高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題——專題2代詞

1、1.(2017全國(guó)卷，67)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _ every day.答案：itit在這里指代句子的主語(yǔ)the railway。2.(2017浙江高考，59)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _ (I)，” says Pa

2、hlsson.答案：myself由空格處所在句子的主語(yǔ)I可知應(yīng)用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)。3.(2016全國(guó)卷，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.答案：its根據(jù)空格后的名詞及前文中的a lively threemonthold twin可知要用物主代詞作定語(yǔ)。4.(2016浙江高考，3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in th

3、e UK.答案：that句意：在許多方面，美國(guó)的教育制度與英國(guó)的不是非常的不同。that特指前文中出現(xiàn)的同類異物事物(the education system)。5.(2015浙江高考，12)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？答案：it句意：如果你正在看最喜愛的電視節(jié)目，這時(shí)有人進(jìn)來沒有征求你的意見就把電視關(guān)了，你會(huì)怎么想？固定表達(dá)how would yo

4、u like it if .，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替后面if從句的內(nèi)容。6.(2015重慶高考，2)The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.答案：nobody句意：會(huì)議將在九月召開，但是沒人知道具體日期。句中的關(guān)鍵詞為but，表轉(zhuǎn)折，故nobody “沒有人”符合句意。7.(2015陜西高考，13)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _.答案：other句

5、意：為了讓自己暖和起來，這個(gè)水手坐在火堆旁，光著腳，用一只腳搓另一只腳。表示“兩者中另一個(gè)”，用the other .。8.(2015四川高考，10)Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.答案：none句意：Niki總是有很多想法，但是沒有一個(gè)想法對(duì)我的知識(shí)有用。表示三者或三者以上的否定用none，可指人也可指物。9.(2015福建高考，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any use

6、ful suggestions.答案：neither句意：這個(gè)研究組基于調(diào)查制作了兩個(gè)報(bào)告，但是兩個(gè)都未含有有用的建議。根據(jù)句意，表示“兩者都不”，用neither。10.(2017全國(guó)卷，短文改錯(cuò))This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days._答案：yourmy根據(jù)前半句This picture often brings back to me可知應(yīng)將your改為my。一、代詞的分類代詞分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和關(guān)系代

7、詞等。二、重要代詞的用法1人稱代詞的指代問題(1)不定代詞anybody, everybody, nobody, anyone, someone, everyone, no one及whoever和person在正式場(chǎng)合使用時(shí)，可用he, him代替。如Nobody knows it, does he?(2)人稱代詞并列的排列順序。單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q第三人稱第一人稱。 You, he and I are fond of music. 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q第二人稱第三人稱。 We, you and they are all good citizens

8、.2物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞稱為物主代詞，可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞在名詞前作定語(yǔ)；名詞性物主代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。Mr Wang is my English teacher. (定語(yǔ)) Whose mobile phone is this? Its mine. (表語(yǔ))Ive finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (賓語(yǔ))3.反身代詞反身代詞在句中可作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。(1)有些動(dòng)詞如dress, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, intr

9、oduce, behave等常用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作回到執(zhí)行者本身。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fruit.I could not dress (myself) up at that time.Please allow me to introduce myself first.(2)如果不是表示強(qiáng)調(diào)， but, except, for等介詞后的賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。No one but myself/me is hurt.4指示代詞常用的有this, that,

10、these, those, such, so, the same等。具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性，在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。(1)指示代詞this和that的區(qū)別 this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. Thats why he didnt come.注意：在口語(yǔ)中，this和that可用作副詞來修飾形容詞，以表示程度。I didnt realize it was going to

11、be this far. (as far as this) If your friend is that clever, why isnt he rich? (2)such用法such一般在句中作定語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)；在作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞a(n)應(yīng)放在such之后；而such在與不定代詞no, some, any, several, many, little, few, all等連用時(shí)，放在它們的后面。Such a great number of people died because the earthquake happened while they were sleeping.B

