必修五語法講義

1、.過去分詞作定語、表語、賓補、狀語The Past Participle used As Attribute and Predicative第一講、過去分詞做定語和表語1.English is a widely used language.2.He threw away the broken cup.3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.單個過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分

2、詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。 spoken English = English which is spoken terrified people = the people who are terrified an organized way = a way that is organized affected area 災區(qū) = the area which is affected stolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the teacher = the bo

3、ok which was recommended by the teacher printed articles = articles that are printed1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定語2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定語3) He got interested in the two theories. 表語4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表語 Pas

4、t Participle as the Attribute定語 Past Participle as the Predicative表語1.terrified people1.people who are terrified2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved3.polluted water3.water that is polluted4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased6. Astonished children6

5、.children who look astonished7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken8.a closed door8.a door that is closed9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped There are many fallen leaves on the ground. = There are many leaves which had fallen on the groun

6、d. (地上有許多落葉)Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. (他們中的一些人，在農村出生并長大，從沒去過北京)及物動詞的過去分詞表示結束了的被動動作或者沒有一定的時間性,只表示被動關系。 polluted water = water which is polluted reserved

7、 seats= the seats which were reserved trapped animal = the animal which was trapped 不及物動詞的過去分詞不表被動，只表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，含有動作完成，動作結束之含義。 boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves= the leaves which have fallen risen sun= the sun which has risen過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。 The books, written by Guo J

8、ingming, are very popular with teenagers. 這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他們中的一些人，在農村出生并長大，從沒過北京.The book _written by the farmer (一本農民寫的書) is very popular.The building built last year (去年建的樓房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquak

9、e.The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天會議上討論的) was very difficult to solve.The window broken by that naughty boy被那個頑皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的) were seriously ill.The people exposed to the sun (暴露在陽光下的) got sunburnt.The boy punishe

10、d severely by the teacher (受到老師嚴厲懲罰的) is now a college student.The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所說的).Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀請去參加聚會的) were from South Africa.The studen

11、ts inspired by the teacher (受到老師鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.The Olympic Games, _A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關系且過去分詞表示的動作已完成?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關系。不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。firs

12、t played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.Consolidation 鞏固1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B

13、. settling C. to settle D. being settled3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known4. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, rea

14、ding C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read2）作表語 表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動詞的過去分詞已經被當作形容詞使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。The window is broken. 窗戶碎了。Dont get so excited. 別這么激動。1.用作表語的過去分詞被動意味很弱，主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時相當于一個形容詞。2.被動語態(tài)的過去分詞動詞意味很強,句子主語為動作的承受者，后面常跟by短語。 The glass is bro

15、ken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動意味。 How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited

16、. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. 作表語練習：Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌o pay sb.

17、by the hour” 計時給某人報酬。此題被動結構作表語。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.1. The rooms are _, so you cant move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted2. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost 3. What he has done is really _.Now his

18、 parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成 a moving movie 感人的電影 a moved audience 被感動的觀眾 boiling water 正在燒(煮沸)的水 boiled wa

19、ter 已煮沸的水 developing countries 反展中國家 developed countries 發(fā)達國家 falling leaves 落葉(正在進行) fallen leaves 落葉(已經完成)The child standing over there is my brother.The room facing south is our classroom.The book written by Lu Xun is very good.The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.第二講、過去分詞作賓補用法歸納英語中過去

20、分詞可作賓補，（此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞）表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補與賓語有被動的關系，表一種狀態(tài)。)一過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動詞keep,leave等的后面。Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看）Dont leave such an important t

21、hing undone.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.二過分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：A）表讓某人做某事/讓某事（被人）做eg: I have had my bike repaired.The villagers had many trees planted just then.B)表遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受.影響，蒙受. 損失Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had

22、 his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)2.make+賓語+過去分詞,在這種結構中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結果含義的。如：They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.I raised my voice to make myself heard.三、過去分詞用在感觀動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如When we

23、got to school,we saw the door locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.He felt himself cheated.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動詞后面做賓補。如The boss wouldnt like the problem di

24、scussed at the moment.I would like my house painted white.I want the suit made to his own measure.I wish the problem settled.五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語賓補”這一結構中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his ho

25、use looks like a beautiful garden.With everything well arranged,he left the office.六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關系。其動作與謂語動作同時進行。過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關系。其動作先于謂語動作。不定式作賓補：表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。eg:He didnt notice me waiting.I heard the song sung in English.I saw him opening the wind

26、ow.I saw the window opened.I saw him open the window.I heard her sing the song in English. 專項訓練1：1._ poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _.A.To be;understand B.Im ;to understand C.Being ;understanding D.Being;understood2.I have had my bike _ ,and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorr

27、ow.A.repair;to repair B.repairing;to be repaired C.repaired;repair D.to repair;repairing3.You must get the work _ before Friday.A.do B.to do C.doing D.done4._ the room,the nurse found the tape-recorder _.A.Entering;stealing B.Entering;gone C.To have entered; being stolen D.Having entered;to be stole

28、n5.We are pleased to see the problem _ so quickly.A.settled B.having been settled C.be settled D.settling 6.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.(上海1999）A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired7.It is wise to have some money _ for old age.(

29、NMET1996)A.put away B.keep up C.give away D.laid up (put away 放好, 儲存.備用, 處理掉, 放棄, 拋棄)8.I dont want the children _ out in such weather.A.take B.to take C.taken D.taking 9.Im afraid that I cant make myself _ be cause of my poor English.A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood10.The mu

