直接引語和間接引語

1、Grammar,The shoes are too big for me.,What did he say?,He said the shoes were too big for him.,I want to be a teacher.,What did she say?,She said,she wanted to be a teacher.,“I want to be a teacher.”,She said,she wanted to be a teacher.,Im going to do my homework.,What did he say?,He said,he was goi

2、ng to do his homework.,“I am going to do my homework.”,He said,he was going to do his homework.,直接引語和間接引語,Direct and Indirect Speech,基本概念,直接引述別人的原話。通常都用引號“”括起來。,用自己的話把別人的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個賓語從句。,直接引語,間接引語,Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1),轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述陳述句, She asked me what I was doing.,1) He said

3、 , “Im going to Beijing.”, He said that he was going to Beijing.,2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.,3) She said , “What are you doing?”,2. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問一般疑問句,3. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題特殊疑問句,直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,He said, “I want to go to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he wanted

4、to go to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.,陳述句 用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直接用引語中的said, 也可用told來代替，注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說told that,解題步驟:,1.陳述句:,“I dont like computers

5、,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,Sarah,結(jié)論一,直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句.從句中的人稱,時態(tài),指示代詞,時間狀語,地點狀語等相應(yīng)變化.,1、人稱的變化,一 隨 主,二隨賓,第三 人稱 不變,引號內(nèi)的第一人 稱變間引后與主 句主語的人稱保 持一致,引號內(nèi)的第二人 稱變間引后與主 句賓語的人稱保 持一致,引號內(nèi)的第三人 稱在變間引

6、后人 稱不變,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis.,He said to Lily, “ you must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,She said to me , “ They want to help him.”,She told me that they wanted to help him.,：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新,直接引語,間接引語,一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時,現(xiàn)在進行時,過去進行時,一般過去時,過去完成時,現(xiàn)在

7、完成時,過去完成時,一般將來時,過去將來時,The teacher said, “ The sun is bigger than the earth.”,The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.,特殊: 直接引語若是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變.,2、時態(tài)的變化,直接引語,間接引語,指示代詞,時 間 狀 語,地點狀語,方向性動詞,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last

8、week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,、其他特殊變化,3,一般疑問句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my p

9、ronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.,間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等)，語序是陳述句的語序,Can you play the piano? ( They asked him ),They asked him,Whether/if,You can play the piano,you can play the piano.,he,could

10、,They asked him whether/if he could play the piano.,Do you have math? ( They asked him ),They asked him,Whether/if,you have math,you have math.,he,had,They asked him whether/if he had math.,Are you a teacher? ( They asked him ),They asked him,Whether/if,you are a teacher,you are a teacher.,he,was,Th

11、ey asked him whether he was a teacher.,2.一般疑問句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition

12、of the soil.,特殊疑問句,He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask(sb. )來表達，語序改為陳述句語序,“What are you doing?”,She asked me

13、,I was doing.,what,3.特殊疑問句：,“Why do you like English?”,He asked me,I liked English,why,“Where does he live?”,She asked me,he lived.,where,“How does she go to school?”,She asked me,She went to school.,how,“Do you know my name?”,She asked me,I knew her name.,Whether / if,是否,選擇疑問句,He asked, “Do you spe

14、ak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.,用whetheror表達，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,結(jié)論二,1)直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時， 要從疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。 2)直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語 時,用連詞if或whether連接。 3)直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語 時,仍用

15、原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)。,He ordered/told me to be quiet!,Be quiet!,Follow me, please!,He asked me to follow him.,Dont make noise!,He ordered/told me not to make noise.,結(jié)論三,直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，根據(jù)語氣的不同在動詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等動詞。把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，否定句，在動詞不定式前加not或never.,肯定句：tell/ order/ ask sb to do,否定句： tell/ order/ ask

16、sb not to do,注意事項,1)人稱 2)時態(tài) 3)相應(yīng)的時間地點狀語（若 當(dāng)時當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，不用變） 4)標(biāo)點符號 5)大小寫 6)問號改為句號 7)語序-疑問改陳述 8)賓語從句由什么引出 9)祈使句要使用動詞不定式 來引述,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.,The teacher asked me why I was late again.,實戰(zhàn)演練,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said , “I havent heard fr

17、om him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”,He said that he were afraid he couldnt finish that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,Sarah said she didnt like swimming.,5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah.,She said to me “

18、Why are you interested in science?” She asked me _ _ _interested in science. 2. He asked him “when will you buy the red coat?” He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat. 3. Shirley asked me “Where were you born?” Shirley asked me _ _ _ born. 4. “ Whats wrong with you?” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ _ _ w

19、ith _. 5. The girl asked me “What happened?” The girl asked me _ _.,Exercises:,why I was,when he would,where I was,what was wrong me,what happened,1. “Where is she from?” He asked where she was from. 2. “How old are they?” He asked how old they were. 3. “Whats the weather like today?” He asked what

20、the weather was like that day. 4. “How do you go to school?.” He asked how you went to school. 5. “Who is singing?” He asked who was singing. 6. “When do you get up?” He wanted to know when I got up.,Grammar Study,Try to change direct speech into indirect speech :,He said that the earth goes around

21、the sun.,He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.,He said that Rome isnt built in a day.,Tom said he was born in July, 1978.,Summary:,Grammar Study,There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect speech.,When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理 b) a timetable 時間表 c) a s

22、aying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用語 d) An adverbial indicating the past 過去的時間狀語,The teacher said，“Dont be late，Mary. ” The teacher told _. A. Mary not to be late B. Mary to be not late C. Mary are not late D. not to be late 2. He asked her，“Where are you going?” He asked her _. A. where she were going B.

23、 where she was going to C. where she was going D. where she is going,鞏固提高,3. The lady said，“I shall come to work on time. ” The lady said that _. A. I would go to work on time B. she would go to work on time C. she would come to work on time D. he would go to work on time 4. He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday. ” He told me he had written to his father _. A. the yesterday B. before today C. the day befor