2013年職稱英語理工類完型填空小抄(親自整理濃縮完整版)

1、第一篇 captain cook arrow legend it was a great legend while it lasted, but dna testing has 1 finally ended a two-century-old story of the hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of british explorer captain james cook 2 who died in the sandwich islands in 1179. “there is 3 no cook in the australian museum,

2、” museum collection manager jude philip said not long ago in announcing the dna evidence that the arrow was not made of cooks bone. but that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its 4 exhibition , “uncovered: treasures of the australian museum,” which 5 does include a fea

3、ther cape presented to cook by hawaiian king kalaniopuu in 1778. cook was one of britains great explorers and is credited with 6 discovering the “great south land,” 7 now australia, in 1770. he was clubbed to death in the sandwich islands, now hawaii. the legend of cooks arrow began in 1824 8 when h

4、awaiian king kamehamcha on his deathbed gave the arrow to william adams, a london surgeon and relative of cooks wife, saying it was made of cooks bone after the fatal 9 fight with islanders. in the 1890s the arrow was given to the australian museum and the legend continued 10 until it came face-to-f

5、ace with science. dna testing by laboratories in australia and new zealand revealed the arrow was not made of cooks bone but was more 11 likely made of animal bone, said philp. however, cooks fans 12 refuse to give up hope that one cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still

6、be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of cooks body was 13 buried at sea in 1779. “on this occasion technology has won,” said cliff thornton, president of the captain cook society，in a 14 statement from britain. “but i am 15 sure that one of these days one of the cook legends will prov

7、e to be true and it will happen one day.” 第二篇 avalanche and its safety an avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. avalanches are 1 among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property. all avalanches are caused by an over-bu

8、rden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 2 that supports it. determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 3 likely an avalanche, 4 is a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors. terrain slopes flatter than 25 degree

9、s or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 5 risk of avalanche. snow does not 6 gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not 7 fiow easily on fiat slopes. human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snows angle of restis 8 between 35 and 45 degrees; the critic

10、al angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. the rule of thumb is: a slope that is 9 flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. additionally, avalanche risk increases with 10 use

11、; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur. due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. good avalanche safety is a continuous 11 process , including route selection and examination to the s

12、nowpack, weather 12 conditions , and human factors. several well-known good habits can also 13 reduce the risk. if local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 14 attention to. never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluati

13、ons; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 15 missing or damaged. avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.第三篇 giant structuresit is an impossible task to select the most amazi

14、ng wonders of the modem world since every year more l wonderful constructions appearhere are three giant structures which are worthy of our 2 admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wondersthe petronas twin towersthe petronas towers were the tallest buildings in the worl

15、d when they were completed in1999. with a 3 height of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of kuala lumpurat the 41 floor, the towels are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. the american4 architectcesar pelli designed the skyscrapers construct

16、ed of highstrength concrete, the building provides around l, 800 square metres of office space 5 on every floor. and it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. other6 features of this impressive building include doubledecker lifts, and glass and steelthe millau bridgethe millau bridge

17、was opened in 2004 in the tam valley, in southern france7 at the time it was built, it was the worlds highest bridge, 8 reaching 0ver 340m at the highest point. the bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. it was built to 9 relieve millaus congestion problems.

18、 the congestion was then caused by traffic passing from paris to barcelona in spainthe bridge was built to withstand the 10 most extreme seismic and climatic conditions. besides, it is guaranteed for l20 years!the italpu damthe itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of

19、its kind in the world it consists of a series of darns across the river parana, ll which forms a natural border between brazil6 and paraguay7. started in l975 and takin9 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two12 countriesthe dam is well-known for bot

20、h its electricity output and its size. in l995 it produced 78of paraguays and 25of brazils l3energy needs in its construction, thel4 amount 0f iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 eiffel towers8 it is a l5 truly amazing wonder of engineering第四篇 animals “sixth sense” a tsunami was triggered

21、 by an earthquake in the indian ocean in december, 2004. it killed tens of thousands of people in asia and east africa. wild animals, 1 however , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. this phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a “sixth sense” for 2 disasters , experts said. sri l

22、ankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the indian ocean islands coast clearly 3 missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found. “no elephants arc dead, not 4 even a dead rabbit. i think animals can 5 sense disaster. they have a sixth sense. they know

23、when things are happening,” h. d. ratnayake, deputy director of sri lankas wildlife department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. the 6 waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at yala national park in the ravaged southeast, sri lankas biggest wildlife 7 reserve and home to hundred

24、s of wild elephants and several leopards. “there has been a lot of 8 apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. but it has not been proven,” said matthew van lierop, an animal behavior 9 specialist at johannesburg zoo. “there have been no10 spec

25、ific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting,” he told reuters. other authorities concurred with this 11 assessment. “wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain 12 phenomenon , especially birds there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,” said clive walk

26、er, who has written several books on african wildlife. animals 13 certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger slid as predators. the notion of an animal “sixth sense” or 14 some other mythical power is an enduring one which the evidence on sri lankas ravaged coast is

27、likely to add to. the romans saw owls 15 as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special power or attributes.第五篇 singing alarms could save the blind if you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and

28、that could be fatal. a company in leeds could change all that 1 with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit. sound alert, a company 2 run by the university of leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for 3 blind people in sommerset and a resource centre for the blin

