畢博管理咨詢工具方法—EMS12chapter.docCNEN

1、精品文檔，值得擁有環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)environmental management system第一節(jié)導(dǎo)論chapter 1- introduction本手冊旨在由淺入深地幫助企業(yè)執(zhí)行環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng) （emss），并遵循國際金融組織有關(guān)環(huán)境方面的政策。 其主要目的是幫助企業(yè)通過對環(huán)境的評估， 來確定節(jié)約成本的措施。它也被作為確保企業(yè)在獲利同時對環(huán)境也有積極影響的一種方法。this manual is a step-by-step guide designed to help enterprises implement environmentmanagement systems (emss) and

2、comply with ifc s environmental policies. the manual s primary goal is to help businesses use environmental reviews to identify cost-saving measures.it is also intended to be a resource for companies to ensure positive environmental impacts while benefiting their own organization.環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的定義defining a

3、n ems環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)是對環(huán)境問題的一種綜合管理方法， 它把以環(huán)境為導(dǎo)向的思想融合到了商業(yè)管理的各個方面。同企業(yè)所關(guān)注其他問題比如成本、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、投資、公共關(guān)系、生產(chǎn)率和戰(zhàn)略性計劃相比， 環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)確保了環(huán)境問題的優(yōu)先考慮。an environment management system, or ems, is a comprehensive approach to managing environmental issues, integrating environment-oriented thinking into every aspect of business management.

4、 an ems ensures environmental considerations are a priority, along with other concerns such as costs, product quality, investments, pr productivity and strategic planning.一般來說，環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)能使企業(yè)獲益。 它能提高效率， 著眼于顧客需求和市場條件，并改善企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境方面的表現(xiàn)。 通過使用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)把環(huán)境問題轉(zhuǎn)化為商業(yè)機會，企業(yè)通常會變得更有競爭力。an ems generally makes a positive i

5、mpact on a company s bottom line. it increases efficiencyand focuses on customer needs and marketplace conditions, improving both the company sfinancial and environmental performance.by using an ems to convert environmentalproblems into commercial opportunities, companies usually become more competi

6、tive.1 / 10精品文檔，值得擁有環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)帶來的商業(yè)上的好處business benefits of an ems環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)是企業(yè)為取得市場成功戰(zhàn)略中的一個重要組成部分。 目前，環(huán)境問題以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展比以往任何時候更贏得世界的關(guān)注。 而工業(yè)通常被視為引起環(huán)境問題的主要原因。an ems is an important component of a company s strategy for marketplace success.environmental issues and sustainable development are capturingthe wor ld s a

7、ttention morethan ever, and industry is often seen as a major source of environmental problems.環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)關(guān)注這些問題并引導(dǎo)環(huán)境方面的重要改進。 而且，環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)還能提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，增強其競爭力，改進生產(chǎn)流程；減少費用，債務(wù)，保險費和廢物管理成本；提高市場的響應(yīng)度。 環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)還能從就業(yè)和投資的角度創(chuàng)造一個更有吸引力的企業(yè)。an ems addresses such concerns and leads to significant environmental improvements. in a

8、ddition, an ems can improve product quality, competitiveness, and production processes; reduce expenses, liabilities, insurance premiums and waste management costs; and enhance market responsiveness. an ems also creates a more attractive company from an employment and investment perspective.環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)能給

9、企業(yè)的幾個重要領(lǐng)域帶來很多好處，它們包括：an ems can favorably benefit key areas for a business, including:貿(mào)易客戶和消費者 。他們正變得越來越具有環(huán)境意識， 并選擇對環(huán)境無害的產(chǎn)品。大多數(shù)客戶開始要求供應(yīng)商采用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)。 通過明確承諾要進行環(huán)保管理能增強客戶的信任感。 全球化拓展了市場， 而環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)則幫助企業(yè)達到國際性標準的要求。 來自客戶的壓力成為了要求產(chǎn)品符合詳細環(huán)境標準的一股日益重要的力量。trade customers and consumersare becoming more environmentally

