虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件71340[實(shí)用課資]

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 Outlook 俱樂(lè)部 1上課教育 4 陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣 陳述事實(shí)或提出看法陳述事實(shí)或提出看法,有肯定有肯定,否定否定,疑問(wèn)或感嘆等疑問(wèn)或感嘆等 形式形式 4 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet. 4 祈祈使語(yǔ)氣使語(yǔ)氣 4 請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求,邀請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng), 命令命令,警告或勸告等警告或勸告等 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings. 一一. . 語(yǔ)氣的分類(lèi)語(yǔ)氣的分類(lèi) 2上課教育 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是

2、一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用 來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而 是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等( (在在條件條件從句中從句中 或或讓步讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中狀語(yǔ)從句中) )；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿 望、要求、命令、建議等望、要求、命令、建議等 ( (在賓語(yǔ)從句、在賓語(yǔ)從句、 主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句) )。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念 3上課教育 一、非真實(shí)條件句（一、非真實(shí)條件句（if等）中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣等）中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1.時(shí)態(tài)一致時(shí)態(tài)一致 2. 混合條件句混合條件句 3. 含蓄

3、條件句含蓄條件句 4. 倒裝句倒裝句 5. If only 感嘆感嘆 二、名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：二、名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣： 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句 三、幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句式三、幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句式 wish、as if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that從從 句句 4上課教育 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一、在條件從句中一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實(shí)相表示與事實(shí)相 反的條件。分三種情況反的條件。分三種情況

4、(以以 do 為例為例)： 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中 表示與事實(shí)情況表示與事實(shí)情況 相反相反 條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式 表示現(xiàn)在情況表示現(xiàn)在情況過(guò)去式過(guò)去式(did) (be常用常用 were) Would / could / might / should (用于第用于第1人稱(chēng)人稱(chēng)) +動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 原形原形(do) 表示過(guò)去情況表示過(guò)去情況過(guò)去完成式過(guò)去完成式 (had +done) Would / could / might / should +have done 表示將來(lái)情況表示將來(lái)情況過(guò)去式過(guò)去式 (did)/(were) sh

5、ould + do were to do Would / could / might / should + do 5上課教育 1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened. （與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反） （與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反

6、） 6上課教育 5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life. (與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反) 7上課教育 2、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬句、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬句 通常情況下通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從

7、句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所 指時(shí)間是一致的指時(shí)間是一致的, 但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)這時(shí)要根據(jù) 上下文的意思采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式上下文的意思采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式. 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (從句指現(xiàn)從句指現(xiàn) 在在, 主句指過(guò)去主句指過(guò)去)。 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (從句指過(guò)去從句指過(guò)去,主句指現(xiàn)在主句指現(xiàn)在)。 3. If we hadnt been working

8、 hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly. （從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。（從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。 4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。（從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。 5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorr

9、ow. （從句指現(xiàn)在，主（從句指現(xiàn)在，主 句指將來(lái)）句指將來(lái)） 3、含蓄條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái),二是暗 含在上下文中,比如通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。這些介 詞常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是聽(tīng)了你的建議，我就不會(huì)做的如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 沒(méi)有開(kāi)放的政策，就不會(huì)有如此大的變化。 I wa

10、s so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我當(dāng)時(shí)很忙，否則，我就會(huì)把答案告訴他的。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 4、省略、省略 if 的條件從句的條件從句 當(dāng)從句中有當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或或 should 時(shí)，時(shí)，可省略可省略if ， 而把它們放在句首。而把它們放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experimen

11、t this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中 Had you come a few. 10上課教育 5 . If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! 要是我們

12、的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了！要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了！ If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadnt missed the train! 11上課教育 a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth? were would take burst would

13、 happen PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. 12上課教育 c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position at this time, I _ (ask) for teachers help . were not could be were would ask 13上課教育 If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday. had d

14、riven would not have had 14上課教育 a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train. had been would have passed had got would have caught PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks 15上課教育 c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the

15、concert together. had met would have gone 16上課教育 3. 名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1.賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist 兩個(gè)命令：兩個(gè)命令：order, command 三個(gè)建議：三個(gè)建議：advise, suggest, propose 五個(gè)要求：五個(gè)要求：demand , require, request, desire ask 這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 用

