yǔ) theissue 的后置定 語(yǔ)， of 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中又包含了 which 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句。譯 文：政府究竟是以減少 對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來(lái)增加 對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入還是相反， 這往往取決于把哪一方看作是 驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量3

4、how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 how depends on and on 。句子的主 語(yǔ)由 how 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任； 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組 depends on 后面跟了兩個(gè)由 and 連接的并列賓語(yǔ)，在第二

5、個(gè) 賓語(yǔ)中，介 詞with + which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the skill and wisdom 。譯 文：這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上 為后來(lái)的表 現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解 釋這些信息的技能和才智4 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniquesappropriate to the various branches of historic

6、al inquiry.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 there is no agreement whether or。主句是 there isno agreement, agreement 后面緊跟了由 whether 引導(dǎo)的同位 語(yǔ)從句作同位 語(yǔ)；在同位語(yǔ)從句中， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 短語(yǔ) refers to 跟了兩個(gè)由 連詞 or 連接的并列 賓語(yǔ)：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the researchtechniques appropriate to the various branches of historical

7、inquiry。在第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中，形容 詞詞組 peculiar to historical work和介詞詞組 in general作后置定 語(yǔ)修飾 the concepts ；在第二個(gè) 賓語(yǔ)中同樣有形容詞詞組 appropriate to of historical inquiry 作后置定 語(yǔ)修飾the researchtechniques。譯 文：所謂方法論是指一般的 歷史研究中的特有概念， 還是指歷史探究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人 們對(duì)此意見(jiàn)不一。5 furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country s econo

8、my isdirectly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , andthat this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists ofall kinds.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 furthermore,it is obvious that, and that 。這 是典型的句型 it + is + obvious + that clause。 it是形式主 語(yǔ)，真正的主 語(yǔ)是由連詞and 連接的兩個(gè)并列的主 語(yǔ)從句： a.

9、that the strength isbound with ; b.and that this rests upon the efforts。第一個(gè)主 語(yǔ)從句中的 詞組 bebound up with是 “與 有關(guān)聯(lián) ”之意；在第二個(gè)主 語(yǔ)從句中，代 詞this 指代前文的 the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，譯為 “效率的提高 ”。譯 文：再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的 經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí) 力與其工 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高 則又有賴于各種科技人 員的努力 .6 what could be a key to jet lag and wi

10、nter blues is the hormonemelatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 what is the hormone melatonin which is。 what引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)主 語(yǔ)從句，而 謂語(yǔ)部分中由 which 引導(dǎo)了非限制性定 語(yǔ)從句 hormone melatonin 。句中 jet-lag 是“時(shí)差綜合癥 ”，blues 不能譯成“藍(lán)色”，而是 “憂 郁”之意。譯 文：能解除 時(shí)差綜合癥和冬季 憂郁癥的關(guān) 鍵是荷爾蒙褪黑激素，人 們知道這種激素能 夠調(diào)節(jié)人體節(jié)奏。7 there are n

11、ow 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, anddemographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, apopulation bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 there are kids, and demographers predict that。這 是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句， 在第二個(gè)并列分句中， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 predict 后面跟了一個(gè) that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；在 that 賓語(yǔ)從句中，a popu

12、lation bigger than even the babyboom at its peak是35 million teens的同位語(yǔ)。譯 文：12 歲至19 歲年齡組的孩子目前有 3100 萬(wàn)，人口學(xué)家 預(yù)測(cè)，到 2010 年他們將達(dá)到 3500 萬(wàn)，比二 戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的孩子 還多.8 it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.要點(diǎn)：句子的框

13、架是 it seemed but what was that 。句子由 but 連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成： a. it seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared tobe happening was that 在第二個(gè)分句中， what 引導(dǎo)了主語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任主 語(yǔ)， that 引導(dǎo)了表語(yǔ)從句。這里injection 不能譯成“注射 ”，根據(jù)上下文要 譯成 “注入 ”。譯 文：地球內(nèi)的斷 層正在被人 們注入的液體所 潤(rùn)滑，這幾乎是難以令人相信的，但是這確實(shí)正在發(fā)生。9 it is scarcely surprising, then, that educ

