高中英語高三第一輪復習資料.doc

1、高中英語必修五高三第一輪復習資料Unit 1 Great Scientists詞匯部分詞語辨析1. character / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat 4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse詞形變化1. scientific adj.科學的science n.科學scientist n.科學家2. valuable adj.有價值的value n. 價值value v. 估價, 評價3. instruct v. 教導， 命令instruction n. 指示，用法說明instr

2、uctive adj.有益的，教育性的4. enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的enthusiasm n.狂熱，熱心enthusiast n.熱心家，狂熱者重點單詞1. conclude v. 斷定， 得出結論; 結束（正式）；2. attend v. vt. 出席, 參加, 照顧, 護理, 注意 vi.專心, 留意3. expose vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v揭露4. absorb vt. 吸收;使(精神)貫注;吞并5. blame n過失, 責備 vt.責備, 譴責6. instruct vt .教, 教導, 命令, 指示, 通知7. contribute vi& v

3、t捐助，捐獻，貢獻；投稿重點詞組put forward 提出：提議以供考慮 in addition/ apart from 除之外;另外make sense 有意義重點句子1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of

4、 the solar system with the planets going round it .重點語法過去分詞做表語和定語 (見語法專題) I.詞語辨析 1). character/characteristic n. 【解釋】character 性格，品質 （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字體，字符characteristic 特點，特征（區(qū)別于其他事物）【練習】選擇character 或characteristic 并用其適當的形式填空1） He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its b

5、est when he worked with others.2） People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _ .3） What are the _that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?4） Chinese _ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.5） The main purpose of a play is to let the _ speak for t

6、hemselves as much as possible.Keys: 1) character 2) character 3) characteristics 4) character 5) character2). examine/ check /test 檢查【解釋】examine仔細察看或觀察（以了解情況或是否有問題或毛病）check檢查 （含有“校對”或“找錯”的意思）test 檢查，檢測（以某種手段來試一試某人或某物是否達到了一定的標準）【練習】選擇 check , examine 或 test，并用其適當的形式填空1）I was being _ for a driving lic

7、ense for the third time.2）The doctor _ him carefully.3）The interviewer always _ her facts before sending them to the editor.Keys: 1) tested 2) examined 3) checks3) cure/ treat 治療，【解釋】cure 表示治愈的結果treat 表示治療的過程【練習】選擇cure 或treat 并用其適當的形式填空1) After being _ for such a long time, the wound _ at last. Keys

8、: 1) treated; cured4) blame/scold 責備【解釋】blame 責備；譴責； 歸咎于強調對某種可以解釋的失誤或不良行為的譴責或懲罰：scold 斥責”、“責罵”指大聲呵斥，責備，嘮嘮叨叨地說，常用于長輩對晚輩【練習】1）Dont _ it on him, but on me.2）The parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.Keys: 1) blame 2) scolded5) reject /refuse 拒絕【解釋】reject 后接名詞，（含對被拋棄的東西不屑一顧）r

9、efuse 后接名詞，動名詞 ，可表“謝絕”【練習】選擇refuse 或reject 并用其適當的形式填空1）The Christian Church _ his theory, saying it was against Gods idea.2）I cant stand working with Jane in the same office. She just _to stop talking while she works.Keys: 1) rejected 2) refuses II. 詞形變化science n，科學scientific adj.科學的scientist n.科學家a

10、nnounce v宣布announcement n.宣布announcer n，廣播員，告知者instruct v.指導，命令instruction n.指導，指示instructive adj.有益的，教育性的enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的enthusiasm n.狂熱，熱心enthusiast n.熱心家，狂熱者valuable adj.有價值的value n. 價值value v. 估價, 評價【練習】根據句子結構，用括號內所提供詞的適當形式填空1) The _ took a very _ approach to _.(science)2) The _ make a(n

11、) _ that all the details should _ through the broadcast.(announce)3) It is _ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _ at the bottom of each page.(instruct)4) “You dont seem very _ about the idea.” “I dont mind,” she said, without much _.(enthusiasm)5) There is no any criterion

12、to _ whether it is _ information. (value)keys: 1) scientist; scientific; science 2) announcer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions 4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;valuable 重點詞匯1. conclude vi.終結； 結束; 推斷； 決定典例1）The meeting concluded at ten oclock. 會議于十點鐘結束。2）It is hard to concl

13、ude. 這很難斷定。重點用法 conclusion n. 結束,結論makedrawreachcome toarrive at a conclusion下結論，得出結論；bring sth. to a conclusion使結束；in conclusion作為結論，最后；練習 漢譯英1） 我們推定藍隊無法按時抵達目的地。_2） 我們認定他并沒有告訴我們實情，也就是他在撒謊。 _Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time. 2) We concluded that he didn

14、t tell us the truth. That is, he was lying.2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；處理(與to連用)=do with2) 出席；到場： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after典例 1）Well attend to the problem later 稍后我們將關注那個問題。2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一個醫(yī)生為你看病?重點用法 attendance n 出席，出席的人數，伺候，照料 attend school上學attend a lecture/meeting聽講座/出席會議attend