10、conscious,and are selecting products that do not harm the environment. major customers have started requiring suppliers to adopt an ems. customer trust is enhanced bycommitment to demonstrable environmental management. globalization has expanded markets and an ems helps meet international consumerde

11、mand. consumer pressure has been shown to be an increasingly influential force demanding particular environmental standards for products.雇員。他們的技能、 精神風貌和管理的有效性會因環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)而得到提高。環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)還能減少雇員的流動率和提高其效率， 并能創(chuàng)建一個更為安全健康的工作場所。 另外，通過鼓勵雇員們更多地參與到確認問題所在的活動中，環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)能幫助他們更清楚生產(chǎn)流程。2 / 10精品文檔，值得擁有employees, whose skills,

12、 morale and management effectiveness are enhanced by an ems. an ems also improves employee retention and efficiency, and can create a safer and healthier workplace. in addition, an ems can help build employee awareness about the production process by encouraging employee involvement in identifying p

13、roblem areas.投資者。他們的標準會要求企業(yè)建立有力的環(huán)保政策， 這樣有助于資本的獲得。環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)也能改善企業(yè)和投資銀行家， 放款人和股票、 債券經(jīng)紀人之間的關(guān)系。investors, whose criteria may demand strong environmental practices, thus facilitating access to capital. an ems can also improve relationships with investment bankers, lenders, and stocks and bonds brokers.貿(mào)易。采用

14、了環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的公司將會在貿(mào)易， 特別是出口和確立國內(nèi)市場優(yōu)勢方面獲益， 參照這個系統(tǒng)， 很多的國家和經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易區(qū)都已經(jīng)引進了“生態(tài)標簽”計劃。trade, particularly the export as well as internal market advantage can benefit by a company adopting an ems whereby many countries and economic trading blockshave introduced ecolabelling schemes.地方社區(qū) 。環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)可以幫助企業(yè)維持良好的社區(qū)關(guān)系并提高其公眾

15、形象，并通過與其它機構(gòu)分享解決環(huán)境問題的方法來帶動共同發(fā)展。 擁有環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的機構(gòu)能更好地理解它所在的社區(qū)。 避免讓社區(qū)遭受危害性很強的廢物和化學材料的污染， 才能建立環(huán)境更健康的社區(qū)， 而這正是環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)所要求的。 公司的關(guān)系網(wǎng)和聲譽同樣也能通過環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)得到加強。而與地方和國家的非政府組織的關(guān)系也能得到改善。local community.an ems helps maintain good community relations and enhancepublic image, as well as fostering development through the sharing

16、 of environmental solutions. organizations with an ems are better able to understand the communities in which they operate. healthier communities result from reduced exposure to hazardous wastes and chemical materials, which may be called for by an ems. a company s networks and reputation are also s

17、trengthened by an ems. improved relations with local and national ngos will also result.政府。環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的實施可以幫助公司得到一些許可和授權(quán)。 采用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)還可以幫助改善企業(yè)和政府的關(guān)系。 它有助于企業(yè)表明遵守環(huán)境立法的立場，并減少政府司法和行政管理的成本。 環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)還能幫助企業(yè)減少法律責任和被起訴的風險。government. implementation of an ems may help companies obtain permits and authorizations. indust

18、ry-government relations may be improved among companieswith an ems. an ems also helps demonstrate compliance with environmental legislation. legal and administrative costs are reduced by an ems. an ems can also reduce legal liability and risk of prosecution.銷售與營銷 。公司能通過更好的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計和更清潔的生產(chǎn)來最小化運作中3 / 10精品文

19、檔，值得擁有產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境影響， 這有助于增加他們的市場份額。 環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)能作為有效的營銷和促銷的工具，并能提高公司的競爭力。沒有健全的環(huán)保政策，公司就難以利用新的商務(wù)機會， 而采用了環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的公司則將會在全球市場中更具競爭力。sales and marketing.companies may increase their market share by minimizing theenvironmental impact of their operations through better product designs and cleanerproduction. an ems can