30、rderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied (表動作完成）專項訓練2：1.We found her greatly _.A.improving B.changed C.to help D.having disturbed2.Jane got her bad tooth _ at the dentists.A.to put in B.pulled out C.pushed out D.drawing out3.When _ ,the m

31、useum will be open to the public next year.(上海2002)A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed 4.With a lot of difficulties _ ,they went to the seashore and had a good rest.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled5.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done

32、to change it.(NMET2002)A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun( once begun 在句中作狀語，begin為及物動詞:“著手”）6._ ,they went home,_.A.Their work had been finished;singing and laughingB.They had finished their work;sang and laughed C.Their work finished ;singing and laughingD.after their work finished;singin

33、g and laughing7.Before he came to London,he had never heard a single English word _A.speaking B.speak C.spoken D.to speak8._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 9._ from space,the earth with water _70 of its surface looks like a blue blanket.A.S

34、een ;covered B.Being seen;covers C.Seeing;covering D.Seen;covering10._,the experiment will be successful.A.If carefully doing B.If it done carefully C.If carefully done D.If doing carefully11.The girl wrote a composition without _.A.ask B.asking C.being asked D.to be asked 12.He finished his homewor

35、k and then went on _me.A.helping B.with help C.with helping D.to help13._where to go ,he asked a policeman.A.Having lost his way and not knowingB.Losing his way and didnt knowC.Having lost his way and didnt knowD.Lost his way and didnt know 14._ her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.A.Heari

36、ng B.Having heard C.To hear D.Heard15._ his team had won, his face lit up at once.A.Knowing B.When knowing C.After knowing D.When he knew專項訓練3：1.They hurried back home only to find their house _ into.A.break B.to break C.broken D.breaking 2.When he came to,he found himself _ on a chair, with his han

37、ds _ back.A.to sit;tied B.sitting;tying C.sat;tied D.sitting;tied3.We do not feel _ to enter modern buildings;everything about them seems unfriendly.A.invited B.inviting C.to invite D.to be invited(feel后加形容詞，此處的invited 表主語we 的感受)4.Im going to have my letters _ tomorrow if Ive got them ready by then.

38、A.to type B.type C.typed D.typing5.Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty _ in art and literature.A.expressed B.to express C.being expressed D.to be expressed答案：專項訓練1：1-10 DCDBA CACDD專項訓練2：:1-15 BBAAD DDADC CDDAD專項訓練3：:1-5 CDACA第三講、Past Participle As the adverbial 過分作狀語Worried a

39、bout the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Well-known for their expertise, his parents company .Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.過去分詞作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個狀語從句。vt 過去分詞作狀語時與主句主語構成被動關系，表示被動和

40、完成，vi 過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動作的完成。Heated , water changes into steam .The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .1 作原因狀語，等于as / since / because 引導從句Moved by what she said ,we couldnt help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said 2 作時間狀語，等于when 引導時間從句，如果分詞表示的動作與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / u

41、ntil 等使時間意義更明確。When heated , water can be changed into steam .Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill3 作條件狀語等于 if / whether 引導從句 Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention .Compared with y

42、ou , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you 4 作方式或伴隨狀語The actress came in , followed by her fans .She sat by the window , lost in thought .5 作讓步狀語Much tired ,he still kept on working .（Although he was tired ,) he .6 獨立主格結構： 當分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結構稱為獨立主格結構。常用來表示伴隨情

43、況。The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .Rewrite with proper conjunctions Example : United we stand, divided we fall. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.1 Asked what had happen

44、ed, he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened, 2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, 3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time,4 Once translated

45、 into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.Once it was translated into Chinese,5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he was left alone at hom

46、e,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，；而過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間則表示被動關系。 Seeing these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see) 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如： Used for

47、 a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in be dressed in be interested in be devoted to be supposed to

48、 be caught in the rain be seated in be prepared for be determined to2.不與主語保持一致的固定結構 generally speaking一般說來strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴格地說/坦白地說 judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來看 taking all things into consideration全面看來例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speakin

49、g, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 （speaking 不是dogs 的動作）Practice 1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.build frighten trap follow shoot see examine1 _ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.2 The lady returned home, _ by two policemen.

50、3 After having been _ carefully, the room was locked again.4._ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.5 _ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.6 If _ in a burning building, you should send for help.7 Although _ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.練習1 _ time ,he

51、 will make a first-class tennis player .A Having given B To give C Giving D Given 2 _in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .A Being founded B It was founded C Founded D Founding 3 Unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .A invited B invitin

52、g C being invited D having invited 4 _,but he still couldnt understand it .A He had been told many times B Having been told many timesC Told many times D Although he had been told many times 5 When first _to the market , these products enjoyed great success .A introducing B introduced C introduce D

53、being introduced 6 There seemed to be nothing _to do but _for the doctor .A leave / send B left / to send C left / send D leaving / send 作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語，前面又有實意動詞 do時，不定式通常省去to 7_everywhere , the wolves had no where _themselves .A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide C Hunted / hiding D H

54、unted / to hide 8 . The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.A. following, following B. followed, followedC. following, followed D. followed, following9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery.A. looked; taken B. looking; takenC. looked; took D. looking; taking10. The murderer was b