英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧第11節(jié)-重復(fù)法

1、第十一節(jié) 重復(fù)法重復(fù)法實(shí)際上也是一種增詞法，只不過(guò)所增加的詞是上文剛剛出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞。翻譯和寫(xiě)作一樣，本應(yīng)力求簡(jiǎn)練，盡量省略一些可有可無(wú)的詞；但有時(shí)為了明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)或生動(dòng)，也需要將一些關(guān)鍵性的詞加以重復(fù)。一 為了明確（一） 重復(fù)名詞1. 重復(fù)英語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞1） The next item on the agenda is to revise safety and sanitary regulations.2） I had experienced oxygen and/ or engine trouble.3） They began to study and analyze the situati

2、on of the enemy.4） I had lived in China many years and saw China in civil war in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan.1) 議程的下一項(xiàng)目是修訂安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則。2) 我曾碰到過(guò)，不是氧氣設(shè)備出故障，就是引擎出故障，或兩者都出故障。3) 他們開(kāi)始研究敵情，分析敵情。4) 我曾在中國(guó)生活多年。我看到了1925年至1927年正在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的中國(guó)，后來(lái)又看到了同日本作戰(zhàn)的中國(guó)。 2. 重復(fù)英語(yǔ)中作表語(yǔ)的名詞1） He became an oil millionaire- all by h

3、imself.2） This has been our position- but not theirs.3） Carol is your friend as much as she is mine.4） In the Soviet Union there had been no radio, TV, or press mention of either Abels arrest or conviction.1) 他成為一個(gè)石油大王- 一個(gè)白手起家的石油大王。2) 這一直是我們的立場(chǎng)- 而不是他們的立場(chǎng)。3) 卡羅既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。4) 對(duì)于艾貝爾的被俘或判刑，蘇聯(lián)既沒(méi)有電臺(tái)廣播，也

4、沒(méi)有上電視節(jié)目，在報(bào)刊上也沒(méi)有發(fā)表。作業(yè)：1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.2. It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.3. A good film serves to educate and inspire the people.4. It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.5. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cance

5、l the meeting.3. 重復(fù)英語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)前所省略的名詞1) The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen ordinary patients.2) The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor black people destroyed by white colonialists.3) We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of

6、 a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.1) 醫(yī)生從我身上得到的實(shí)踐，會(huì)比從十七個(gè)普通病人身上得到的實(shí)踐還多。2) 尤吉斯的故事是一篇充滿呻吟和淚水的故事，是白人殖民主義者摧殘不幸的黑人的故事。3) 由此可見(jiàn)，現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)本身是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展過(guò)程的產(chǎn)物，是生產(chǎn)方式和交換方式的一系列變革的產(chǎn)物。作業(yè)：1. We caught a glimpse of the leading horses and of a horseman vanishi

7、ng through the rain.2. The prisoners often got into argument with each other or with the guards.3. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.4. The use of poison gas is a clear violation of international law- in particular of the Geneva Convention.5. He broke all connections with his

8、past, and with the old society in every way.4. 重復(fù)英語(yǔ)中作先行詞的名詞1) May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glowing success of constructing your country, which is now inspiring the world.2) They have staged demonstrations and sit-

9、ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in New York.3) The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.4) The President announced, with obvious relish, th

10、at his plane took off from “Shangri-la”, a fairyland in the Himalayas.5) All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess ultimate purpose.6) Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.1） 讓我，通過(guò)您，表達(dá)我對(duì)偉大的中國(guó)人民和中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的最衷心祝賀！祝賀你們建設(shè)國(guó)家的輝煌勝利，這個(gè)勝利正在鼓舞著全世界。2） 他們舉行了游行示威和靜坐，散發(fā)了請(qǐng)

11、愿書(shū)，而這些請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)必定會(huì)傳到駐紐約的外國(guó)記者手中。3） 小學(xué)徒對(duì)老板尤其怕得要死，老板經(jīng)常整他，而且整得很重，簡(jiǎn)直把他整慘了。4） 這位總統(tǒng)洋洋得意地宣稱，他的飛機(jī)是從“香格里拉”起飛的，而“香格里拉”是喜馬拉雅山中的一個(gè)仙境。5） 所有這些安排都只是這次舞會(huì)的序曲，舞會(huì)才是女主人的最終目的。6） 水可由能量來(lái)分解，所謂能量也就是電流。（二） 重復(fù)動(dòng)詞1. 英語(yǔ)句子常用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞連接幾個(gè)賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，在譯文中往往要重復(fù)這個(gè)動(dòng)詞。1） Is he a friend or an enemy?2） The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too

