北京市2017-2019年三年中考英語(yǔ)考試試題分類匯編：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題(含解析)

1、北京市 2017-2019 年三年中考英語(yǔ)考試試題分類匯編：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（含解析）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題2017八、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（共 10 分，每小題 2 分）61whats in a name？many american names come from englandbut where did most english names come from？centuries ago，most people in england had only one nametheir first namein the 11thcentury，five or six of the 50

2、people in a village might be named william，and it was easy to getconfusedbut in the middle ages，people found a way to describe each person exactlyif therewere four williams in one village，one might be referred to as william the son of johna secondmight be called william from the hilla third，william

3、the blacksmith（鐵匠）and a fourth，william the brown hairedin conversation，people might refer to the four williams as william johns son，william hill，william smith，and william brownit was 300or 400years before the extra （ 附加的） names gradually developed into last names， orsurnamesthey were passed on from

4、generation to generationby the 1300s，robert，the son of williamsmith，had the name robert smith，even if he was not a blacksmith like his fatheras the last namebecame widely accepted，the first letter was capitalized，as in robert smithby the 15th century， most people of the upper and middle classes had

5、surnamesmany surnames were based on father son relations theson ofpart was added to the fathers firstname，like johnson，meaning johns sonsometimes it was shortened to justs，as in jones or evanssurnames like hill described the place where a person lived they are the most common type ofsurnamea third k

6、ind of surname was based on a persons jobforester was someone wholooked after the forestin the middle ages，occupation names such as baker，carpenter，andmiller became commonthe fourth kind of surname was nickname（綽號(hào)）a man whose surname was bear might be as fierce as a bearhave you ever wondered why so

7、me surnames are so common？the most common surname in the1 / 7北京市 2017-2019 年三年中考英語(yǔ)考試試題分類匯編：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（含解析）english language is smithbeing able to make metals（金屬）into tools was an important skill inthe middle ages ，and many people were trained as blacksmiths the most common american surnames are smith

8、，johnson，william and brown61 where do many american names come from？62 when did people find a way to describe each person exactly？63 how long did it take for extra names to develop into last names？64 what is the fourth paragraph mainly about？65 why were many people trained blacksmith in the middle a

9、ges？八、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（共 10 分，每小題 2 分）61whats in a name？many american names come from englandbut where did most english names come from？centuries ago，most people in england had only one nametheir first namein the 11thcentury，five or six of the 50people in a village might be named william，and it was e

10、asy to getconfusedbut in the middle ages，people found a way to describe each person exactlyif therewere four williams in one village，one might be referred to as william the son of johna secondmight be called william from the hilla third，william the blacksmith（鐵匠）and a fourth，william the brown haired

11、in conversation，people might refer to the four williams as william johns son，william hill，william smith，and william brownit was 300or 400years before the extra （ 附加的） names gradually developed into last names， orsurnamesthey were passed on from generation to generationby the 1300s，robert，the son of

12、williamsmith，had the name robert smith，even if he was not a blacksmith like his fatheras the last namebecame widely accepted，the first letter was capitalized，as in robert smithby the 15th century， most people of the upper and middle classes had surnamesmany surnames were based on father son relation

13、s theson ofpart was added to the fathers firstname，like johnson，meaning johns sonsometimes it was shortened to justs，as in jones or evanssurnames like hill described the place where a person lived they are the most common type of2 / 7北京市 2017-2019 年三年中考英語(yǔ)考試試題分類匯編：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（含解析）surnamea third kind o

14、f surname was based on a persons jobforester was someone wholooked after the forestin the middle ages，occupation names such as baker，carpenter，andmiller became commonthe fourth kind of surname was nickname（綽號(hào)）a man whose surname was bear might be as fierce as a bearhave you ever wondered why some su

15、rnames are so common？the most common surname in theenglish language is smithbeing able to make metals（金屬）into tools was an important skill inthe middle ages ，and many people were trained as blacksmiths the most common american surnames are smith，johnson，william and brown61 where do many american nam

16、es come from？62 when did people find a way to describe each person exactly？63 how long did it take for extra names to develop into last names？64 what is the fourth paragraph mainly about？65 why were many people trained blacksmith in the middle ages？【考點(diǎn)】p7：閱讀表達(dá)【分析】短文主要介紹了美國(guó)人的名字以及英國(guó)人的名字尤其是姓的來(lái)源，以及名字背后的

17、 意義等【解答】答案：61england細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第二段句子 many american names come from england許多美國(guó)人的名字來(lái)自英國(guó)可知來(lái)自英國(guó)故答案為 england62in the middle ages細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第三段第二行句子 but in the middle ages，peoplefound a way to describe each person exactly但在中世紀(jì)，人們找到了一種方法來(lái)描述每個(gè) 人可知是中世紀(jì)故答案為 in the middle ages63.300 or 400 years細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第四段句子 it was 30

