建筑設(shè)計(jì)中英對(duì)照表

1、建筑設(shè)計(jì)中英對(duì)照表房屋各部分Parts of house屋面roof屋脊ridge坡屋頂pitched roof單坡屋頂pent roof, lean-to roof人字屋頂gable roof四坡頂hipped roof屋面排水溝valley卷材防水屋面membrane roof找平層screed-coat防水層damp-proof course泛水flashing屋頂層garret閣樓penthouse, loft, attic天臺(tái)roof-deck曬臺(tái)drying stage組合煙囪chimney stack屋檐eave屋面排水roofing drainage檐溝，明溝gutter水落管

2、down-pipe, downspout雨棚canopy, awning柱廊colonnade走廊corridor中庭atrium山墻gable女兒墻parapet山花pediment隅石砌quoins陽臺(tái)balcony, veranda陽臺(tái)欄桿balustrade陽臺(tái)欄桿柱baluster, banister平臺(tái)terrace臺(tái)階steps梯子ladder梯級(jí)step樓梯staircase(step)樓梯踏步平板tread樓梯踏步豎板riser樓梯休息平臺(tái)landing直角轉(zhuǎn)彎平臺(tái) quarter-space landing梯寬run of stair梯高rise of stair樓梯扶手r

3、ail, railing回轉(zhuǎn)梯 corkscrew staircase，caracole踏步突沿nosing窗子window 百葉窗blinds, louvers旋轉(zhuǎn)窗balance window平開窗，窗葉casement窗扇sash中旋窗awning window上下推拉窗 double-hung window屋頂通氣窗clerestory門窗亮子transom窗框window frame窗臺(tái)sill，cill采光頂sunroof天窗sunlight老虎窗dormer-window通風(fēng)窗ventlight落地窗French window墻壁wall承重墻bearing wall隔間part

4、ition空心墻cavity wall防火隔斷(分區(qū)) compartmentation剪力墻shear panel墻裙wainscot窗間墻pier幕墻curtain wall電梯elevator, lift自動(dòng)扶梯escalator地板，樓面floor夾層樓面entresol，mezzanine樓座balcony樓板slab天花板ceiling壁爐andiron，fireplace，grate地下室basement防火fire-cut防火門fire door耐熱涂料heat-resisting paints絕熱heat insulation門檻head-rail, sill柱子column

5、，post，pillar柱頭column cap, head斜撐knee brace懸索catenary梁beam基礎(chǔ)梁grade beam鋼板梁plate girder工字梁I-beam過梁lintel, lintol, head椽子purlin基礎(chǔ)foundation碎石墊層hard core混凝土地基concrete foundation基座、柱礎(chǔ)pedestal獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)isolated footing放大基礎(chǔ)spreading footing條形基礎(chǔ)strip footing筏式基礎(chǔ)mat foundation浮筏基礎(chǔ)floating foundation沉箱基礎(chǔ)caisson化糞池c

6、esspool, septic tank伸縮縫expansion joint冷橋thermal bridge散水wash, apron披水板weathering-board桁架truss組合桁架composite truss框架framework模板formwork拱券arch穹頂dome平拱flat arch筒拱vault, vaulted roof半圓穹頂concha瓦shingle, tile磚brick瓷磚ceramic tile玻璃磚glass blocks大理石marble花崗巖granite水磨石terrazzo砌塊masonry混凝土concrete預(yù)制混凝土pre-cast

7、concrete鋼筋混凝土reinforced concrete鋼筋steel reinforcement水泥cement抹灰，灰泥plaster, stucco熟石灰 hydrate of lime, slaked-lime砂漿mortar抹灰層floated coat飾面finish木磚grounds, timber brick石膏gypsum石膏板plaster slab夾膠玻璃plyglass膠合板plywood, clip-board腳手架scaffolding懸臂cantilever疊澀，牛腿corbel遮陽sun shading制圖與構(gòu)圖用語草圖sketch, draft圖紙dr

8、awing施工圖working drawings工程project方案plan總圖grid總平面site平面floor立面elevation正立面facade剖面section詳圖detail門廳上部upper foyer比例尺scale=透視圖，表現(xiàn)圖rendering 透視perspective軸測(cè) isometric perspective Axonometric projection軸線axis建筑面積floor area, architecture area相對(duì)標(biāo)高relative elevation/level層高，凈空headroom, headway室內(nèi)interior室外ex