16、法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用使用should + should + 動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原 形，或者將形，或者將shouldshould省略。省略。 17上課教育 我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。 他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。 國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present. The king ordered that the prisoners

17、be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 18上課教育 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：在賓語(yǔ)從句中在賓語(yǔ)從句中 注意注意:insist / suggest 各有兩意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣各有兩意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣 表表“堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)決要求”,虛擬虛擬, should + do; 表表“堅(jiān)稱(chēng)堅(jiān)稱(chēng),堅(jiān)持說(shuō)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”,陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣,表事實(shí)。表事實(shí)。 表表“建議建議”，虛擬，虛擬, should + do; 表表“表明、暗示表明、暗示” ，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The teacher s

18、uggested that we _ more after class. （我們課后多練習(xí)）（我們課后多練習(xí)） The look on her face suggested that she _happy He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒）（我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒） He insisted that he _ the wallet(沒(méi)有偷沒(méi)有偷 錢(qián)包錢(qián)包). insist suggest (should) practise was should be didnt steal 19上課

19、教育 以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句 包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句也 要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。 即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, proposal, demand, request, desiredesire 20上課教育 Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week

20、. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. 21上課教育 二：虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型： 1.wish 的賓語(yǔ) 從句 現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去： 將來(lái)： 過(guò)去時(shí)（were） 過(guò)去完成時(shí) would/could/might+V. should 1.I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在）（現(xiàn)在） 2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過(guò)去）（過(guò)去） 3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來(lái)）（將來(lái)）as i

21、f, as though 引起的從句，其用法同 wish 構(gòu)成的賓語(yǔ)從句一樣 As if/though和wish用法相同 22上課教育 He looks as if he were drunk. They talked as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 23上課教育 2. wo

22、uld rather (that) 現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去：過(guò)去： 將來(lái)：將來(lái)： I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. 過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 24上課教育 3.Its (about/high) time +(that) should +V. 過(guò)去時(shí) 你該走了。 我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。 Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its

23、 high time that you should go. Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed. (Should不可省略不可省略) 25上課教育 4. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即 （should）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange t

24、hat she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard. 26上課教育 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1.1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed C. would miss D. missed

25、 2.It was the drug2.It was the drug，not the diseasenot the disease，that killed that killed the boy.the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.drug. A.not take B. hadnt takenA.not take B. hadnt taken C. didnt takeD. shouldnt have takenC. didnt

26、takeD. shouldnt have taken Exercises 27上課教育 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.)3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the hous

27、e.4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university.5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneA. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone 28上課教育 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 6

28、. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would

29、have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 29上課教育 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .

30、 A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 30上課教育 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 12.(2003上海春季高考題上海春季高考題)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A.followedB.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 13.(2002上海高考題上海高考題)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，

31、at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it. A.hadnt spoken B.shouldnt speak C.wouldnt speak D.not speak 31上課教育 三種基本形式 If I had a bike, I

32、would lend it to you.(if從句用過(guò) 去時(shí), 主句用should/ would/ could/ might+不定式) If he had been here, he would have helped you.(從句過(guò)去完成時(shí), 主句should /would/ could/ might +不定式完成時(shí)) If I should/were to do the experiment, I would do it some other way. (從句用should/ were to, 主句 用should/would /could /might+不定式) 32上課教育 if的

33、省略 1. Were you in my position, you would do the same. 2. Had he come earlier ,he would have seen her. 3. Should they attack us, we would wipe them out completely. 33上課教育 If only If only you would listen to reason. If only I were ten years younger. IF only he didnt drive so fast. If only he had asked

34、 someones advice. If I could only go to the concert. If I could only/but/just explain. 34上課教育 I wish I wish I knew the answer. I wish I had known the address. I wish I were young. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. I wished I knew his address.(發(fā)生在過(guò)去=I was sorry I didnt know his address.)

35、I wished I were young.(=I was sorry I was not young.) 35上課教育 Would rather I would rather you told her the truth. Id rather you came tomorrow. Id rather (that) he painted it blue. I would (just)as soon that John had not spoken rudely to me. 36上課教育 It is (high) time that. It is time we_(leave). It is

36、time we _(go)to bed. Its high time that you were in bed. Its about time we left. 37上課教育 Its important that. It is important that we _ (speak) politely. It is imperative that we_ (practice) criticism and self-criticism strange, advisable, anxious, crucial, appropriate compulsory, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, impe