交互設(shè)計(jì)(Interaction Design)(世畢盟留學(xué))

1、交互設(shè)計(jì)（Interaction Design）（世畢盟留學(xué)）一、交互是個(gè)筐，啥都往里裝交互（inter-action），從字面上理解，就是 A 和 B 之間的一系列動(dòng)作和行為。比如，早上你出門(mén)時(shí)碰到鄰居，沖 ta 喊一聲“早”，ta 對(duì)你點(diǎn)頭、微笑，說(shuō)“早” 這就是一個(gè)完整的互動(dòng)過(guò)程。當(dāng)然，互動(dòng)不僅限于人與人之間，還可以發(fā)生在系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)之間，比如人和機(jī)器，人和環(huán)境，機(jī)器和環(huán)境，等等。這可是個(gè)要命的問(wèn)題：幾乎在同一個(gè)次元的人和 “物”，都可能發(fā)生互動(dòng)。當(dāng)然，我們主要關(guān)注發(fā)生在對(duì)象和人之間，但這個(gè)范圍仍然過(guò)于寬泛。界面上的一個(gè)按鈕，是交互；賣(mài)披薩不給手套，是交互；想過(guò)馬路對(duì)面卻要走幾公里穿隧道，

2、是交互下面這張圖能加深大家對(duì)這個(gè)學(xué)科年輕而混亂的印象（交互設(shè)計(jì)大概在五點(diǎn)鐘方向）：我所理解的交互設(shè)計(jì)，扎根于三大領(lǐng)域：人心理學(xué)機(jī)計(jì)算機(jī)/工程美設(shè)計(jì)二、身體跟不上靈魂（或相反？），于是有了交互設(shè)計(jì)交互設(shè)計(jì)雖然是個(gè)筐，但它的確是應(yīng)需而生的。計(jì)算機(jī)問(wèn)世以后，如何讓它跟人打交道，一直很讓人頭疼。雖然 Geek 們發(fā)明了各種各樣的“語(yǔ)言”，讓人和計(jì)算機(jī)有了溝通的渠道，但是當(dāng)時(shí)的機(jī)器畢竟能力有限，需要人付出極大的努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn) “對(duì)話(huà)”。如何讓人機(jī)交流更自然（當(dāng)然是偏袒人類(lèi)的），漸漸形成了一個(gè)學(xué)科。而隨著計(jì)算機(jī)能力指數(shù)級(jí)的增長(zhǎng)，計(jì)算機(jī)承擔(dān)越來(lái)越多，而人需要投入的理解和使用成本則越來(lái)越小。當(dāng)資源不再匱乏、實(shí)現(xiàn)

3、能力極大提升后，對(duì)體驗(yàn)的追求漸漸成為人們消費(fèi)決策的首因。于是各種各樣的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)都開(kāi)始重視去理解消費(fèi)者/使用者，努力將產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的體驗(yàn)改進(jìn)到超出顧客預(yù)期。交互設(shè)計(jì)在其中便發(fā)揮了越來(lái)越重要的作用。時(shí)至今日的人機(jī)互動(dòng)領(lǐng)域，隨著機(jī)器類(lèi)型和能力的爆炸式增長(zhǎng)，技術(shù)越來(lái)越逆天，人與機(jī)器對(duì)話(huà)的“界面”越來(lái)越模糊以及無(wú)處不在，交互設(shè)計(jì)將迎來(lái)第三次大發(fā)展。越來(lái)越多相互連接的元件和機(jī)器，極大拓展了人的感知、采集和控制能力，人與環(huán)境互動(dòng)成為可能。如何促成人與整個(gè)環(huán)境的互動(dòng)，是未來(lái)幾年交互設(shè)計(jì)的大課題。三、行為引導(dǎo)和設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)話(huà)為了便于理解，我們把任何兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)之間的交互都看做“對(duì)話(huà)”（不僅包括語(yǔ)言，還有動(dòng)作，肢體、表情，

