(完整版)狀語從句講解(2)

1、狀語從句定義：在句中作狀語的從句是狀語從句，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語從句由從屬連 詞引導(dǎo)，從屬連詞在句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用，狀語從句放在句首時(shí)，要用逗號(hào), 放在句尾時(shí)不用。狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、 目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵 是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下：時(shí)間狀語從句l. when, while和 as 的用法(1)when既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作 Wh

2、en he got there, the classroom had bee n clea ned.他到的時(shí)候，教室已打掃過了。(主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前 He went to play football when he fini shed his homework.做完作業(yè)后他就去踢足球了。(主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后when可作并列連詞用，of doing，表示正在做.when強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生有先后。如:)相當(dāng)于 just then , at the time，前一分句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)、be about to 或 be on the point.，就在這時(shí)發(fā)生了另外一件事”或“屆時(shí)”。如

3、:7when 。女口:.一邊.”的意思，也可說明兩種正 I was reading when he suddenly came in. I was about to leave when the telephone rang.(2) while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間段內(nèi)，從句的動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如: Strike iron while it still hot. Will you please take care of my house while I was away?在這一情況下，從句的動(dòng)作一定是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如果是非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，要用 Will you please tak

4、e care of my house whe n I went away? 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來的時(shí)侯，他在和別人說話。While I came in, he was talk ing with others.When I came in, he was talk ing with others.(3) as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有“一邊 在發(fā)展或變化的情況，有“隨著.”的意思。如： He sang as he walked.他邊走邊唱。 As he gets older, he gets more ope n.隨著年齡的增長，他越發(fā)開朗起來。2. as soon as, the

5、mome nt, the minu te, the sec ond, the in sta nt, no soon er.tha n, hardly/scarcely.whe n.這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一就”The moment she arrives , we can start.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst i nto tears immediately he saw his mother.3. till, until和

6、 not.until 的用法(1) 在肯定句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)才停止”。You may stay here till/un til the rain stops.你得在這里呆到雨停。(2) 在否定句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始”He wont go to bed till (un til) she returns.直到她回來他才睡。(3) not.u ntil句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝說法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

7、)Not un til you told me did I have any idea of it.(not un til置于句首，主句要倒裝)Not un til he came back did he find his house had bee n broke n in to.4. before 和 si nee 的用法(1) 連詞before表示“還未就”,“不到就”,“才”,“趁還沒來得及”Before they reached the stati on, the train had gone.We had nt run a mile before he felt tired.Ple

8、ase write it dow n before you forget it.(2) before的句型：It will be +時(shí)間段+ before從句，表示“多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.It wont be long before we meet aga in.si nee的句型：It is/has been +時(shí)間段+si nee從句。若從句謂語為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“自從有多久”；若從句的謂語為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“自從結(jié)束/完成起有多久”。It is three years since the war broke o

9、ut.It is three years since he lived here.二.地點(diǎn)狀語從句1. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句可用where, wherever, an ywhere, everywhere等引導(dǎo)。地點(diǎn)狀語從句可用于主句之前或之后。You are free to go wherever you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.無火不生煙(既無風(fēng)不起浪)。2. 注意區(qū)分引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句。where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句直接修飾動(dòng)詞，而在

10、定語從句中 where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(狀語從句 )Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定語從句 )三. 原因狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that等,每個(gè)連詞的含義不盡相同。(l)because用來回答 why的提問，語氣最強(qiáng)，一般放在主句之后；

11、since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；(3) as多用于口語，語氣比 because， since弱，表示的理由是明顯的或被認(rèn)為是已知的，是對(duì)主句的附帶說明，重點(diǎn)在主句，可放在句首或句尾，放在句尾時(shí)，as可省略。I can t go， (as) I am busy.(4) co nsideri ngthat, seei ng that, now that和si nee的意義相似，都有鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)”的意思，that可以省去。As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.Now that/Si nee everybody

12、is here, lets begin our meeti ng.既然大家都到了，我們就開始我們的會(huì)議。My friends dislike me because I m han dsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begi n our conference.四. 目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that, in order that, for fear that , in case, lest等。1.in order that與 so that兩個(gè)連詞都意為以便，為了”，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；i

13、n order that 比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。ni speak slowly so that you can understand me.In order that we might see the sun rise, we started for the peak early.The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.2. for fear that, in case 與lest這些從

14、屬連詞本身帶有否定意義，意為以免，以防”，相當(dāng)于so that.not.或 in order that.not.The boy hid himself beh ind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.Take your rain coat in case/lest it should rain.五. 結(jié)果狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that, so.that. , such.that.。其結(jié)構(gòu)形式為：I 7容 詞詞+句z I形容詞+ /un + nr名詞伉數(shù)形式+h曲從句so I maiiy

15、/niucti/lbw/littlc +I tbatAkJsurli + n/nn + 形容詞 + 河數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式 + that從 句 such+ 形容詞+ 皺數(shù)名 詞形式/不可數(shù)名 聞+從句sucli + u lotof 名 詞 十 thiilAk句Mike is so honest a worker thatwe all believe him.= Mike is such an honest workerthat we all believe him.He earned so little money that he could nt support his family.He got

16、 up so early that he caught the first bus.It ssch a good chanee that we must not miss it.區(qū)別 so.that 和 such.that 的用法名前such，形、副so, that從句跟在后；多多少少必用 so,特別注意是little ;小”用such ,少”用so。六. 條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, un less,特殊弓丨導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, provid in g/provided that, suppos ing that, i n case that, on con

17、 diti onthatwe l start our project if the preside nt agrees.You will certainly succeedso long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no oppositi on, we shall hold the meeti ng here.七. 方式狀語從句：引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, as if, as though等。方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“按照，正如” ；其中as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣，

18、但如果從句中所陳 述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.When in Rome, do as the Roma n do.She behaved as if she were the boss.八. 讓步狀語從句1. although/though, even though/if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句although與though兩者意思相同，一般可以互換，都可以與yet, still或nevertheless連

19、用，但不能和but連用。He is un happy though/although he has a lot of mon ey.盡管他很有錢，但是他不幸福。Even though/if it is raining, well go there.2. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句as從句一般放在主句之前，用倒裝語序。從句中的表語或狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。若表語是名詞，前 置時(shí)要省略冠詞。Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是孩子，他卻懂得很多。Much as I like it I wont buy it, for its too expe nsive.雖然我很喜歡，但我不會(huì)買的，因?yàn)樗F了。Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎樣努力，他還是找不到工作。3. 疑問詞+ ever, no matter +疑問詞與 whether.or.