上海小學(xué)英語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)

1、 中小學(xué)1對1課外輔導(dǎo)專家精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義講義編號(hào) 09sh4yy002497 學(xué)員編號(hào)：xll46 年 級(jí)：小六 課時(shí)數(shù)：3學(xué)員姓名：陳墾 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 培訓(xùn)師：張亞楠學(xué)科組長簽名及日期鄭傳忠教務(wù)長簽名及日期課 題一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)授課時(shí)間：2009年6月26日備課時(shí)間： 2009年6月23日教學(xué)目標(biāo)學(xué)生通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)，能夠很好的掌握三種時(shí)態(tài)的概念、基本結(jié)構(gòu)及基本用法，并能在做題中靈活運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)。重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)1. 各時(shí)態(tài)的否定句、疑問句的變換2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)三單形式的運(yùn)用及主將從現(xiàn)問題3. 各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常連用的時(shí)間狀語考點(diǎn)及考試要求時(shí)態(tài)是各種考試必考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)教學(xué)內(nèi)容c

2、henken, do remember: read the sentences carefully before you answer the questionsstepi：檢查并平講錯(cuò)題stepii: 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（一）一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1) 概念和用法定義:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)。構(gòu)成：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用行為動(dòng)詞的原形，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即“三單變化”，其它人稱用動(dòng)詞的原形。三單變化：（a）原形動(dòng)詞詞尾+“-s”：help helps（b）原形動(dòng)詞詞尾“ch，sh，o，s，x” 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后es：teach teaches（c

3、）原形動(dòng)詞詞尾為“輔音字母+y”時(shí)，去“y”后加“-ies”：study - studies fly flies cry cries （d）若是“元音字母+y”，只加“-s”： play（游戲）plays 形式: 主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(3) 句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定句：be動(dòng)詞(am/ is/ are)；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式）主語+ be動(dòng)詞+其它成分。主語+動(dòng)詞（原形或三單）+ 其它成分。he is my uncle.she teaches us english.they always go shopping.2.否定句：be動(dòng)詞后加not；實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加dont或doesnt（主語為第三

4、人稱單數(shù)時(shí)）。主語+ be動(dòng)詞+ not +其它成分。主語+dont/ doesnt +動(dòng)詞原形+ 其它成分。he isnt my brother.she doesnt go to the park.they dont watch tv in the evening.3.一般疑問句：be動(dòng)詞放句首； 提取助動(dòng)詞do或does放在句首。be(am/ are/ is) + 主語+其它成分?dodoes + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞(原形) +其它成分?does mike work in this factory?do you like cats?4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句?where doe

5、s lucy live?另外：a. 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。如：the earth goes around the sun.b. 在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，即主將從現(xiàn)。e.g. if it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park.如果明天下雨，我們就不去公園了。when i grow up, i will go to america.當(dāng)我長大后，我將去美國。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)經(jīng)常與often，sometimes，always，usually等頻度副詞連用（位于系動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前），也經(jīng)常與every day，every

6、 week，every month，every term，every year，once a week，twice a year等時(shí)間狀語連用。 e.g. i often go to school by bike.二、一般過去時(shí)1概念：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用如：yesterday, last week, last year, just now, two days ago, last night等。2句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式 + 其它.3. be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：1) 肯定句：am/iswas

7、arewere2) 否定句：在be動(dòng)詞后加not。 i/he/she/it was(not). you/we/they were not.3) 一般疑問句：把was或were調(diào)到句首。4句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt +動(dòng)詞原形，如：jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。did jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問句： 疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形？what did jim do yesterday?(2) 疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過去式？who went home yeste

8、rday?過去式基本結(jié)構(gòu)1be 動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)的句型如下： (1)否定句： 主語 + be動(dòng)詞的過去式（was, were）+ not (2)疑問句： be動(dòng)詞的過去式（was, were）+ 主語 ？ a. 肯定句：he was busy yesterday. 否定句：he was not busy yesterday. 一般疑問句：was he busy yesterday?b. 肯定句：there were some boys in the room. 否定句：there werent any boys in the room. 一般疑問句：were there any boys in t