4、圖像變化，可感知的運(yùn)動(dòng)等等）。交互設(shè)計(jì)要做的事情，就是讓兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)之間更好地 “對(duì)話(huà)”。從廣義上理解，設(shè)計(jì)的本質(zhì)是“預(yù)先處理關(guān)系”，而從屬于設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的交互設(shè)計(jì)，主要關(guān)注的是如何讓人與系統(tǒng)更好地進(jìn)行”對(duì)話(huà)”。也就是人在跟一個(gè)系統(tǒng)打交道時(shí)，他了解到哪些信息，他怎么做，感受如何。設(shè)計(jì)節(jié)點(diǎn)的“對(duì)話(huà)”人與系統(tǒng)的“對(duì)話(huà)”，往往發(fā)生在關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)上。比如去ATM取錢(qián)，對(duì)話(huà)基本是在一塊屏幕上進(jìn)行，而且人和ATM對(duì)話(huà)的過(guò)程，是由若干節(jié)點(diǎn)組成的路徑：* 你告訴ATM賬號(hào)* ATM識(shí)別賬號(hào)，問(wèn)你要做什么* 你告訴ATM要做第一件事* ATM做第一件事并給出反饋* ATM問(wèn)你要做什么* 你告訴ATM要做第二件事“”* 交互

5、設(shè)計(jì)處理的就是這些關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)的“對(duì)話(huà)”，如何讓雙方（人，機(jī)）明白對(duì)方的意思、知道對(duì)方的進(jìn)度、知道對(duì)方的困難并且解決也就是說(shuō)，交互設(shè)計(jì)的是用戶(hù)在使用一個(gè)系統(tǒng)/產(chǎn)品時(shí)所經(jīng)過(guò)的“路徑”，以及與系統(tǒng)/產(chǎn)品發(fā)生的“對(duì)話(huà)”?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品界面交互設(shè)計(jì)回歸現(xiàn)實(shí)，大籮筐【交互設(shè)計(jì)】中套著一個(gè)小籮筐【人機(jī)交互】，而最常見(jiàn)的“機(jī)”，就是每天都能見(jiàn)到的網(wǎng)站/客戶(hù)端/app?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)的交互設(shè)計(jì)，指的主要是這些界面的設(shè)計(jì)。那么，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品界面交互設(shè)計(jì)具體做什么？ 定義用戶(hù)特點(diǎn)、需求、目標(biāo) 理清用戶(hù)任務(wù)和流程 定義功能 整理信息/頁(yè)面結(jié)構(gòu) 提出設(shè)計(jì)方案草稿，制作原型，團(tuán)隊(duì)討論 跟進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā) 跟進(jìn)上線(xiàn)和迭代優(yōu)化 無(wú)限循環(huán)四、

6、生活中的交互設(shè)計(jì)交互設(shè)計(jì)雖然不能吃，也是極有用的。但是要記得一點(diǎn)：好的交互設(shè)計(jì)，讓人感覺(jué)不到設(shè)計(jì)的存在。通過(guò)下面約妹紙的例子，你應(yīng)該理解什么是真正的交互設(shè)計(jì)了。從“對(duì)話(huà)”的角度理解約妹紙看電影的全過(guò)程，看看哪些環(huán)節(jié)可以下功夫去提升體驗(yàn)。1、第一階段：約妹子是否喜歡看電影？喜歡什么類(lèi)型的？最近上了哪些電影？妹子什么時(shí)候有空？妹子住哪里？可能會(huì)喜歡去哪些電影院？（用戶(hù)調(diào)研）以什么理由提出妹子會(huì)覺(jué)得比較自然不尷尬？在什么場(chǎng)合下發(fā)起對(duì)話(huà)，為什么？需要制造這樣的場(chǎng)合嗎？（場(chǎng)景營(yíng)造）在對(duì)話(huà)時(shí)，少使用封閉式句式，先回應(yīng)情緒再導(dǎo)向事實(shí)，提供可能性并給出有助于決策的信息（對(duì)話(huà)引導(dǎo)）2、第二階段：去約在什么地方碰