29、d in cumbria. 4 the alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the 5 sound is coming from. deborah withington of sound alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be 6 heard by humans. “it is a burst of white noise 7 that people say sounds

30、 like static on the radio,” she says. “its life-saving potential is great.” she conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large 8 smoke-filled room. it 9 took them nearly four minutes to find the door 10 without a sound alarm, bu

31、t only 15 seconds with one. withington studies how the brain 11 processes sounds at the university. she says that the 12 source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. alarms 13 based on the same concept have already been installed on emergency v

32、ehicles. the alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up 14 or down stairs. they were 15 developed with the aid of a large grant from british nuclear fuels. 第六篇 car thieves could be stopped remotely speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he

33、has got a great catch. but he is in a nasty surprise. the car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1 off , he will not be able to start it again. for now, such devices2 are only available for flee

34、ts of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. but remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3 should be available to ordinary cars in the uk 4 in two months. the idea goes like this. a control box fitted to the car incorporates 5 a min

35、iature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a gps satellite positioning receiver. 6 if the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine 7 being restarted. there are even plans for immobilizers 8 that shut down

36、 vehicles on the moves, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. in the uk, an array of technical fixes is already making 9 life harder for car thieves. “the pattern of vehicles crime has changed.” says martyn randall of thatcham, a security research organization based i

37、n berkshire that is funded in part 10 by the motor insurance industry. he says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. but only if the car is more than 10 years old. modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine manage

38、ment computer will not 12 allow them to start unless they receive a unique id code beamed out by the ignition key. in the uk, technologies like this 13 have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. but determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal

39、cars. often by getting hold of the owners keys in a burglary. in 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the uk were taken by using the owners keys, which doubles the previous years figure. remote-controlled immobilization system would 14 put a major new obstacle in the criminals way by making such

40、thefts pointless. a group that includes thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the15 customer expects. 第七篇 an intelligent car driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordinat

41、ion between hands and the brain. many human drivers have all 1 these and can control a fast-moving car. but how does an intelligent car control itself? there is a virtual driver in the smart car. this virtual driver has “eyes,” “brains,” “hands” and “feet,” too. the minicameras 2 on each side of the

42、 car are his “eyes,” which observe the road conditions ahead of it. they watch the 3 traffic to the cars left and right. there is also a highly 4 automatic driving system in the car. it is the built-in computer, which is the virtual drivers “brain.” his “brain” calculates the speeds of 5 other movin

43、g cars near it and analyzes their positions. basing on this information, it chooses the right 6 path for the intelligent car, and gives 7 instructions to the “hands” and “feet” to act accordingly. in this way, the virtual driver controls his car. what is the virtual drivers best advantage? he reacts

44、 8 quickly . the minicameras are 9 sending images continuously to the “brain.” it 10 completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. however, the worlds best driver 11 at least needs one second to react. 12 besides , when he takes action, he needs one more second. the virtual driver

45、is really wonderful. he can reduce the accident 13 rate considerably on expressways. in this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? experts 14 warn that we cannot do that just yet. his ability to recognize things is still 15 limited . he can now only drive an intelligent c

46、ar on expressways.第八篇 why india need its dying vultures the vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp1 decline in three species of indias vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration ,and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental 2 problem. the dram

47、atic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the 3 birds . it is also causing serious public health problems 4 across the indian sub-continent. while their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many indians, vultures have5 long playe

48、d a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over india clean. it is 6 because they feed on dead cows. in india,cows are sacred animals and are (7 traditionally )left in the open wben they die in their thousands upon thousands every year. the disappearance of the vultures has (8 led to)

49、 an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. there are fears that rabies may (9 increase)as a result. and arts terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region ,since wild dogs are its main camers. rabies could also spread to other animal speci

50、es ,causing an even greater problem in the (10 future) the need for action is (11 urgent),so an emergency project has been launched to(12 find) a solution to this serious vulture problem. scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds deaths and , if possible , develop a cure. large

51、-scale vulture (13 deaths) were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in india. a population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined (14 by ) over 90 per cent. all three species are now listed as critically endangered, as most vultures lay only single eggs and(15 t

52、ake) about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise. 第九篇 wonder websspider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. and the worlds best web spinner may be the golden orb weaver spider. the female orb weaver spins a web of f

53、ibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet 1 tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking. the secret of the webs strength? a type of super-resilient 2 silk called dragline. when the female spider is ready to 3 weave the webs spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy th

54、read out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along 4 it to spin the webs trademark spiral. unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a golden orb weaver 5 reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years.

55、 the silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than kevlar, a high-strength human-made 6 material used in bullet-proof vests. and thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called

56、 tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original 7 length and snap back as well as new. no human-made fiber even comes 8 close . it is no 9 wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. in the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings

57、 that never run. think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. a steady 10 supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars but how to produce it？ harvesting silk on spider farms does not 11 work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighhors. now, scienti

58、sts at the biotechnology company nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after golden orb dragline. the 12 frist step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. the nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their 13 milk .

59、 “the young goats pass on the silk-making gene without 14 any help from us,” says nexia president jeffry turner. nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers 15 as fast as the real thing snags bugs.第十篇chicken soup for the soul：comfort food