賓語從句之語序時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

1、賓語從句teaching aims :讓學(xué)生通過學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句，能正確做題，并能在交際及寫作中正確運(yùn) 用。main and difficult point s:時(shí)態(tài)中的細(xì)化角度，以及含賓語從句的反意疑問句。analysis :賓語從句在初中語法中是重點(diǎn)，中考選擇題必有一道。teaching procedure:1定義的角度：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語成分的句子叫賓語從句。eg i know you.（ 主 +謂 +賓）i know you are a student.（主+謂+賓語從句）2從解題的角度：語序的角度：從句總是要用陳述句的語序（主謂不倒裝）what are they talking abou

2、t ? i want to know.i want to know what they are talking about.how can i get to the train station ? can you tell me?can you tell me how i can get to the train station?從時(shí)態(tài)的角度：a .如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)情況使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。i know you are a teacher.（ 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）i know you were a teacher three years ago. （一般過去時(shí)）i know you will

3、be a teacher next year.（ 一般將來時(shí)）（主現(xiàn)從任）b.如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句就要根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語而用相應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。i heard you had a bad cold.（一般過去時(shí)）he asked me what i was doing last night （過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）he told me that he had finished his homework last night.（過去完成）i knew you would be a teacher next year.（過去斗各來）（主過從過）c.如果從句是客觀真理時(shí)，它永遠(yuǎn)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。the tea

4、cher tells/told that the earth moves around the sun. （主任從現(xiàn)）注意：時(shí)態(tài)：十二字方針：主過從過，主現(xiàn)從任，主任從現(xiàn)從連接詞的角度：a當(dāng)陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，用 that連接，而且that可省略you are a student.（改為賓語從句）i know （that） you are a student注意：that不可省略的情況1 .賓語從句中的主語是that時(shí)eg : she told me that that was a useful book.2 .有多個(gè)賓語從句，第一個(gè)可以省略，其他不可以eg: she said（that）

5、the film was interesting and that she enjoyed seeing it.3 .在主從復(fù)合句中（that引導(dǎo)的賓從中又含有從句時(shí)that 一般不省略）eg : im afraid that if you lose the book you 1l pay for it.i think that if you study hard you will pass the test.4 .主語和賓語之間有插入語時(shí)eg: he told me ,believe it or not ,that he would buy a car.5 .當(dāng)it作形式賓語代替that引導(dǎo)

6、的賓語從句時(shí)eg: they make it clear to the public that they do an important job.b當(dāng)一般疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，用 if或whether連接.are you a student? i wonder.i wonder if /whether you are a student.does he like learning english? do you know?do you know if/whether he likes learning english?注意:下列情況一般用whether不用if后接or not時(shí)只用 wheth

7、ereg:i don t know whether she will come or not.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)eg: i am interested in whether you like english.i am worried about whether i hurt his feelings.were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time后接to的不定式eg: i m uncertain whether to go or not若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用 whether.如：please let me know i

8、f you like the book可理解為： please let me knowwhether you like the book 請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。if you like the bookplease let me know 你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：whether this is true or not , i cant say .這是否真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：whether she will come or not is still a question .她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。the qu

9、estion is whether we can catch the bus . 問題是我們能否趕上公共汽補(bǔ)充；只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1.if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為如果the students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2.if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)he asked if i didn t come to school yesterday.3.引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if （即使）和as if （好象）時(shí)eg :he talks as if he has known all about it.c當(dāng)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，用疑

10、問詞作連接詞(即保留疑問詞不變)；常見疑問詞包括疑問代詞( what ,who ,which, whom, whose )和疑問副詞(when , where ,how, why )where are you going? i dont know.i don t know where you are going.連接代詞：who ,whom, whose ,which ,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。do you know who has won red alert game?the book will show you what the best ceos should kn

11、ow.have you determined which you should buy ,a motorola or nokia cell phone?連接副詞有：when, where ,why ,how ,在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。he didnt tell me when we should meet again.could you please tell me how you use the new panel?none of us knows where these new parts can be bought.注意：語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序附加1祈使句變?yōu)榉侵^語：dont play footb

12、all in the street,“teacher said.( 變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)句子)teacher told us not to play football in the street.祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)句子往往用固定句型：tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth.附加2含賓語從句的反意疑問句a一般情況下，反意疑問句部分的主謂跟主句保持一致。he thinks that you are a good man, doesn t he?b .當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱“ i”時(shí)，反意疑問部分的主謂應(yīng)跟從句保持一致i think that you are a good man, arent

13、you?c .當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 think believe suppose expect等表示“認(rèn)為，想法”的動(dòng)詞時(shí), 常有否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即用否定主句來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)從句的否定，所以，要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)的反意 疑問句。i don t think that you are a good student, are you ?i don t believe that man is killed by jim ,is he?we suppose you have finished the project, havent you?i expect our english teacher will be back t

14、his weekend, wont she/he?另外，如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞（不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy, unfair, dislike等相當(dāng)于肯定，后面反疑問句用否定，如 tom is unhappy today ,isn t he?）,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.we find that he never/hardly listens to the teacher carefully, does he?附加3:賓語從句中的陷阱題（容易出錯(cuò)的題）i.could you tell me?a when you will send the fridge t

15、o our houseb when will you send the fridge to our housec when you would send the fridge to our housed when would you send the fridge to our house正確答案為ao很多同學(xué)看到could ,就認(rèn)為主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以選了 co實(shí)際上 could you tell me （你能告訴我嗎）表示的是一種委婉的語氣，而不是過去時(shí)態(tài)！2. he asked me?a what was the wrongb what the wrong wasc what the w

16、rong isd what is the wrong正確答案是a。很多同學(xué)誤選 b。實(shí)際上這個(gè)句子的原形是something is wrong.對(duì)主語的提問變?yōu)?what is wrong? 也就是說，對(duì)主語提問時(shí)并不存在主謂倒裝，所以語序無需調(diào)動(dòng)。3. i don t know?a what should i dob how should i doc what to dod how to do正確答案是c。很多同學(xué)誤選 do實(shí)際上do是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面要接賓語，所以用 what 作其賓語。 how 只能作狀語練習(xí)題：1. could you tell me the bike without

17、 any help this morning?a how does he mendb how he mendsc how he mendedd how did he mend2. i want to knowa what is his nameb what s his namec that his name isd what his name is3. jim doesn t understanda. which is the way to the museumb. why his wife always goes shoppingc. what is the way to the museumd. why does she always go shopping4 .mr smith asked us why to school last week.a. didn t ann gob. ann didn t goc. ann not to god. ann doesn t go5 could you tell us how long ?about three hours.a does the sports me