7、面合適？妹子知道在哪嗎？過(guò)去方便嗎？會(huì)用什么方式過(guò)去？人多擁堵嗎？會(huì)在哪里等候？天氣會(huì)不會(huì)出問(wèn)題？需要先吃東西嗎？妹子或你早到/遲到了如何回應(yīng)？如何開(kāi)啟話(huà)題？電影院如何去？需要換票嗎？去排隊(duì)時(shí)讓妹子干啥？開(kāi)場(chǎng)前時(shí)間如何打發(fā)？要買(mǎi)零食嗎？妹子喜歡吃啥？3、第三階段：看進(jìn)場(chǎng)時(shí)走妹子前面還是后面？太黑看不清怎么辦？如何快速找到座位？?jī)蓚€(gè)位置讓妹子坐哪個(gè)？領(lǐng)的眼鏡要怎處置？包和零食放哪既好拿又不容易打翻？手機(jī)調(diào)靜音了嗎？看的是什么類(lèi)型的電影？要在妹子淚目時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好紙巾嗎？身邊坐了熊孩子怎么處理？4、第四階段：回妹子看完電影是意猶未盡還是哈欠連連，該送她回家還是準(zhǔn)備其他節(jié)目？如何討論電影劇情？妹子怎么回家

8、方便？需不需要帶些吃的回家？告別時(shí)說(shuō)些什么？分開(kāi)后再說(shuō)些什么能增強(qiáng)兩人的共同回憶，或是埋下下次約會(huì)的線(xiàn)索？一場(chǎng)約會(huì)包含了無(wú)數(shù)細(xì)節(jié)，妹子對(duì)你的印象就由這些細(xì)節(jié)一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)構(gòu)成。雖然這些都是很自然的反應(yīng)，但是用設(shè)計(jì)的角度去看，很多細(xì)節(jié)都可以提前考慮和優(yōu)化，這樣能讓妹子感覺(jué)跟你在一起很舒服。好的交互設(shè)計(jì)，是讓人感覺(jué)不到的設(shè)計(jì) 真正的體貼，是讓人感覺(jué)不到的體貼啊 The following is a list of colleges, universities, and art schools which offerinteraction designprograms.UniversityCountryUn

9、dergraduate degreeGraduate degreeAarhus University, DenmarkDenmarkBA (Information Studies+Digital Design+IT Bachelor)MA (Information Studies+Digital Design+IT Product Development)Academy of Art University, San FranciscoUnited StatesBFA, 2nd BFA (Web Design & New Media+New Media Online Program)MFA (W

10、eb Design & New Media+New Media Online Program)Aegean University, Syros Island, GreeceGreeceBSc (Department of Products and Systems Design Engineering)MSc (Design of interactive and industrial products and systems)Aalborg UniversityDenmarkYes (1)Yes (2)Arizona State UniversityUnited StatesMSD (Inter

11、action Design) (3)Art Center College of DesignUnited StatesBS (Interaction Design)MFA (Graduate Media Design Program)Austin Center for DesignUnited StatesYes (Interaction Design and Social Entrepreneurship)Brandeis UniversityUnited StatesMS (User-Centered Design)Brunel UniversityUKMSc (Digital Desig

12、n and Branding)Brunel UniversityUKMSc (Digital service design)California College of the ArtsUnited StatesBFA (Interaction Design)MDes (Interaction Design), MFA (Graduate Design, Interaction track)Carnegie Mellon UniversityUnited StatesMDes (Interaction Design), Ph.D (Design)Chalmers University of Te

13、chnologySwedenMSc. (Interaction Design & Technologies)College for Creative StudiesUnited StatesBFA (Communication Design)MFA (Interaction Design)Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design, DenmarkDenmarkNoYesCyprus University of TechnologyCyprusMSc. (Interaction Design (online)Danish School of Media