12、.3） For a good ten minutes, Mother cursed me and my brother.4） Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. (Edgar Snow)5） They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China, the Red Armys Long March

13、 in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolutions.1) 他是個(gè)朋友呢，還是個(gè)仇人？2) 這一擊不僅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。3) 足足有十分鐘之久，媽媽既罵我，又罵我的兄弟。4) 毛主席是一位活動(dòng)家，是原動(dòng)力，是創(chuàng)始者，是交替運(yùn)用出其不意、緊張和松弛而取得成就的戰(zhàn)略大師。5) 他們談到十九世紀(jì)外國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)的干涉，談到紅軍在三十年代中期的長(zhǎng)征， 還談到法國(guó)革命和美國(guó)革命。2. 英語(yǔ)句子中動(dòng)詞后有介詞時(shí)，第二次第三次往往只用介詞而省略動(dòng)詞，在譯文中則要重復(fù)動(dòng)詞。1） Approaching graduation, my roommat

14、es and I talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of books-of everything.2） One night, he had a nice sleep, no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great sharks, nor fight. 3） He supplied his novels not only with biographies of characters, but with

15、 their portraits.4） But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.5） They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American.1) 臨近畢業(yè)，我和室友們談到自己，談到前途，談到旅程，談到天氣，談到書(shū)籍，-談到一切。2) 一夜，

16、他睡得很香，不再夢(mèng)見(jiàn)風(fēng)暴，不再夢(mèng)見(jiàn)驚人的遭遇，也不再夢(mèng)見(jiàn)大鯊魚(yú)和搏斗。3) 他不僅在他的小說(shuō)中提供人物傳記，而且還提供人物畫(huà)像。4) 可是他老婆不斷地在他耳朵邊嘮叨個(gè)沒(méi)完，說(shuō)他懶惰，說(shuō)他粗心，并且說(shuō)一家人都要?dú)г谒砩稀?5) 他們想要確定， 他是否履行了受雇條件，是否履行了作為美國(guó)公民所應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)。作業(yè)：1. Doing math exercises requires care and, for difficult problems, great experience.2. They were starting from scratch and needed men, guns, train

17、ing.3. The minister spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and particularly of the spread of work.4. Just as grammar deals with the structure of language, English grammar deals with the structure of English, French grammar with the structure of French, etc.5. They had prepared for this

18、campaign as carefully as they had for larger ones.6. He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men. （三） 重復(fù)代詞1. 英語(yǔ)中用代詞的地方，翻譯時(shí)可按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣重復(fù)其所代替的名詞。1） Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.2） In China, they “made mistakes”, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thu

19、s planned victory.3） He accepted failure; he had conquered it all his life, and risen above it.4） His change was that of a key man in the key post-something that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other participants.1) 杰西睜開(kāi)眼睛，眼里充滿了淚水。2) 在中國(guó)，他們“犯過(guò)錯(cuò)誤”，吃過(guò)錯(cuò)誤的虧，承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，研究錯(cuò)誤，從而制定了勝利的方針。3) 他接受失敗，他一生

20、中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越失敗。4) 他的轉(zhuǎn)變是一個(gè)把守重要關(guān)口的關(guān)鍵人物的轉(zhuǎn)變，他的轉(zhuǎn)變象征著其他參與者也在逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變。2. 英語(yǔ)中用物主代詞its,his,their時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)可以用名詞，以達(dá)到明確具體的目的。1） Happy families also had their own troubles.2） Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.3） Each country has its own customs.1) 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦惱。2) 強(qiáng)國(guó)有強(qiáng)國(guó)的策略，小國(guó)

21、也有小國(guó)的路線。3) 各國(guó)有各國(guó)的風(fēng)俗。3英語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)勢(shì)關(guān)系代詞或副詞whoever,whenever,wherever等，翻譯時(shí)往往用重復(fù)法。1) Whoever violates the traffic regulations should be punished.2) Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.3) Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.4) You may borrow whichever novel i

22、n my bookcase you like best.1) 誰(shuí)違反了交通規(guī)則，誰(shuí)就應(yīng)該受到懲罰。2) 哪里有殘酷的壓迫，哪里就有革命。3) 你什么時(shí)候有空，就什么時(shí)候到我辦公室來(lái)談一談。4) 我書(shū)架上的小說(shuō)你最喜愛(ài)哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。作業(yè)：1. Ignoring a problem does not solve it.2. Smith seemed ill at ease with power, while Ball sought it.3. But there are clues, and they seem to confirm my earlier suspicion.4. Bi