15、 a wedding/ceremony出席婚禮/參加典禮練習 漢譯英1） 他們在我們不在時管理事務。_2) 他在這個領域很出名，今晚會有成千上萬的敬仰者參加他的講座。_Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence. 2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.3. expose vt.1)使暴露, 顯露 2)曝光 3)揭露重點用法 exposure n(在日光、風雨、危險中)暴露，暴

16、曬(后接to + n)；(攝影的)曝光be exposed to .置身于;暴露于 典例 1）A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music稱職的藝術家總能使學生接觸美好的藝術和音樂2）This film has been exposed. 這片子已經感光。3）He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向幾家報紙透露了這個計劃。4）Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry我暴露在寒風中，覺得嘴唇干裂。5）As a

17、journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作為戰(zhàn)地記者,她置身于多種危險中.練習用expose的恰當形式填空。1）The soil was washed away by the flood，_bare rock 2）The baby was left _the wind and rain 3）The _of the plot against the President probably saved his lifeKeys: 1) exposing 2) exposed to 3) exposure4. absorb 1) 吸

18、收 2)使(精神)貫注 3)占用(時間)重點用法 be absorbed in 全神貫注于;熱衷于;absorb ones attention吸引某人注意力典例1）The equipment can absorb moisture from the air這一設備能從空中吸收水分2）He is absorbed in study. 他專心讀書。3）This job absorbs all of my time. 這件工作占用了我的全部時間。練習 漢譯英1） 顏色豐富的東西總能輕易地吸引孩子們的注意力。_2） 這雙新鞋特別設計了吸收能量的作用。_Keys: 1) Things in colour

19、 can often absorb childrens attention easily. 2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.5. blame vt責備；譴責；歸咎于；n責怪；(過失、過錯等)責任典例1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday 那個粗心的司機該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故負責。2) Who is to blame for the failure? 誰該為這次的失敗負責?3) The st

20、udent blamed the teacher for his failure學生因失敗而怪老師。重點用法blame sbfor(doing)sth 因(做)某事而指責某人blame sthon sb 因某事而指責某人sbbe to blame for(doing)sth 因(做)某事某人應該受到譴責；注意: be to blame 應負責 (無被動形式)。練習 漢譯英1）看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲用水了._2）這件事誰也不能怨._3）他指責你玩忽職守._Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame

21、for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.6. instruct vt教導; 指示典例 1）Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 劉老師去年給一個班學生上數學課.2）The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English這些志愿者經常去孤兒之家去教他們英語.3）He was instructed when to start through the email. 他從郵件中得到出發(fā)時間的通知4）He w

22、as instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往紐約。重點用法instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教導,傳授技能instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示,instruct that-clause通知練習 漢譯英1）老職工對青年職工言傳身教._2）同時要求孩子們放學后留在教室里._Keys: 1) The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words, but by deeds. 2)The children were also instruc

23、ted not to leave the classroom after class.7. contribute vi&vt捐助，捐獻，貢獻；投稿典例1）He contributed to the church他向教會捐款。2）He often contributes to this newspaper他經常向這家報社投稿。3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer吸煙是導致癌癥的主要因素。重點用法 contribution. n. 捐獻，貢獻；投稿 contributeto 向捐獻(投稿) contribute t

24、o促成，起作用，有助于 make a contribution totowards向捐贈；對作出貢獻注意: 以上短語中to為介詞； 練習用contribute的恰當形式或短語填空。 1) Everyone is encouraged to _ the discussion.2) Her work has _ our understanding of this difficult subject.3) She has _ poems to literary magazinesKeys: 1) contribute to 2) contributed to 3) contributed 重點詞組

25、（旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）1put forward 提出(建議等)；推薦某人或自己任職位；提名典例 1）He put forward a new plan yesterday他昨天提出一個新計劃。2）May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你當委員會主席?短語歸納 put on穿上；增加 put on performances演出 put an end to結束；終止 put off推遲；延期； put ones heart into全神貫注于 put down寫下 put out生產

26、；撲滅 put back放回；送回 put up舉起；張貼練習用put構成的短語填空:1)You can take anything from the shelf，but please _ the books when youve finished with them2)He often _ some useful advice.Keys: 1) put back 2) puts forward2apart from 除之外;另外典例1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher除了幾個缺點之外，他是一個很好的老師。2）Apart from

27、the cost，the dress doesnt suit me姑且不論價格，這件禮服也不適合我穿。短語歸納 in addition to除之外(還有,包括在內) besides 除之外(還有,包括在內) except (for)除之外除之外(還有,不包括在內) except that 除了除之外(還有,不包括在內)練習選擇以上短語填空。1) As a senior student, we study other subjects _ English.2) Your article is well written _ some spelling mistakes.Keys: 1) besid

28、es/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for3. make sense講得通；有意義 典例 What he says makes sense他說的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白這首詩的含義嗎?What you say is true in a sense你所說的在某種意義上是真實的。短語歸納make no sense講不通；無意義 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense就某種意義而言；在某種意義上 練習 漢譯英1） 老師試了許多次，但這個長句依然講不通。_2） 從某種意義上說，這部

