[英語學習]浙江大學寧波理工英語外語平臺閱讀答案

1、浙江大學寧波理工學院英語平臺答案 閱讀部分1.the status of women in colonial north america has been well studied and described and can be brieflysummarized. throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. this favorable rati

2、o enhanced womens status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers.the puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early british colonies in north america, regardedidleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member

3、 of the community perform an economic function.thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. puritan town councils expected idows and unattached women to be self supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. there was

4、no social sanction against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their k

5、eep.the vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. the entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was in the hands of women. in addition to these occupations, women were found in many different k

6、inds of employment. they were butchers, silversmiths, gunsmiths and upholsterers. they ran mills, plantations, tanyards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. they were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers. in

7、 roman times britain had as many people as at its peak in the middle ages. for four centuries it was an integral part of a single political system that stretched from turkey to portugal and from the red sea to the tyne and beyond. its involvement with rome started before the conquest launched by cla

8、udius in ad 43, and it continued to be a part of the roman world for some time after the final break with roman rule. we are dealing with a full half-millennium of the history of britain.the origins of later britain go back beyond the roman period. aspects of the society the romans found in britain

9、were beginning to emerge in the neolithic and early bronze ages. at the time of the roman conquest, the culture of britain had something like fifteen hundred to two thousand years of development behind italthough the prehistorians are greatly divided on the details. by the end of the pre-roman iron

10、age, society hadevolved forms of organization closely similar to those encountered by the romans elsewhere in north-western europe, and had adopted versions of the culture and language we loosely call celtic. outside the imperialfrontiers in britain these continued largely unchanged; inside, the cel

11、tic substratum persisted, assimilated and adapted by rome in ways not in general closely paralleled by modern colonial empires. there is one part of womens magazines that every man reads. it is the section popularly known as the agony columns, where women, and increasingly men, write for advice on t

12、heir emtional problems. the person who answers these letters usually has a very reassuring name which suggests a gentle middle-aged lady with lots of wisdom and experience. at one time, it used to be widely believed that the letters were in fact all made up by someone on the editorial staff, and tha

13、t the aunt mary who provided the answers was a fat man with beard, who drank like a fish, smoked like a chimney, and was unfaithful to his wife into the bargain. although this may be true in some cases, the majority of advice columns are genuine, and the advisory staff are highly qualified people wi

14、th a deep understanding of human problems. at one time, only the answers were published, not the letters themselves. much of the fun in reading themlay in trying to work out what on earth the problem was that led to such peculiar answers. nowadays everything is much more explicit, and questions of t

15、he most intimate kind are fully dealt with. as the agony columns have become more progessional and more frank, a lot of fun has gone out of them. this is undoubtedly a good thing, because there is something very bad about our tendency to laugh at the misfortunes of our fellow men. in the late 1970s,

16、 air travel became affordable for the average family in the uk, and more people started traveling abroad for their summer holidays. after all, the british weather was not very good even in summer. so a lot of people left the country for a vacation. in the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the uk beca

17、me wealthier on average. as a result, they started to go abroad in groups to places such as athensspan and greece. once they arrived their destination, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party. british holiday habits have begun to change, however. climate change means that t

18、he uk now has a hotter climate. so people do not need to go overseas to find good weather, although going abroad is more expensive. as a result, more british are choosing to spend their summer holiday in the uk. 1。 in the old days, children were 1 familiar with birth and death as part of life. this

19、is perhaps the first generation of american youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never 2 experienced the death of a family 3 member. nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. when they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where ch

20、ildren are 4 forbidden to visit terminally ill patients-even when those patients are their parents. this deprives the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience. so

21、me of my colleagues and i once 5 interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. we were most 6 impressed by the fact that even those p

22、atients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome. it is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients 7 communications in order to truly 8 understand their needs, fears, and fantasies. most of our patients welcomed anoth

23、er human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their troubles. many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be 9 informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. we found out that patients who had been dealt with o

24、penly and 10 frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death. 2。health experts say that spending too much time in the sun can lead to skin cancer. it is a 1. serious problem all over the world. more people have skin cancer th

25、an all other cancers combined. some kinds of skin cancers are deadly. it can 2 spread to the lungs, brain, liver and bones if left untreated. it can be cured if it is found before it grows and spreads. other skin cancers are not deadly. a skin cancer that is not too serious 3 generally does not spre

26、ad through the body. treatment for skin cancer 4 includes the removal of the cancerous cells. this is done by using liquid nitrogen, electricity, radiation or an operation. one kind of operation is called mohs (pronounced “moze”) micrographic surgery. it is used mostly for treating two of the most c

27、ommon forms of skin cancers. they are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. experts say mohs surgery should be used when it is important not to 5 destroy any more healthy tissue than is necessary. experts say mohs 6 surgery has the highest cure rate of any skin cancer treatment, between