20、serve as a valuable marketing and promotion tool, and canimprove a company s competitive advantage. companies without soundenvironmental practices may not be able to take advantage ofnew commercialopportunities, while companies with an emsare more competitive in the global marketplace.生產(chǎn)力。通過減少原材料的使用

21、和節(jié)約能源， 環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)能降低企業(yè)的運作成本。因為更高的效率意味著更少的使用材料， 時間和能源， 環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)還能降低交易成本和提高利潤。 施行環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)，還能增加效率，改善環(huán)境和提高業(yè)績，以及有助于更好地遵守強制性的標準。productivity.an ems can reduce operation costs by using less raw materials andconserving energy. it can also reduce the costs of doing business and increase profits, since greater effici

22、ency means using less materials, time and energy. efficiency, environmental and business performance, and compliance with mandatory standards can also be improved by implementing an ems.保險。通過使用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)， 公司能以更低的成本投保， 并降低責任事故的發(fā)生。而當公司缺乏健全的環(huán)保措施時， 就可能面臨財務(wù)或者環(huán)境上的風險。insurance. by using an ems, a company may b

23、e able to obtain insurance at lower cost. companies that implement an ems can reduce incidents that result in liability, while companies lacking sound environmental practices may be exposed to financial and environmental risk.廢料處理 。通過環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)， 公司能更好地防治污染。 環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)能使廢料的產(chǎn)生最小化， 這樣既能降低運作成本， 又能節(jié)省廢料運輸， 儲存和處理的

24、費用。使用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)還能減少因遵守廢料處理規(guī)定而帶來的費用，并能從回收和銷售可再度使用廢料中得到額外的收入。waste disposal.by implementing an ems, companies can improve pollutionprevention. an ems can minimize waste, thus lowering operating costs, as well as eliminating waste transportation, storage and disposal costs. costs for compliance with waste

25、disposal regulations may also be reduced with an ems. additional revenues from recovery and sale of reusable wastes may be obtained by using an ems.環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的實施implementing an ems4 / 10精品文檔，值得擁有創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的過程如下所述。 第一步是要在公司的管理層和雇員中樹立意識，幫助他們重新思考環(huán)境， 以便更好地理解環(huán)境對公司的重要性以及影響，而這與公司的規(guī)模以及它的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)無關(guān)的。 第二步對于公司來講就是要更

26、主動積極地應(yīng)對環(huán)境問題。 最后，一個組織一旦建立了新的環(huán)保文化， 它將為提高自身的運作而不斷地尋找新的合適的解決環(huán)境問題的方法。the process of creating and developing an ems is described.the first step is buildingawareness among both management and employees, helping them re-orient their thinking about the environment to better understand its relevance and impac

27、t on the company,regardless of company size, its products or services. the second step is for companies to become more proactive toward environmental issues. finally, once an organization develops a new environmental culture, it will constantly look for new suitable solutions to improve its operatio

28、ns.免責聲明disclaimer本手冊是一本建議書， 意在幫助企業(yè)評估他們對環(huán)境所起的影響， 如何把握環(huán)境保護的機遇以及充分認識到使用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)帶來的好處。 雖然遵守環(huán)境和職業(yè)安全以及衛(wèi)生法規(guī)是每個企業(yè)的職責， 但不是本書的重點。 這一手冊是從一些材料改編而來的，這些材料對如何使用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)和有關(guān)環(huán)境法規(guī)與指導(dǎo)方針作了詳盡的描述， 其中包括了 iso 14001 標準。這一文件是由國際金融公司的esru準備的，我們歡迎收到關(guān)于它內(nèi)容和實用性的反饋。本文所作判斷不代表 ifc 董事會以及它所代表政府的觀點。this manual is an advisory intended to hel