12、elieve it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(3)so的用法動(dòng)詞think, say, hear, do, hope, believe, expect, fear, be afraid等后，常用so替代上文提到的內(nèi)容或情況。The new English teacher is very strict.Yes, I think so.Will it be fine tomorrow? I hope so.注意：so還可以用于以下句型中作替代詞：so助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/連系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)so主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/連系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)

13、詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/連系動(dòng)詞soShe bought a computer.So did I.He will go to Hangzhou for a holiday tomorrow.So he will.The teacher asked us to read the text and we did so.(4)the same . as “與一樣的”(不是同一個(gè))；the same . that (指同一個(gè))This is the same watch as I lost. (相似的，但不是同一塊手表)This is the same watch that I lost.(是丟失的那塊手表)5

14、常用不定代詞用法辨析(1)some, any, one和it (2)another, other, the other, others, the others的用法 (3)all, both, either, each, neither和every的用法 (4)none, no one, nothing與no的用法none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用來回答how many/much引導(dǎo)的疑問句；no one只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用來回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句；nothing “什么也沒有”，否定一切，常用來回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。How many students are

15、there in the classroom now? None.Who is in the classroom? No one./Nobody.none后面可加of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)，而something/anything/everything/nothing; someone/anyone/everyone/no one卻不能。nonot any，在句子中作定語(yǔ)，修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。none在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。There is no water on the moon. (定語(yǔ)) None of them knows the story. (主語(yǔ))I know none of them. (

16、賓語(yǔ))(5)few, a few, little與a little的用法6it的用法(1)it作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)：it作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， 真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)可以是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句，把真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)移到句后。It is a good habit to do morning exercises.It is a pity that you didnt see such a good film.(2)it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who其他。It is Professor Wang that/who teaches us English ev

17、ery Monday afternoon.(3)it引起的幾個(gè)易混時(shí)間句型。Itbe時(shí)間段sinceclause，“自從以來已多久了”。在“It is/has been . since .”句型中，注意：since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞，則主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)自該終止性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作開始時(shí)算起；若since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則主句動(dòng)作或所表示的狀態(tài)自該延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)開始。It is three years since she left Beijing. It is three years since she lived in Beijing.Itbe時(shí)間段beforeclause，主句

18、中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為“過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才”；主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為“沒過多久就”。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過去時(shí)was或?qū)頃r(shí)will be；用was時(shí)，before從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；用will be時(shí)，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。It was not long before she learned those poems by heart. It was long before the police arrived.It will be hours before he makes a decision.Itbe時(shí)間when從句，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般是一致的

19、，主句是will be, when從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。It was already 8 oclock when we got home. It was the next morning when we finished our work. It will be midnight when they get there.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Music should be taught routinely in schools because of the benefits _ can have on the development of the brains of young children

20、.答案：it句意：音樂應(yīng)該成為學(xué)校的常規(guī)的教學(xué)科目，因?yàn)橐魳穼?duì)青少年智力的開發(fā)大有裨益。it 指代句中的名詞music。benefits后是一個(gè)省略關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句。2We sang songs and played games with the old people and had tea together. Some of _ were in poor health and were very unhappy.答案：them句意：他們中的一些人身體狀況不好，也不幸福。them指代the old people，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。3The difference betwe

21、en a man who succeeds and _ who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities.答案：one這里要用one代指前面的a man，以避免重復(fù)。4It is said that police had been called to the scene following a report of a collision involving her vehicle and _ of another motorist.答案：that句意：據(jù)說，警察追蹤著一則報(bào)道到了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，當(dāng)時(shí)她的車和另一輛車發(fā)生了碰撞。此處用t

22、hat代替前文的同類不同物的vehicle。5But I think he works too hard. I hope hell go out and enjoy _ for a change.答案：himself句意：但是我認(rèn)為他工作太辛苦了。我希望他能夠出去，盡情地玩樂，調(diào)節(jié)一下。根據(jù)works too hard和后面的for a change 可知，此處要用enjoy oneself “過得快活，玩得開心”。6Tom: Ill go with you.Mary：OK. _ can go there by bus.答案：We根據(jù)Ill go with you.可知，這里表示“我們可以乘坐