14、 & Journalism, DenmarkDenmarkBA (Interactive Design)Department of Design, IIT GuwahatiIndiaBDes (Interaction Design)MDes (Interaction Design), Ph.D (Design)Design Programme, IIT Kanpur, IndiaIndiaMDes (4) andPhD (5)Designskolen KoldingDenmarkBA (Interaction Design)MA(Communication Design)Digital Des

15、ign School, H-Campus, near VeniceItalyNoYesDrexel UniversityUnited StatesBS (Interactive Digital Media)MS (Digital Media)cole cantonale dart de LausanneSwitzerlandBachelor(6)Lcole de design Nantes AtlantiqueFranceMaster (Tangible Interface)Strate cole de DesignFranceMasters degree in industrial desi

16、gn, Major interactioncole Normale Suprieure de LyonFranceMaster Degree in Information ArchitectureEindhoven University of TechnologyNetherlandsBSc. (Industrial Design)MSc. (Industrial Design)(Human-Technology Interaction)Elon UniversityUnited StatesMA (Interactive Media)Emily Carr University of Art

17、and DesignCanadaBA (Interaction Design)Faber-Ludens Institute(Interaction Design)Georgia Institute of TechnologyUnited StatesMID (Interaction track)Gjvik University CollegeNorway(MSc Interaction Design)Haute Ecole dArt et Design GenveSwitzerlandMA (Media Design)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHo

18、ng KongBA (Interactive Media)MDes (Interaction Design)IIT Institute of DesignUnited StatesMDes, Ph.DIndiana University (Bloomington)United StatesMS (Human Computer Interaction Design)Industrial Design Centre, IIT Bombay, IndiaIndiaBDesMDes, Ph.DInstrument Design Development Centre, IIT Delhi, IndiaI

19、ndiaMDesKent State UniversityUnited StatesMS (Information Architecture and Knowledge Management User Experience Design) (7)Kerala State Institute of Design(KSID)IndiaProduct ,Textile & Communication DesignKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyKoreaUniversity of Art and Design Lausanne(EC

20、AL)SwitzerlandBA (Media & Interaction Design)Laval UniversityCanadaMA (Matrise en Design Multimdia) (8)Lindenwood University BellevilleUnited StatesBA (Interactive Media and Web Design)Linnaeus UniversitySwedenLondon College of CommunicationUKBA Design for Interaction and Moving Image (imihub)Louisv

21、ille Center for Design Lindsey Wilson CollegeUnited StatesMaster of Arts in Interactive Design (9)Malm UniversitySwedenYes1 or 2 year Master (Interaction Design)Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, GermanyGermanyBAIndustrial DesignMAInteraction DesignMaryland Institute College of Art (M

22、ICA)United StatesMPS (User Experience Design)Maryville University, St. LouisUnited StatesBFA (Interactive Design)Massachusetts College of Art and DesignUnited StatesMFA (Dynamic Media Institute)Missouri State University, MissouriUnited StatesBS (Interactive New Media)Missouri Western State Universit

23、y, MissouriUnited StatesMA (Usability and Human Factors)Monash UniversityAustralia2 year MasterMaster of Interaction DesignNational College of Art and Design, Dublin, IrelandIreland1 year MA (Interaction Design)National Institute of Design, Research and Development Campus, Bangalore, IndiaIndiaMaste

24、r of Design (M.Des) in Interaction Design (10)New York University:Tisch School of the ArtsNew York University: Tandon School of Engineering/academics/programs/integrated-digital-media-msUnited StatesMPS Interactive Telecommunications ProgrammMS Integrated Digital Media with

25、specialisation in Interaction DesignOsnabrck University of Applied SciencesGermanyMA (Media & Interaction Design)OCAD UniversityCanadaDigital Futures: Graduate Diploma, MA, MDes and MFA (Media & Interaction Design)Oslo School of Architecture and DesignNorwayMA Interaction designNorwegian School of I

26、nformation TechnologyNorwayYesParsons The New School for DesignUnited StatesInteraction DesignMFA (Design and Technology)Philadelphia UniversityUnited StatesBA (Interactive Design and Development)MS (User Experience and Interaction Design)Pratt InstituteUnited StatesYesMFA (Interactive Arts)Purdue U