9、he room?2行為動(dòng)詞的否定式和疑問式：(1)若肯定句中只有一個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞，那就得在行為動(dòng)詞前加上did not或縮略式didnt，并把這個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞由過去式改為動(dòng)詞原形。例如： a. i called lin tao yesterday afternoon. i did not / didnt call lin tao yesterday afternoon. b. i borrowed a book from sun yang last sunday. i didnt borrow a book from sun yang last sunday.(2) 行為動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句若在陳述句中只

10、有行為動(dòng)詞的過去式，那就得在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞did來幫助提問，然后把句中的行為動(dòng)詞由過去式改為動(dòng)詞原形，并在句末打上問號(hào)?；卮饡r(shí)別忘了還用did，例如： a. we stayed there for 10 days last month. did you stay there for 10 days last month? yes, we did. / no, we didnt. b. mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening. did mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening? yes,

11、she did. / no, she didnt (3)動(dòng)詞過去式的變化：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：一般動(dòng)詞+edplanted, watered, climbed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+dlike-liked dance-danced 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾-y+ iedstudystudied cry- cried重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+edstop stopped plan - planned不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfou

12、ndsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew三、一

13、般將來時(shí)1. 概念和用法：(1) 一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般將來時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall或will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，shall用于第一人稱，will用于第二、三人稱。但是現(xiàn)在第一人稱一般也用will，其區(qū)別并不明顯。常與tomorrow, next , in (the) future，soon, in+一段時(shí)間(in five days，in two weeks)等時(shí)間狀語連用。 e.g. my father will leave for china next week. where shall we meet tomorrow?wil

14、l you be back in two days?(2) “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。what are you going to do next sunday? 下周日你打算干什么？im going to listen to music. 我計(jì)劃聽音樂。look at the clouds. there is going to be a storm.看那些烏云，暴風(fēng)雨就要來臨了。（客觀跡象）(3) 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的情況1) 表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。we are going to beijing. our plane

15、takes off at 8:10.2) 當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，在if, as soon as, until, when等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。即主將從現(xiàn)原則。if it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a football match. 如果今天下午不下雨，我們將進(jìn)行一場足球比賽。2. 一般將來時(shí)的句型:(1) 肯定句：主語 + shall /will + 動(dòng)詞 + 其他成分. the workers will build a new school here next year.工人們明年將在這兒蓋一所新學(xué)校。 we sha

16、ll have a delicious dinner tonight. 今晚我們將美餐一頓。(2) 否定句：主語 + shall /will + not + 動(dòng)詞 + 其他成分. i will not go shopping one hour later. 一小時(shí)之后我不會(huì)去購物。 he wont play football with you before he finishes his work.他干完活后才能跟你踢足球。(3) 一般疑問句：shall /will + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞 + 其他成分. will you please open the window? 請你打開窗戶好嗎？ sha

17、ll we get something hot to drink? 我們喝一些熱飲怎么樣？(4) 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+shall /will+主語+動(dòng)詞+其他成分. where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪? how many books will they get? 他們將有多少本書？3注意事項(xiàng)1) lets 的附加疑問通常使用“, shall we ?”；而let us的附加疑問句則用will you。e.g. lets have a rest, shall we?let us have a rest, will you?總結(jié)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)

18、和一般將來時(shí)分別常與哪些時(shí)間狀語連用？no problem! but remember what yan yalun said just now?2關(guān)于這三種時(shí)態(tài)還有什么不懂的嗎？課堂練習(xí)： 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的三單形式和過去式三單 過去式 三單 過去式 三單 過去式 三單 過去式buy _ _ fly _ _ plant _ _ study _ _drink _ _ play _ _ go _ _ make _ _do _ _ dance _ _ worry _ _ ask _ _taste _ _ eat _ _ _ _ read _ _ _ put _ _ let _ _ run _ _