29、影片富含意義。_Keys: 1) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still could not make sense.2) The film is full of meaning in a sense.V重點句子 （旨在提供句子結構等所需材料）1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆發(fā)，數以千計的人們在恐懼中死去解釋 every time可作連詞使用，引導時間狀語從句，意為“每次，每當”imme

30、diately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作連詞引導時間狀語從句，意為“一就”典例1）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us每次見到他，我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。2）Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一見到紙條，他就知道他誤會了他最好的朋友。練習 漢譯英）每次我去找他，他都在專心看書_）我一見到她就把這本書給了她。_）我一見到他就把這封信給

31、他。_）我一接到你的信就來了。 _Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her 3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him4) I came directly I got the letter 2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the

32、sky make sense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說的清楚解釋Only 引導的狀語放在句首，句子需用半倒裝練習漢譯英) 只有用這種方法，你才能輕松地解決這個問題_) 就在你失去它的時候，你才會懂得時間的寶貴_Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of t

33、he solar system with the planets going round it .他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉解釋with + 賓語+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases構成的復合結構在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條件等典例1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的帶路下，我們向森林進發(fā)。2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat ru

34、nning down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠順著臉頰流下來。練習 漢譯英1） 老師微笑地走進教室，身后還跟著一群小朋友_2） 隨著考試的結束，我們的假期開始了_Keys: 1) With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.2) With the test finished, we began our holiday.課文要點（模塊）課文詞匯等填空（旨在復習本課文中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）根據課文內容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法： In the t

35、imes of Queen Victoria, so-called King Cholera hit Londoners, which often 1 （導致）large numbers of 2 (dead). Thanks to John Snow, a then well known 3 , this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 . So he began to gather the information, for which he

36、 made a map, on which he marked 6 the 7 （受害者）had lived. As a result, he found out that the 8 (污染) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 （檢查）immediately. Finally King Cholera 10 (defeat). 答案：1. resulted in 2. deaths 3. doctor 4. the 5. cause 6. where 7.

37、victims 8. polluted 9. be examined 10. was defeated課文大意概括 （旨在訓練用30個單詞概括大意的能力）閱讀課文，試著用30來個單詞概括課文大意或將下面的短文譯成英語 這篇短文的主要意思是說斯諾找到了一種叫做霍亂疾病的起因，這是19世紀發(fā)生在倫敦的一種致命的疾病。在斯諾的努力，該疾病終于得到控制。 The main idea of this passage is that _答案：The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease

38、called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century. With Snow s great efforts, the disease was finally under control.課文佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對難句的理解和運用能力）1【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入語), that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birt

39、h of her babies. 模仿要點兩個簡單句合并成一句，很好地運用了插入語和符號來壓縮句子。【模仿1】. 張老師是個熱心的老師，他那么善良我想當他的學生生病時他一定樂意幫助他們的。_答案：Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our schoolso kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say (插入語), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.【模仿2】李平是我們班一位用功的學生。他那么勤奮我想晚上不到11點他不會上床睡覺

40、的。_答案：Li Ping is a hard-working boy in my classso diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night. 2【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.模仿要點 冒號加that從句【模仿1】雖然她不相信

41、別人說的話，可她所收集的證據得出這樣的結論：她的男朋友騙了她。_答案：Though she didnt believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that her boy friend cheated her. 【模仿2】盡管他很聰明，但他不勤奮。他這學期所經歷的失敗得出這樣的結論：不勞不獲_答案：Though he was very clever，he didnt work hard and all his failure ( that she experie

42、nced) this term led to the conclusion: that no pains no gains.3【原句】He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 模仿要點 句子結構：with 的復合結構作定語修飾前面的名詞。【模仿1】當你步入校園，在你面前是一個種著各種花草的大花壇。在花壇的兩邊是兩個高大的樓房：左邊是教學樓，右邊是圖書館。_答案：When

43、 you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides the library on your right and the teaching building on your left. 【模仿2】 井底之蛙，永遠看不到天空的廣闊，“好男兒志在四方”，讓我們踏歌而行，看高高的燈塔照亮我們遠航的路。（with

44、 結構作狀語）_ The frog at the bottom of the well is always blind to the extension of the sky. “Ambitious men aims far.” Lets get started, with the tall lighthouse guiding our long voyage, and with the voice of singing accompanying.單元自測 （模塊）1. 完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從2130各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。字數：2

45、12完成時間：15分鐘難度：*Lang Lang went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight. “You need 1 ,” his father said. “But if you dont work hard, no fortune will come.”What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didnt like him. As a nine-year-old boy Lang Lang was badly 2 . He decided that

46、he didnt want to be a 3 any more. For the next two weeks he didnt touch the piano. 4 , his father didnt push, but waited.Luckily, the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs. He didnt want to, but as he placed his fingers on the piano key, he 5 that he could show others that he had talent after all.In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition, when it was 6 that Lang Lang had won, he was too 7 to hold back his tears. Soon it was clear that he couldnt stay in China foreverhe had to play on the worlds big 8 . In 1997 Lang Lang 9 again, this t