23、g families had their own difficulties.5. Each person had his own business to handle.6. Whoever works hard will be respected.其它：1. To him, the birds sang, the squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed.2. He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator.1) 鳥(niǎo)兒向他歌唱，松鼠對(duì)他嘰咕，花兒也為他開(kāi)放。2) 他既精于飛行，又善于導(dǎo)航。二、

24、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，英語(yǔ)句子中往往重復(fù)關(guān)鍵詞，翻譯時(shí)也可重復(fù)。（一） 用同樣的漢語(yǔ)詞重復(fù)（二） 用漢語(yǔ)的同義詞、近義詞重復(fù)（一） 用同樣的漢語(yǔ)詞重復(fù)1） Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.2） Out of sight, out of mind.3） Blood must atone for blood.4） He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.5） Gentlemen may cry peace, peace- but there is no

25、peace.6） Obvious among the most obvious books upon the most obvious shelf were series of splendidly bound volumes entitled “Luxuns Works.”7） They had to stand out of the hospital, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in.8) He demanded total loyalty, not loyalty in the traditional sense, not ord

26、inary loyalty, but total loyalty, not just to office or party, or concept, but loyalty first and foremost to Lyndon Johnson.1) 以眼還眼，以牙還牙。2) 眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩。3) 血債要用血來(lái)還。4) 他在凄雨中蕩來(lái)蕩去，想了又想，盤(pán)算了又盤(pán)算。5) 先生們可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然沒(méi)有和平。6) 在那個(gè)最顯眼的書(shū)架上最顯眼的書(shū)籍中顯眼的幾卷就是精裝的名叫魯迅全集的一套書(shū)。7) 他們站在醫(yī)院外面，看我進(jìn)去出來(lái)，出來(lái)進(jìn)去。8) 他要求的是絕對(duì)忠誠(chéng)， 不是傳統(tǒng)意義的忠誠(chéng)，也不

27、是一般的忠誠(chéng)，而是絕對(duì)的忠誠(chéng)，不只是對(duì)職務(wù)、政黨或觀念的忠誠(chéng)，而是首先對(duì)林登約翰遜的忠誠(chéng)。作業(yè)：1. It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.2. This town is a small town, looking much like other towns of its size, but few towns enjoy so many natural advantages.3. If once morality is lost, all is lost.4. Year after year and

28、 century after century the moon goes through its cycles.(二)用漢語(yǔ)的同義詞、近義詞重復(fù)1. They often read and re-read the secret notes.2. I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right now.3. Every change of season, every change of weather, every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hue

29、s and shape of these mountains; and they are regarded by all good wives, far and near, as perfect barometers.1.他們常常一遍又一遍地反復(fù)琢磨這些密信。2.我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱們最好馬上就分手吧。3. 季節(jié)的每一更迭，氣候的每一轉(zhuǎn)變，乃至一天中的每一小時(shí)，都給這些山巒的奇幻色彩和形態(tài)帶來(lái)變化，遠(yuǎn)近的主婦們都把這些改變看作是準(zhǔn)確的晴雨表。作業(yè)：1. Easy come, easy go.2. No pains, no gains.3. During their stay in Bei

30、jing, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Beijing University and visited the Great Wall.4. Before marriage she loved giving orders to her boyfriend, but after marriage, he loved giving orders to her. 5. He ate up everything at home.6.They might very well be preparing an attack against t

31、he country, hence they are building up not only sizeable troops, but a lot of missiles, planes, and tanks along the border of the country. 三為了生動(dòng)（一）運(yùn)用兩個(gè)四字詞組，使文字生動(dòng)活潑，有節(jié)奏感1. But there had been too much publicity about my case.2. The streets were overrun by Hitlers bullies.3. They established target pri

32、orities at that meeting.1. 但我的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。2. 那時(shí)希特勒的暴徒在街上橫行霸道，無(wú)惡不作。3. 他們?cè)谀莻€(gè)會(huì)議上決定了目標(biāo)的輕重緩急，孰先孰后。作業(yè)：1. He showed himself calm in any emergency situation.2. The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.3.With my last hope frustrated,

33、I slipped into a deep depression.（二）運(yùn)用詞的重迭1. I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.2. His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.3. Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.4. With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sore perplexed.1.我的回答完全是坦坦蕩蕩，直言無(wú)隱。2. 他的孩子們，也是穿得破破爛爛，粗野不堪，就象沒(méi)有父母似的。3.歡迎他的只有幾下輕輕的、零零落落、冷冷談?wù)劦恼坡暋?.他老是磨磨蹭蹭、