29、p enterprises evaluate the impact they are having on the environment, how to identify environmental protection opportunities and improve awareness of the benefits of implementing an ems. compliance with environmental and occupational safety and health legislation is the responsibility of each indivi

30、dual business, and is not the focus of this manual. this manual is adapted from a number of sources providing detailed accounts of how to implement an ems and of environmental regulations and guidelines, including the environmental management system standard iso 14001. this document has been prepare

31、d by the esru of ifc and we welcome feedback on its contentand applicability. judgements expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of ifc s board of directors or the governments they represent.5 / 10精品文檔，值得擁有第二節(jié)成功案例chapter 2 success stories成功案例：企業(yè)從環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)中獲利success stories: businesses pro

32、fiting from an ems很多公司都在使用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)之后獲利。這有一些成功案例的簡要描述， 它們講述了使用環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)的過程和好處。 對一些案例的深入研究將在第九節(jié)里提到。為了保密，一些公司被稱為“ a 公司”并以類推。many companies have profited from implementing an ems. here are descriptions of some brief success stories which provide insights into the process and benefits of implementing an ems.

33、more in-depth case studies are explored in chapter 9. to preserve confidentiality, somefirms are referred to as“ company a” or similar.一個辦公家具的生產(chǎn)商在清洗和安裝過程中不再使用甲基氯仿， 并通過轉(zhuǎn)用以粉末為基礎(chǔ)的油漆方法來降低了 voc的排放量。這一防治污染的措施每年為公司節(jié)約了 110 多萬美元，不到一年投資的 100 萬美元就收到了回報。其他的 “獎賞” 包括能輕松達到日益嚴格的環(huán)境法規(guī)的要求和省去了銷毀危險固體和液體廢料的費用。a manufactu

34、rer of office furniture eliminated the use of methyl chloroform from its cleaning and fastening processes and reduced the volume of voc emissions by converting to a powder-based coating system. these pollution prevention alternatives saved the company more than $1.1 million per year, with a return o

35、n its $1 million investment in less than one year. other bonuses included ease of compliance with increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the elimination of incineration fees for solid and liquid hazardous wastes.leff-marvins 清潔公司是提供干洗服務(wù)的。該公司用新的水冷卻閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)替代了舊的設(shè)備來重復(fù)使用四氯乙烯。 這一新系統(tǒng)還使用可重復(fù)使用的尼龍過

36、濾器， 這樣衣服不必被在機器間轉(zhuǎn)送， 提高了生產(chǎn)效率。 這一新設(shè)備消除了大量的 voc排放 （省去了申請許可的需要） ，并把四氯乙烯的購買量從每個月的 200 加侖降低到了 40 加侖。此外，對人體有害的污染殘存也從每年由于使用 四氯乙烯 產(chǎn)生的 1900 多加侖降低到了每個月僅有 35加侖。因為使用了這個新的系統(tǒng)，公司每個月凈節(jié)約1400 美元。leff-marvins cleaners, inc. provides dry cleaning services. the company replaced its old equipment with new cold water chille

37、d closed loop systems to recycle perc (perchloroethylene). the new system also uses reusable nylon filters and increases efficiency, since garments do not have to be transferred between machines. the newequipment eliminated most voc emissions (eliminating the need for permits)andalso reduced purchas

38、e of perc from 200 gallons per month to 40 gallons per month.6 / 10精品文檔，值得擁有in addition, the hazardous waste stream was reduced from over 1,900 gallons of spentperc per year to just 35 gallons of still residues per month. the company realized a net savings of $1,400 per month with the new system.a 公

39、司并不覺得它會產(chǎn)生大量的廢料， 但當公司評估了它的生產(chǎn)活動并引進更有效率處理厚紙板的方法后，發(fā)現(xiàn)廢料清除帳單上的費用下降了55%。 a公司同樣節(jié)約了工作時間，提高了員工的環(huán)保意識，也降低了他們的廢料產(chǎn)生減少了 577 噸（在第一年內(nèi)）。company a did not think it generated a significant amount of waste, but when the company reviewed its activities and introduced more efficient ways of handling cardboard, waste elimi