14、ation systems have for severaldecades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground thateducation prepares people to live in an already outdated society.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 it is surprising that education system havebeen criticized, on the groundthat。it 是形式主 語(yǔ)，真正的主 語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，而主 語(yǔ)從句又包含了 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從

15、句 thateducation prepares people to live in an already outdated society作介詞詞組 on the ground中 ground 的同位語(yǔ)， ground 這里的意思是 “根據(jù) ”。譯 文：那么教育體制在 過(guò)去幾十年中受到 嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)，就不那么令人感到驚 訝了，批評(píng)者的部分根據(jù)是， 這種教育培養(yǎng)人 們?cè)谝环N已 過(guò)時(shí)的社會(huì)中生存。10 there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of bothindividuals and societies derives from

16、 what we retoableput into life,rather than what we try to get out of it.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 there are grounds for thinking that the healthderives from what , rather than what 。介詞結(jié)構(gòu)for thinking中包含了 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作分 詞 thinking 的賓語(yǔ)；而這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含了兩個(gè)并列的介 詞賓語(yǔ)從句： a. what we re able to put into life; b. what we try toget

17、 out of it.兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句由 rather than 連接。譯 文：至于個(gè)人和社會(huì)的健康可以以 這樣的理由來(lái)衡量，我 們對(duì)生活能夠付出多少而不是我 們能向生活取得多少。11 it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 it becomes that

18、, if , there will have to be 。 it 是形式主 語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句是句子的真正主 語(yǔ)，在 that 從句中， if 引導(dǎo)了條件狀語(yǔ)從句。譯 文：因此，如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他 們（上大學(xué)）的機(jī)會(huì)，就得 為他們提供大量關(guān)于 課程的更為詳盡的信息，做更多的指 導(dǎo)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題顯 得越來(lái)越重要了。12 experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve c

19、hildren of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 experts are debating whether we should, orencourage 。句子的主 語(yǔ)部分是 expertsare debating，而 whetheror 引導(dǎo)了賓語(yǔ)從句作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 are debating 的賓語(yǔ) 。其中 burden with 是 “使 背上 負(fù)擔(dān)”之意；在后半句 or encourage the use of calculators torelieve children of ha

20、rd work and free their minds to understand mathconcepts中，兩個(gè)并列的不定式短語(yǔ) to relieve of 和to free tounderstand作目的狀 語(yǔ) 。另外，詞組 relieve somebody of something指 “減輕 ”。譯文：我們應(yīng)該用心算來(lái)增加孩子 們的負(fù)擔(dān)，還是應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他 們使用計(jì)算器來(lái)減 輕其繁重的學(xué) 習(xí)任務(wù)，使他 們不再費(fèi)神去理解（抽象的）數(shù)學(xué)概念， 專家們對(duì)此尚未達(dá)成一致。13 the announcement by boeing that it has decided to scrap plan

21、s to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an endto one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospace engineering.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 the announcement that is has decided brings anend to。主語(yǔ)the announcement后面跟了一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的同位 語(yǔ)從句，在that 從句中，動(dòng)詞不定式短 語(yǔ)to build called the sonic cruiser作plan 的后置定語(yǔ)，而不定式短 語(yǔ)中的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) called the sonic cruiser作plane 的后置定語(yǔ)；破折號(hào)之后的 and some say是插入語(yǔ)。譯 文：波音公司宣布放棄修建一種名叫 “音速游艇 ”的新潮、高速 飛機(jī)的計(jì)劃，這一決定使近年來(lái)航空工程中最富想象力 還 有人稱純屬空想的 計(jì)劃落了空。14 a reli