18、0or 400years before the extra （ 附加的） names gradually developed into last names，or surnames過(guò)了 300 或者 400 年，這些名字逐漸發(fā)展成姓，或者姓氏可知是過(guò)了 300 或者 400 年，故答案為 300 or 400 years64many surnames were based on fatherson relation細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容及其many surnames were based on father son relations theson ofpart was added to t

19、he fathersfirst name ，like johnson ，meaning johns son 許多姓氏是以父子關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)的，部分的兒子名字被添加到父親的第一個(gè)名字，像約翰遜，意思是約翰的兒子可知主要講的是許多姓氏都是基于父子關(guān)系的故答案為 many surnames were based on fatherson relation65because being able to make metals into tools was an important still in the middle ages細(xì)節(jié)3 / 7北京市 2017-2019 年三年中考英語(yǔ)考試試題分類匯編：根據(jù)

20、短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（含解析）理解題根據(jù)最后一段句子 the most common surname in the english language is smithbeingable to make metals（金屬）into tools was an important skill in the middle ages，and many peoplewere trained as blacksmiths可知因?yàn)樵谥惺兰o(jì)能夠使金屬工具是重要的故答案為 because being able to make meyals into tools was an important still in t

21、he middle ages2018四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（共 10 分，每小題 2 分）when it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter e. have you ever thought about why that is so?in the a, b, c, d and f grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passinggrades.

22、 an f in this system simply stands for“fail”.the word“fail”happens to start with the letter f, which seems to leave out the letter e. the fact”some schools have u grade for“unsatisfactory”,or i grade for “incomplete”.even with all this said, we should also point out that e grade actually has beenuse

23、d pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the us.the first college in the us to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is mount holyoke college. in 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:a: 95-100%(excellent) b: 85-94%(good) c: 76-84%(fair)d: 75%(barely

24、 passed) e: below 75%(failed)we can see the inclusion of e instead of f.gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the us. however, manyschools decided to drop the e grade and go straight to f.there is no evidence(證據(jù)) to reallysupport this,but one possible explanation is that

25、 teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake e for “excellent”.why do we have letter grades? well,part of the reason is that they made grading simplerduring a time of great change for schools. as the 20th century began,growing cities and anincrease in immigration led to larger

26、 school classrooms. most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.today,more and more people argue that letter grades dont fully reflect(反映) studentlearning。however，as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue t

27、o favor the4 / 7北京市 2017-2019 年三年中考英語(yǔ)考試試題分類匯編：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（含解析）letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. so while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably arent going away any time soon.34. what does an f stand for in the a、b、c、d and f gradi

28、ng system?35. when was the letter grading system first used in the us college?36. what is one possible explanation for dropping the e grade?37. what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?38. why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?34.【解題思路】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。

29、定位關(guān)鍵詞“f”和“standsfor,到 文章第二段第二句，故正確答案為it stands for “fail”.35.正確答案 in 1897.【解題思路】第四段二句，故正確答案為in 1897.36. 正確答案 teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake e for “excellent.【解題思路】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。定位關(guān)鍵詞“dropping the e grade” 和“one possibleexplanation”，到文章第六段第二句和第三句正確答案為 teachers were worri

30、ed that some students and parents might mistake e for “excellent.37. 【正確答案】they thought this new letter grading $ easy, fair and clear way to grade students.【解題思路】本題考查細(xì)關(guān)ceniury”到倒數(shù)第 二段，然后再通過(guò)定位teachers”到本段最后一句，故正確答案為thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade stude

31、nts.38. 【正確答案】because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand.【解題思路】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。定位關(guān)鍵詞jtody擇適iny parents”定位到最后一段第三句故正確答案為38.because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand 2019四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。(共 10 分，每小題 2 分)huge waves destroying arctic ice faster tha

32、n expected5 / 7北京市 2017-2019 年三年中考英語(yǔ)考試試題分類匯編：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（含解析）ice covers much of the arctic ocean(北冰洋). some pieces of ice are huge, like movingislands. as temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪) in the arctic waters.the w

33、aves were discovered by accident in may, 2010. scientist aleksey marchenko and his students set out on a trip. they wanted to study the icy waters.on may 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of hopen. marchenko prepared to lead his

34、students out onto the ice.“we were ready to go but when i went out, i discovered many cracks( 裂縫) around,” he remembers.he decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. the farther in they went, hethought, the harder the ice would become. as they pushed forward, however, the ship experi

35、encedsmall waves, and then bigger ones. soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.within an hour, marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. the ships navigation(航行) system finally recorded the largest waves. they were more than 20 feet in height.the waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking theice into smaller pieces within just one hour. scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. the waves in these areas