19、keep _ _ have_ _ find _ _ get _ _ _ _ eat _ _ _ ring _ _ write _ _ sleep _ _ give _ _ stop _ _二、選擇填空1. jenny _ in an office. her parents _in a hospital.a. work;works b. works; work c. work;are working d.is working;work2. we will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.a. dont rain b. didnt rain c. doesnt rain d

20、. isnt rain 3. listen! she _in the classroom. a. is singing b. sing c. to sing d. is sing4. she_homeworklastnight.a.doesnt,dob.dont,didc.didnt,do 5. lets meet at 6:00 a. m., _?a. will you b. would you c. do we d. shall we6. who _ english best in your class? a. speak b. speaks c. speaking7. i want to

21、 buy _ bananas, but i dont have _ money with me. can you lend me _? sorry, i dont have _ either. a. some; some; any; any b. some; any; some; any c. some; any; any; any d. any; some; any; some8. _ the boys enjoy _ the world cup? yes, they_.a. does; watching; does b. do; watch; do c. do; watching; do

22、d. does; watch; does9. _ you _ free tomorrow?no. i _ free the day after tomorrow.a. are; going to; will b. are; going to be; willc. are; going to; will be d. are; going to be; will be10. he _ to us as soon as he gets there.a. writes b. has written c. will write d. wrote11. he _ in three days.a. comi

23、ng back b. came back c. will come back d. is going to coming back12. where_ you ? i went to buy some food for supper.a. are; go b. did; go c. do; go13. _ that worker _in a shoe factory a year ago? a. do; work b. did; worked c. did; work14. -where _ you find your ticket? -i _it on the ground. a. did;

24、 found b. do; found c. were; find15. tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park.a. will fly; will go b. will fly; goes c. is going to fly; will goes d. flies; will go三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. what _ she _ (do) at weekends? 2. my cousin (walk) to school every day.3. listen! joa

25、n _ (sing) in the classroom. she often _ (sing) there.4. i _ (make) a model ship with mike yesterday.5. he _ (give) her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. there were some cars in front of the house just now.否定句：there _ _ cars in front of the house just now.一般疑問句：_ there _ cars in front of

26、 the house just now?2. he went to the zoo with his father yesterday.否定句：he _ _ to the zoo with his father yesterday.一般疑問句：_ he _ to the zoo with his father yesterday?特殊疑問句： he yesterday? 3. mary usually plays games with her grandparents.否定句：mary usually _ _ games with her grandparents.一般疑問句：_ mary u

27、sually _ games with her grandparents?特殊疑問句： mary usually ?4. they are doing their homework.否定句：they _ _ their homework.一般疑問句：_ they _ their homework?特殊疑問句：_ _ they _?5. mary does her homework well.否定句：mary her homework well. 一般疑問句： mary her homework well? 6. i sometimes write to my mother in the eve

28、ning.（用tonight改寫句子） i to my mother tonight.五完形填空 last sunday afternoon, nancy 1 in a bookshop. she wanted to buy a book 2 animals. suddenly she saw a short man behind 3 . the man stole her purse and ran 4 the shop. she followed him along the street, but he 5 than her. she shouted,“ stop thief! stop

29、thief!” at that time a policeman came to help. then a woman came and told them, “ i saw him. he ran 6 the street and 7 left at the 8 crossing.” the policeman started to run. he ran faster than the 9 . soon he stopped the thief and i got my 10 back.( ) 1. a. is b. be c. was( ) 2. a. about b. in c. fo

30、r( ) 3. a. she b. her c. hers( ) 4. a out b. out of c. into( ) 5. a. runs faster b. ran faster c. run fast( ) 6. a. along b. at c. behind( ) 7. a. turned b. turn c. turning( ) 8. a. one b. first c. a( ) 9. a. thief b. girl c. woman( ) 10. a. book b. bag c. purse錯(cuò)題回顧：sally, i believe you can finish y

