2021英語專業(yè)八級改錯真題(2021-2021)完整含答案版本

1、英語專業(yè)八級改錯真題(2021-2021)完整含答案版本專八改錯2012真題The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) _ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favoured certain k ind of free translation:

2、 the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _ the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _ century, when the study of cultural anthropol

3、ogy suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _ literal as possible. This view culminated the st

4、atement of the (9) _ extreme literalists Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now

5、, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _2011真題2010年真題So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfectas instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well 1equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say. 2Th

6、ere may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or 3cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people areequally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice orthe engraving of Benares brass. Whereas this is not the fault of their la

7、nguage. 4The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal further precision and 5 subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise andsubtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect

8、 in English, 6a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviouslythat the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English 7 language will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, 8 presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually use

9、d madesuch distinction as important. 9 Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could beas precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if thesetopics formed the part of the Eskimos life. For obvious historical reasons, 10 Englishmen in the nineteenth centu

10、ry could not talk about motorcars with theminute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of theirculture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. Howmany of us could distinguis

11、h between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham,a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton,and a clarence ?2009年真題The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_ between

12、 school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)_has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from t

13、wenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)_ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than

14、 five years. If therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting overand over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder i

15、s that it remains live (9)_after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)_original wording.2008年真題The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one, and in result language has played a prominent (1)_part in national moves. Men have often felt

16、the need to cultivate (2)_a given language to show that they are distinctive from another (3)_race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States (4)_split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a (5)_ different

17、 language from those of Britain. There was even one (6)_ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, thought, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English (7)_and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as ever

18、yone (8)_ know, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before. (9)_ Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world (10)_ That political independence and national identity can be completeWithout sacrificing the enormous mu

19、tual advantages of a commonlanguage.2007年真題From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest (1)_ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and (2)_ emerging

20、 state. It is often said, of course, that the language (3)_ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the (4)_ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with alarge proportion of such cries than we find in

21、 English. Ti is true that the (5)_ absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in (6)_ other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that such noises are (7)_ similar on the lips

22、of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languagesare utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental (8)_ difference between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largelyreflex actions, instinctive to large extent, whereas language (9)_ p

23、roper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt (10)_ and that are wholly conventional.2006年真題We use language primarily as means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in whichwe live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conven-

24、 (1)_ tions as to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a (2)_ particular message; the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabu- (3)_ lary and a set of grammatical rules which inables him to communi- (4)_ cate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other (5)_Engl

25、ish speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which heuses actively and that which he recognizes, increases in size as hegrows old, as a result of education and experience. (6)_But, whether the language store is relatively small or large,the system remains no more than a psychological reali

26、ty for the indi-vidual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to beseen by another member of his linguistic community; he has to give (7)_the system a concrete transmission form. We take it for granted the (8)_two most common forms of transmissionby means of sounds pro-duced by our vo

27、cal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And (9)_these are among most striking of human achievements. (10)_2005年真題A number of colleges and universities have announced steep tu-ition increases for next yearmuch steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are

28、needed be-cause of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing (1)_in common stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the pricethat maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in in- (2)_come; and increasingly tihe outlook of universities in the UnitedStates is indisti

29、nguishable from those of business firms. The rise in (3)_tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the de- (4)_mand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is fore- (5)_going income from a job (this primarily a factor in graduateandprofessionalschool tuition): the p

30、oor ones job prospects, the more (6)_sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to (7)_students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, givingstudents a governance ro

31、le, and eliminate required courses, Sky- (8)_high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students ascustomers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the (9)_rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost tothem of the athletes whom they recruit in order to

32、stimulate alumnidonations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education inorder to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And untilthey were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy Leagueschools colluded to limit competition for the best students, byagreeing not to award sc

33、holarships on the basis of merit rather thanpurely of needjust like business firms agreeing not to give dis-counts on their best customer. (10)_參考答案2012年1. going 后加on2. certain 改成some3. rather 后加than4. is 改為was5. in 改為at6. 去掉the7. view 后加that8. 刪掉was9. statement 改為statements10.and 改為but2011年1. grew

34、后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless2010年1 be后插入as;2 their改為its;3 There改為It;4 Whereas改為But5 further 改為much6 come改為bring;7 similar改為different;8 will改為would;9 as important去掉as;10 the part去掉the2009年1. 答案：the further- a further2. 答案：when-until3. 答案：their-