40、nation bills were cut by 55 percent. company a also saved staff time, increased staff awareness, and reduced their waste_ by 577 tons (in thefirst year).mounstevens 有限公司的常務(wù)董事，一個生產(chǎn)和銷售面包的面包師，加強了員工的意識并引入了廢料細分系統(tǒng)。 預(yù)計的收益包括把處置廢料的費用減半，可減少費用 8800 美元和 26 噸廢料?！拔覀冊疽u出更多的面包圈，才能達到那樣的利潤率。 ”這位常務(wù)董事說。the managing di

41、rector of mounstevens ltd., a manufacturing and retail baker, increased staff awareness and introduced careful separation of waste. the expectedbenefits include cutting waste bills in half and saving $8,800 and 26 tons of waste. “ we would have to sell a lot of extra doughnuts to make that sort of i

42、mpact on ourprofitability,” said the managing director。b 公司制定了一個能提供廣泛便利的城市垃圾回收計劃，其包括回收金屬，紙板，紙，木料，塑料和玻璃。有超過 50%的由這個公司制造的城市垃圾現(xiàn)在可以被回收了。 這一計劃大大地降低了處置廢物的成本， 并從銷售可回收廢物中得到了大量的收入， 并以此支付這個計劃的運作經(jīng)費， 包括工資和津貼，設(shè)備的安裝，維護和使用費用以及發(fā)展這個計劃的費用。company b instituted a facility-wide municipal waste recycling program includin

43、gmetal, cardboard, paper, wood, plastic and glass.more than 50 percent of themunicipal waste generated by the company is now recycled. the program greatly reduced disposal costs and generated enough revenue from marketing therecyclables to fund the program s operating expenses, including wages and b

44、enefits,equipment operation and maintenance, utility costs and program improvements.詹姆斯油漆公司通過開發(fā)以水為基礎(chǔ)的產(chǎn)品來取代以溶劑為基礎(chǔ)的油漆，對甲苯的使用降低了 95%，對混合二甲苯的使用降低了 74%。jamestown paint company reduced its use of toluol by 95 percent and xylol by 74 percent by developing water-based products to replace solvent-based coati

45、ngs.一個動力方向盤轉(zhuǎn)動裝置、 機械計時器、 變速箱的生產(chǎn)商， 在他的鑄造廠安裝了環(huán)保的沙的回收系統(tǒng)。這一系統(tǒng)把已收回的沙子直接投入生產(chǎn)中，回收的硅土沙約占到 95%。以前，這個公司每年要購買 400 萬磅沙子?，F(xiàn)7 / 10精品文檔，值得擁有在每年只需 8 萬磅。這個新系統(tǒng)大大地降低了所需沙子的購買量， 也大大降低了廢沙的生成以及由此產(chǎn)生的處理費用。a manufacturer of power steering gears, engine timing devices and power transmission boxes installed a green sand recyclin

46、g system in its foundry. the system puts recovered sand directly back into the processing lines, recovering about 95 percent of silica sand. previously, the company purchased four million pounds of sand per year. today, it purchases only 80,000 pounds per year. the new system significantly reduced t

47、he sand purchase and greatly reduced the generation of waste sand and resulting disposal costs.一個采用植物鞣制皮革的生產(chǎn)者改為購買低錳、 銻和鈹含量的染料。結(jié)果，這個公司能夠使用和銷售廢水處理產(chǎn)生的軟泥， 把它作為一種有用和有價值的土壤補充物，節(jié)約了 6 萬多美元。a producer of vegetable tanned leather changed its dye supplies to low content manganese, antimony and beryllium dyes. as a result, the company was able to utilize and market the resulting wastewater t