31、our homework on time, right? once again, i would like to tell you that read the sentences carefully before you answer the questions!homework：一、選擇填空。1. they _ an english evening next sunday.a. are having b. are going to have c. will having d. is going to have2. who _ a dog in my class? many students

32、_.a. have; has b. has; has c. has; have d. have , have3. the boys_ only two subjects last term, but this term they_ five. a. have, have b. had, had c. had, have4. why _ann _tv last night? a. didnt; watch b. dont; watch c. doesnt ; watch5. dont talk here. grandparents _. a. is sleeping b. are sleepin

33、g c. sleeping d. sleep 6. this boy in the art room? hes my new friend.a. whos b. what c. how d. who7. in the meeting room, wed better . a. talk b. not talk c. not to talk d. to talk8. lucy used to be a nurse, ? a. used she b. doesnt she c. did she d. didnt she9. every year travelers come to france t

34、o sightsee. a. thousand b. thousands c. thousands of d. thousand of 二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. they _ (not/water) the flowers now.2. _ helen _ (wash) clothes? yes, she is.3. i can take li ming there when he _(come) to visit.4. _ your sister _ (know) english?5. the day after tomorrow they _ _ (watch) a volleyb

35、all match.6. he _ (give) her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.7. i (go) to the park next sunday.8. mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.9. liu tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.10. they (leave) hong kong three days ago.11. my mother (tell) me a story every night.12. smith (not/ w

36、ork) here next month.13. -where is the morning paper? -i (get) it for you at once.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. there is only one english book in my bag.（對劃線部分提問） _ english books are there in your bag?2. he went there by plane.（用some day next year改寫句子）he there by plane some day next year.3. mary didnt do her homework ye

37、sterday.肯定句： 一般疑問句： 4. lets climb up the hill to pick some flowers. lets climb up the hill to pick some flowers, ?5. ill go and join them.（改否定）i _ go _ join them.6. im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?7. my parents are going to see a play the day after tomorr

38、ow. (就劃線部分提問)_ _ parents going to the day after tomorrow?四、完形填空harry didnt stop his car at some traffic lights when they were 1 , and hit another car. harry jumped out and went to it. there was an old man in the car. he was very 2 and said to harry, “what are you doing? you 3 kill me.” “i am sorry,”

39、 said harry. he took a bottle out of his. “drink some of this. then you will feel 4 .” harry gave the old man some whisky, and the old man drank it. the old man drank a lot of whisky. after that he said to harry with a smile, “ 5 , young man, i feel much better now. 6 arent you drinking?”“oh, well.”

40、 harry answered. “i dont want to drink whisky now. i am going to sit here and wait for 7 .” ( ) 1. a. red b. green c. white d. yellow( ) 2. a. happy b. angry c. polite d. pleased( ) 3. a. truly b. really c. nearly d. hardly( ) 4. a. bad b. good c. worse d. better( ) 5. a. all right b. i am sorry c.

41、excuse me d. thank you( ) 6. a. or b. but c. and d. for( ) 7. a. my wife b. my friend c. the police d. the medicine首字母填空if you dont use your arms or your legs for some time , they will become weak ; when you start using them again , they will gradually （逐漸地）become stronger again . everybody knows th

42、is . yet many people do not seem to know that it is the s 1 with memory . when someone says that he has a good memory , he really means that he d 2 give it enough chance to become stronger. if a friend says that his arms and legs are weak , we k 3 that it is his own fault . but if he tells us that h

43、e has a poor memory , many of us think that his p 4 are to blame , and f 5 of us know that it is just his own fault. have you e 6 found some people cant read or write but they usually have b 7 memories ? this is b 8 they cannot read or write and they h 9 to remember things ; they cannot write them down in a little notebook . they must remember dates , names , songs and stories ; so their memory is the whole time being ex