27、niversityUnited StatesMFA (Interaction Design)Quasar Design UniversityItalyDiploma triennale in Interaction DesignQueensland University of TechnologyAustraliaYesQuinnipiac UniversityUnited StatesBA Interactive Digital DesignMS Interactive MediaRoyal College of Art, LondonUKMA (Design Interactions),

28、PhD (Design Interactions), MA (Information Experience Design), PhD (Information Experience Design)Savannah College of Art and DesignUnited StatesBA (Interactive Design and Game Development)MA (Interactive Design and Game Development), MFA (Interactive Design and Game Development)School of Visual Art

29、sUnited StatesMFA (Interaction Design)Sheridan CollegeCanadaBAT (Interaction Design)Simon Fraser UniversityCanadaBSc, BA (Interactive Arts & Technology)MA, MSc, PHD (Interactive Arts & Technology)Southern University CollegeMalaysiaBDe (Computer Graphic Design)Stan Ackermans InstitutePDEng (User-Syst

30、em Interaction)Srishti Institute of Art, Design and Technology (http:/srishti.ac.in)Bengaluru, IndiaB.Des. Human Centred Design (http:/srishti.ac.in/programs/ug-professional-program-in-human-centered-design)M.Des. Human Centred Design (http:/srishti.ac.in/programs/postgraduate-program-in-human-cente

31、red-design)Stockholm UniversitySwedenBSc (Interaction Design)SUPSI, Master of Advanced Studies in Interaction Design (MAIND)SwitzerlandMaster of Advanced Studies (11)Syracuse UniversityUnited StatesTsinghua UniversityChinaBA (Information Design)Tunku Abdul Rahman University CollegeMalaysiaBCE (Multi

32、media Design)Ume Institute of DesignSwedenNoYesUniversiti Tunku Abdul RahmanMalaysiaBA (Graphic Design and Multimedia)University of AmsterdamNetherlandsBsc. Information ScienceUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern SwitzerlandSwitzerlandMAS (Interaction Design)University of BaltimoreUni

33、ted StatesM.S. Interaction Design and Information ArchitectureD.S. Information and Interaction DesignUniversity of California, Berkeley School of InformationUnited StatesYesUniversity of California, Irvine: Donald Bren School of Information & Computer ScienceUnited StatesYes (Informatics)University

34、of Cincinnati College of Design, Architecture, Art, and PlanningUnited StatesBS Design (Graphic Communication Design / Interaction Design Focus)University of Dundee, DJCADScotlandBScDigital Interaction Design (DIxD)MSc Product DesignUniversity of KansasUnited StatesYesUniversity of Limerick, Ireland

35、IrelandBScDigital Media DesignMSc/MAInteractive MediaUniversity Iuav of VeniceItalyYesUniversity of MiamiUnited StatesMFA (Interactive Media)University of Michigan School of Information, Ann Arbor, MIUnited StatesBS in Information (User Experience Design Path)MS in Information (User Experience Resea

36、rch and Design)University of OsloNorwayBSc(Informatics: design, use, interaction)MSc(Informatics: design, use, interaction)Universit du Qubec MontralCanadaUniversity of QueenslandAustraliaMIDesInteraction DesignUniversity of San MarinoSan MarinoMDes (Masters degree in Interaction Design)University o

37、f Southern DenmarkDenmarkBE (Interaction Design)MSc (IT Product Design)University of SydneyAustraliaBDesComp (Design Computing)MIDEA (Interaction Design and Electronic Arts)University of WashingtonUnited StatesBachelor of Design (Formerly BFA) (12)YesUniversity of WaterlooCanadaBGBDA (Global Business & Digital Arts)MDEI (Digital Experience Innovation)University of Applied Sciences PotsdamGermanyBAInterface DesignMAInterface DesignUniversity of the Arts Bremen, GermanyGermanyBADigital MediaMADigital MediaUniversity of SaskatchewanCanadaBA & BSCInteractive Systems Design (BA