23、公共汽車去”。7Parents often find _ difficult to win their childrens trust and they always forget how they themselves felt when young.答案：itfind it 形容詞 to do sth.為固定句式，it作形式賓語(yǔ)。8When Kerry and Sam met again two years later, each was pleased to see _.答案：the other根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境，克里和薩姆兩個(gè)人相互見面，要用the other。9I know you wan

24、t to borrow money but I dont have _ at hand myself.答案：anyI dont have any即I dont have any money, any在本句中為代詞，意為“一點(diǎn)，一些，少許”，與句意相符。10Excuse me, do you want David or Brown to do it?_ is up to the job, Im afraid.答案：Neither句意：打擾一下，你想讓戴維還是布朗做這項(xiàng)工作呢？恐怕他們倆都不能勝任。neither表示“兩者都不”，符合語(yǔ)境。.單句改錯(cuò)1The two girls are getti

25、ng on very well and share some with each other. _答案：somemuch由getting on very well (相處得很融洽)可知兩人有很多共同點(diǎn)，故much符合語(yǔ)境。2 Is there anything else I can do for you, Jeff?No. Thanks. I really appreciate when you lent all your notes to me before the exam._答案：appreciate后加itit在句中作形式賓語(yǔ)。如I hate it when it is hot. “我

26、討厭天氣太熱。”3Silly me! I forgot the color of my luggage. What about one over there?_答案：onethatone可指人或物，只替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)用ones。that只指物，不指人，可替代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，具有“特指”性質(zhì)。指的是同類事物中的另一樣?xùn)|西，即同類異物。這里that是代替上文的luggage，并且特指。4In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in other, knives and forks._答案：otherothersothers

27、泛指其他國(guó)家，沒有范圍限制。5Good families are much to all their members, but something to none._答案：somethingeverything句意：優(yōu)秀的家庭對(duì)它們的成員們來說意味著許多，但并不是一切。everything to none “并不是全部/一切”。.語(yǔ)法填空Whether you have _1_ (interview) or meetings, your conversations are important. It cant be polite to ask _2_ (repeat) “what” when

28、you dont know what someone said just now. You dont want that person to think his _3_ (pronounce) is unclear. There are many ways to ask politely someone to repeat something. Apologize for not _4_(hear) what the person said. You can begin _5_“excuse me” or “pardon” or “sorry”. Then you could kindly s

29、ay that you did not hear or understand _6_ was said. For instance, you could say，“Im sorry,_7_ I didnt quite hear you.” You could also say，“Can you repeat that？”It can be _8_ (disappoint) when you dont hear someone clearly. But it is very important to stay clam and pleasant. And be sure to put the b

30、lame on _9_(you). That makes people feel far _10_ (comfortable) even when you cant understand them well.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹當(dāng)你沒有聽清楚別人所說的話時(shí)，如何禮貌地請(qǐng)別人重復(fù)剛才說過的話。1interviews考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。interview是可數(shù)名詞，且由后面的“or meetings”可知，用所給詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。2repeatedly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞，repeat的副詞是repeatedly。3pr

31、onunciation考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞pronounce的名詞是pronunciation。4hearing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。for是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞形式。 5with考查固定搭配。begin with “以開始，從開始”，是固定搭配。6what考查名詞性從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，用what作主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。7but考查連詞。Im sorry, but . 是一種句式，表示客氣地提出異議或拒絕。8disappointing考查現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)主要表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征，本句中主語(yǔ)為it，指代某一件事，即句中when連

32、接的句子表示的情形。 9yourself考查代詞。一定要把責(zé)任歸于你自己，用反身代詞yourself。10more comfortable考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。far用于比較級(jí)前起修飾作用，因comfortable是多音節(jié)形容詞，其前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)。.短文改錯(cuò)Dear Peter，Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home in tomorrow evening. Unfortunate, I cannot join you and your family. It is why I will be fully occupied

33、then with an important exam come the day after tomorrow. I felt terribly sorry for missing the chance of such happy gettogether. And I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possibly for you and me to have a private meeting at your convenient? If so, please dont hesitate to drop me a line about my favorite date. I do long for a pleasant chat about you. Please allow me to