9、terior室內(nèi)裝修interior decoration裝飾ornament廣場(chǎng)square, plaza, public square流線circulation解構(gòu)deconstruction空間space, spatial比例proportion統(tǒng)一unity均衡balance協(xié)調(diào)harmony尺度scale韻律rhythm風(fēng)格style功能function關(guān)系relationship房屋 House高層建筑 high-rise building社區(qū) housing complex家舍 house茅舍 cottage平房 one-story house，bungalow， plain-h

10、ouse二樓 two-story house公寓(建筑)apartment house公寓(房間)apartment(flat)(英)別墅 villa花園洋房 garden house寄宿舍 dormitory(美)供膳出租房間 board and lodging出租房間 room for rent(美)鄉(xiāng)村旅舍 country inn供膳寄宿舍 boardinghouse 大廈 mansions, edifice大樓 building預(yù)制裝配式房屋pre-fabricate house小木屋shack一個(gè)單元one unit 車庫(kù)garage報(bào)告廳 auditorium, lecture h

11、all多功能廳 multi-use hall閱覽室browsing room, reading room茶室 refreshment room操作間 cab, utility room居住 Dwelling套房suit主人套房master suit門廳，前廳lobby大廳hall, main hall過廳gallery起居間living RM，family RM聚會(huì)廳 gathering RM，keeping RM休息廳lounge, sitting RM客廳parlor衣帽間cloakroom更衣、衣櫥間walk-in-closet, W.I.C.廚房kitchen餐廳dinning roo

12、m早餐廳nook, breakfast room食品、餐具間pantry, butlery浴室，洗手間bathroom盥洗室toilet room衛(wèi)生間water closet, W.C.前室，門廳foyer寢室，臥房bedroom主人房master bedroom書齋，書房study, library工作室，畫室studio私室，書齋den化妝室boudoir, dressing RM, powder RM嬰兒室nursery客房guestroom壁廚closet, ambry洗衣間laundry room地窖cellar儲(chǔ)藏室storage健身房exercise RM服務(wù)入口service

13、 entry換鞋處mud room游藝室games room活動(dòng)室activities room音樂室music alcove工人房maid bedroom臺(tái)球室billiards room溫室greenhouse家具 Furniture方桌square table圓桌round table長(zhǎng)方桌rectangle table伸縮桌extension table小桌side table凳子stool有肘的椅子armchair搖椅，安樂椅rocking chair藤椅rattan chair塑料椅plastic chair帆布椅deck chair折椅folding chair沙發(fā)sofa長(zhǎng)椅c

14、ouch桌子，餐桌table玻璃桌子glass table塑料桌子acrylic table木制飯桌wooden-table庭院 Yard家宅院messuage門廊porch, covered porch敞廊loggia前院front yard(美)；forecourt中院(英) court yard后院back-yard(美)側(cè)院quiet yard小庭院garth天井patio, patios, hypaethral花園garden樹籬hedge圍場(chǎng)enclosure花架arbor bower草坪lawn花壇flowerbed灌木bush, brush撒水器sprinkler假山rocke

15、ry亭子，閣樓pavillion小徑path車道driveway游泳池pool圍墻fence前門 Front door會(huì)發(fā)諧音鐘聲的門 door chime警報(bào)器buzzer門鈴doorbell門環(huán)doorknocker窺孔peephole門把knob門柱doorjamb鎖眼keyhole轉(zhuǎn)門swinging door折門fold-away (accordion) door冷暖氣 Cooling and heating電風(fēng)扇 electric fan煤氣暖爐 gas heater (stove)石油暖爐 kerosene heater(=stove)電暖爐 electric heater(=s

16、tove)暖氣片 panel heating散熱器 radiator冷氣機(jī) air cooler空調(diào)機(jī) air-conditioner中央暖氣 central heating(system)局部暖氣 space heating幾何名詞直線line曲線curve圓弧arc圓circle橢圓ellipse三角形triangle正方形square矩形rectangle多邊形polygon螺旋線spiral平行六面體 parallelepiped球體sphere半球hemisphere相關(guān)專業(yè)名稱結(jié)構(gòu) structure電氣 electric work給排水 plumbing暖通 HVAC, Heating/Ventilation/Air Condition城市規(guī)劃 city planning其他GRC 玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料(Glass-fiber Reinforced Composite) PVC聚氯乙烯建構(gòu) tectonic風(fēng)格 style古典主義 Classicalism哥特復(fù)興式 Gothic Revival巴洛克風(fēng)格 Baroque洛可