28、ninety-five and ninety-nine percent. a doctor doing mohs surgery cuts out the cancer that can be seen, and some surrounding tissue. the doctor then creates a map of the wound area that will be used to 7 locate any more cancer cells that may be present but cannot be seen. the removed tissue is immedi

29、ately examined under a microscope. if cancer is found, more skin is removed, then studied under the microscope again. this is 8 repeated as many times as necessary until no more cancer is found. doctors say removing only diseased tissue in this way 9 saves healthy surrounding tissue it also results

30、in the least damage to the skin after the wound has healed. only specially trained doctors can perform mohs surgery. the method was 10 developed by american doctor frederick mohs in 1930s. it has been improved since that time. today, doctors perform mohs surgery in many areas of the world. 3. iceber

31、gs are among natures most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. a vague air of mystery envelops them. they come into being-somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees. they exist only a short

32、time and then slowly waste away just as unnoticed. objects of sheerest beauty they have been called. appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly of in darker hues. they are graceful, stately, inspiring-in calm,

33、sunlight seas. but they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog, and in storms. even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond th

34、e visible top. also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. they embody snows th

35、at drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. the snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. as each years snow accumulation lay on the sur

36、face, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. when new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. so blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of t

37、he upper layers compressed the lower ones. with time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice. is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? war is an ancient institution whi

38、ch has existed for at least six thousand years. it was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. modern ingenuity has changed this. either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. for the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious d

39、anger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. if we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. it will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. to do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international q

40、uestions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. it is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.there are those who say

41、 that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. i believe this to be a big error. all ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support o

42、f them.the movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. it has become a commonplace that unclear war must be avoided. of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it

43、was some years ago. it has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. it has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not b

44、etween different countries, but between man and the atom bomb. a coeducational (男女合校的) school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature (縮影). boys and girls are given the 1 to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. they are put in

45、a position where they can compare them selves with each other in terms of 2 ability, athletic achievement and many of the extracurricular activities which are part of school life. what a practical 3 it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will

46、be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! what nonsense coeducation makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa. when 4 , boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. in a coeducational school, everything falls into its 5 place. 6 , boys dont grow up be

47、lieving that women are 7 creatures. girls dont grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. years of living together at school remove illusions of this kind. the awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and 8 problems involved in growing up. these can better be 9

48、in a coeducational environment. when the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to 10 society as well-adjusted adults. they have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.- 1. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunit

49、y activity overcome academic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答案:opportunity 正確答案:opportunity題目詳解:根據(jù)句中to get to know each other的修飾關(guān)系判斷，本句表示的含義是機會, 時機opportunity 2. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunity activity overcome academic enter mysterious event

50、ually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答案:academic 正確答案:academic題目詳解:根據(jù)上文中coeducational school的內(nèi)涵意義判斷，本句表示 “學校提供的首先是學術(shù)或理論 academic方面的知識”。 3. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunity activity overcome academic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答

51、案:advantage 正確答案:advantage題目詳解:根據(jù)句中to be able to put on a school play的提示，本句表示的含義是優(yōu)勢, 有利條件advantage 4. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunity activity overcome academic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答案:segregated 正確答案:segregated題目詳解:根據(jù)句中a race apart的

52、提示，本句表示的含義是隔離 segregated。 5. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunity activity overcome academic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答案:proper 正確答案:proper題目詳解:根據(jù)句中dont grow up believing that的提示，本句表示的含義是固有的, 特有的 proper。 6. advantage proper rewarded emotional

53、 opportunity activity overcome academic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答案: eventually 正確答案:undoubtedly題目詳解:根據(jù)和句中everything falls into its place的語言邏輯關(guān)系判斷，本句表示的含義是確實，無疑地，必定 undoubtedly。 7. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunity activity overcome academ

54、ic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答案:mysterious 正確答案:mysterious題目詳解:根據(jù)下文中romantic之間的對比關(guān)系判斷，本句表示的含義是神秘的 mysterious。 8. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunity activity overcome academic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advoc

55、ate提交的答案:emotional 正確答案:emotional題目詳解:根據(jù)句中the physical involved in growing up的并列關(guān)系判斷，本句表示的含義是情緒的, 情感的 emotional 9. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunity activity overcome academic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答案:overcome 正確答案:overcome題目詳解:根據(jù)句中in a

56、 coeducational environment的提示，本句中these指要戰(zhàn)勝, 克服overcome的問題或困難。 10. advantage proper rewarded emotional opportunity activity overcome academic enter mysterious eventually segregated undoubtedly principle advocate提交的答案:enter 正確答案:enter題目詳解:根據(jù)和句中society的搭配關(guān)系判斷，本句用進入enter。 we can see how the product life

57、 cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. when it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee and it took several years to gain general 1 (introduction stage). at one point, though, 2 coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (

58、stage of maturity). after a while people became 3 to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). sales went into a 4 decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). the importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. the goal is to 5 product l